STRATEGIC STUDIES OF PUBLIC POLICY (STRATEGIC STUDIES OF GLOBALIZATION JOURNAL)
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:24 |Papers Count:13

Policy-making is linked with sovereignty, government, society, and public problems. It is associated with government action in the proper administration of public affairs. It has been almost four decades since public policy was introduced as an academic program in the world. Policy theory is relying on the factors involved in the cycle of policy making. Policies may fail in many ways. But in order for success to be attributed to policy-making, it must be powerful in three main dimensions: policy-making, process, and politics. Policy makers and managers who are interested in avoiding major failures in programs should pay more attention to research and implementation in order to improve their knowledge of the possible results of the programs and reduce impacts of uncertainty and risk. This short essay attempts to define and explain straightforward but effective concepts on this cycle, avoiding the main concepts of political science such as styles of policy making or political regimes.

The signing of JCPOA to address international concerns about Iran’ s nuclear program has led to bullish predictions about the future of Sino-Iranian relations. In this regard, the main question is based on the assumption that the nuclear agreement between Iran and China involves what dimensions and features? Is the atmosphere after the agreement has led to the promotion of relations between the two countries will be the strategic level and will the JCPOA facilitate strategic relations in some areas? In response to the broader issue of nuclear deal in the name of international legitimacy and the development of bilateral relations between Iran and China are considering that involves mutual interest, regional and international. Second, this involves creating a new order in the relations between the two countries with a set of opportunities and agreements, will only strengthen bilateral relations, and this does not necessarily mean a strategic alliance. Therefore, the two will remain constrained by several obstacles. Iran’ s need to balance its relations with China, due to differences in priorities and differences in needs between the two countries, It is essential policies and expectations Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with the level of strategic partnership set of decisions go beyond this and to avoid a strategic alliance

Donald Trump visit to Saudi Arabia, Riyadh meeting, instead of resolving conflicts and provide appropriate solutions to resolve regional issues, practically had backfired and led to intensify political conflicts between Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Although there is a common identity, political and religious dimension between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, historically, relations between two countries are based on mutual distrust. In this article, the authors seek to answer this questions what are most important reasons led to political break with Qatar and Saudi Arabia? In the following, what is the feedback of this rupture on the region and the axis of resistance? Finally, what is the most important economic and political opportunities for Iran from this important gap? This article utilizes the theory of social change and descriptive analysis and use of library resources is intended to study the subject. The research findings show that despite the territorial and historical disputes, Three factors such as promoting Muslim Brotherhood form Qatar, full support from Al Jazeera network and its ambitions relations with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, full support from the Al-Jazeera and tendency to Iran's are the main reasons for the break political ties to Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

Iraq among its neighbors, The maximum subscription The Islamic Republic of Iran And geopolitical and territorial integrity To any fate that Develop, For the Islamic Republic Considered important, Because it can Political geography of the Islamic Republic of Iran Strongly The threat or strengthen And, accordingly National Security Affect, Therefore, Explain future scenarios Geopolitical developments and territorial integrity of Iraq And evaluation Analyzing their interactions The national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran The main objective of this research. The results also suggest With a view to invoices And key driving forces And the most important cases of uncertainty, Scenarios of future developments in Iraq as follows; Scenario retake the occupied areas of Iraq Of ISIS And split peacefully, Fair and democratic In Iraq (Free and democratic Iraq)-Scenario Solidarity among peoples, Iraqi schools And enhance national power in Iraq (Iraq united and powerful)-scenario Increasing divisions Among the central government, Sunnis and Kurds Initialize a massive civil war In Iraq (Iraqi civil war)-scenario War in Iraq With Turkey (Iraq engaged in foreign wars) Scenario analysis Divide Iraq There are three ways (Iraq decomposed) The results of this research And in review Impact of each of these scenarios The national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, It was found that The most favorable scenario For National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraqi scenario free And democratic And in this regard, Proposals for the realization of this scenario, is presented.

In the new international political economy era, Governments can’ t ignore the role of non-state actors such as citizens and non-governmental organizations in foreign affairs. In this context, modern economic diplomacy, which monopolistically emphasizes on the role of governments, can’ t analyze the dynamics of new economic system. So, for understanding new economic strategies, we should consider principles of postmodern economic diplomacy. This diplomacy is art of advancing national interests through the sustained exchange of information among governments, nations and other groups. This article evaluates effects of postmodern economic diplomacy on fulfilling of the US domestic economic objectives through exploiting the global economic capacities (under economic statecraft: 2009-2012). So the question is: how did Hillary Clinton use capacities of postmodern economic diplomacy to achieve US economic goals? Our hypothesis is: US Department of State in the new international political economy era, used the new communication tools to increase economic interests, through benefiting the economic capacities of private companies, citizens and other governmental Institutions.

This research seeks to answer the question of whether higher education can make use of the benefits of Information and communication technology to reduce energy intensity. For this purpose to estimate the factors affecting energy intensity by using data from 119 countries (2000 to 2013) are discussed. Countries into developed countries (countries with very high human development) and developing countries (developed countries with high, medium and low) are divided. The results for both groups showed that the increase in the level of education increases the utilization of Information and communication technology to reduce energy intensity occurs. In other words, the relationship between energy intensity by spreading Information and communication technology education is made stronger. Thus, the increasing spread of Information and communication technology in education can be more effective policy for reducing energy intensity and therefore increase energy security and environmental pollution is reduced.

Energy provision and reduction environmental emissions are the main reasons for the development of renewable energy in many developed and developing countries. Development of renewable resources have affected economic indicators. In this paper, the method of economic analysis have been used in order to evaluate of the renewable energy development on macroeconomic indicators including Employment, GDP, value added and economic welfare. The results show that the development of renewable energy will create over 1. 8 million jobs in 2015, so that the share of Asian countries more than 60 percent of total employment. Although the development of renewable energy increased an average of 0. 63 percent of world GDP, but oil-rich countries are seeing negative growth. Value add is more than 610$ for each Kilowat module in the solar energy and an average of 583$ for each Kilowat in the wind. The impact of renewable energy development on welfare has been positive in different countries and an average 2. 81 percent for the selected countries. Economic indicators show that the supply of energy from renewable sources in addition to supply the growing demand for energy and replacing them with part of the demand and consumption of fossil fuels caused positive economic effects on short-term and long-term contribution with different shares. Therefore, improvement of macroeconomic indicators is one of main reasons for the development of programs and policies to increase energy production from renewable resources by the different countries.

Given the high role of oil and its sales and its price in Iran's economy, as well as the popularity of the general public and economic activists and foreign investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the relationship between the changes in crude oil prices and stock returns is significant. This study examines the coexistence and causal relationship between crude oil prices and Tehran Stock Exchange. It seems that the price of crude oil and the stock exchange is related to the exchange rate in the economy, which in fact changes in the price of crude oil have a direct effect on the exchange rate and the exchange rate changes affect the stock exchange. In order to investigate the hypotheses of this study, data on bourse yield, exchange rate and daily OPEC basket price were used during the period of 1383-1393. Also, to investigate the relationship between the variables, the co-integration test has been used. Finally, the co-integration among the variables has been confirmed, and a long-term relationship between the variables studied has been discovered. In fact, there is a coincidence that there is asymmetry in shifting oil price changes to stock exchanges. In the opinion of investors, aggregation of stocks and oil prices, the diversification of investment portfolio by holding capital in the oil and gas market simultaneously does not significantly increase market risk and long-term profitability.

Sanctions are considered as a foreign policy tool. Theoretical studies on sanctions have investigated different aspects of the issues. These discussed aspects include the effectiveness of the sanctions and how it affects the behavior of the target country. But the effects of the possibility of first, fight-back strategy for the target country, and second, the presence of rival countries have been discussed unlikely. Game theory is used to address these two deficiencies. Six games which differ in the number of stages, how the pay-offs are calculated, and the presence of a rival country are studied. The results show that fight back ability provides the target with the opportunity to change the sender’ s calculation. It also reduces the probability of sanctions. However, the presence of a rival country neutralizes this opportunity and makes it easier for the sender country to put sanctions into force. In addition, a minimum extent of the sanctions was deduced for the sender country to enter a sanctions episode.

Developing macro strategies of energy, would be a guideline to develop the goals of all the divisions and longtime programs of energy sector and performing comparative studies on other country’ s expertise can be effective in this order. The aim of this research is providing some strategic guides to be used in developing energy macro strategies of Iran based on comparative studies of energy sector of equivalent and developed countries and comparing their strength and weakness with Iran. This research is qualitative by strategy, descriptive by goal, unobtrusive by method and developing approach and to do that Russia, India, Brazil and Norway was selected based on their energy intensity factor. Four criteria of energy macro policies, energy security, energy geopolitics and environmental programs has been used to collecting qualitative data. According to results of comparative study and experiences of selected countries and with paying attention to their capacities and limitations, some suggestions for developing energy strategies in Iran was offered.

a variety of studies highlight the contribution of mobile sources in air pollution emissions in the city of Tehran. among various mobile sources, passenger cars are of high importance due to their population and activity. while production level standards regarding emissions are important, the role of periodic inspection and maintenance programs is undeniable in stabilizing the emission performance of vehicles during their lifespan. the inspection and maintenance program in Iran is simple. it is unloaded, and has no control over the performance of catalytic converter and NOx emissions. consequently, it is suggested to implement a more strength inspection and maintenance program called "Improved Inspection and Maintenance" in the city of Tehranwhich is loaded, has more strength emission limits, and includes tests regarding the performance of catalytic converter and NOx emissions. also, it uses the OBD data. this Improved Inspection and Maintenance could be the permission for the vehicles to enter specific parts of the city of Tehran. or, it could be the permission for vehicles to traffic in unhealthy days. the Improved Inspection and Maintenance could replace the current inspection and maintenance program gradually in Tehran. then, vehicles entering Tehran without Improved Inspection and Maintenance could be fined.

China has shifted from copying to innovator and creative country via broad and consistent policies for science, technology and innovation. China’ s innovation policies include five categories: Science and Technology Policies, Industrial Policies, Financial Pilicies, Tax Policies and Fiscal Policies. We could classify these policies in four periods, too. In first period China’ s government has had important role and firms have little role to play in research and innovation. In second period firms and universities have active role in NIS and also laws have established to provide more competitive business environment. Enterprises role in NIS was more important in third period and their interaction with universities and public libraries was stronger and broader. Fiscal, financial and tax policies was more important in this period, too. Forth period was the benchmarking and policy learning and firm-oriented innovation system period. In this paper first we review science, technology and innovation indices in China, then explore innovation policies transformation and their properties. Finally, we counclude with lessons learned from innovation policies of China and give some suggesstions for Iran.

Perhaps the rational choice approach is the most coherent approach to analyzing human behavior. This approach, which is based on the knowledge of the microeconomics in particular and on the economy as a whole, assumes that humans are rational beings and, according to their information portfolio, make a decision that optimizes their utility. Now, in different people, what is in the utility function can be different, but in general, everyone seeks to maximize their desirability. Although this framework was initially restricted to the field of economics and economic behavior, it gradually expanded economists and claimed that they could explain social, political, and even legal phenomena based on this approach. The tool used to do this was naturally a game theory that considered people's attitudes in the social arena to be strategic. The first critique of this approach was posed by psychologists who questioned the assumption of rationality. These psychologists in the decision-making psychology branch, later known as behavioral and behavioral economics, showed that humans face intense biases in their decisions and choices, which could lead to systematic diversion of choices and decisions from choices and optimal decisions.