STRATEGIC STUDIES OF PUBLIC POLICY (STRATEGIC STUDIES OF GLOBALIZATION JOURNAL)
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:29 |Papers Count:14

Governmental budgeting in any country is influenced by four main social groups that’ s mean voters (or suppliers costs), political team (shapers costs) Bureaucrats (price donors) and are pressure groups (direction makers). As aspect of public view. These groups not behave differently from each other and in own function continuously will be given to private interests. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between political participation (Percent of voters in presidential election) and Resource allocation in Iran. This study as aspect of nature and method is descriptive – analytical. There for were used fund Data related to between 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 and province voters' percentage of presidential election in four periods. For analyzing data were applied quantitate methods such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA. the results show that there is significant correlation between fund allocation and political participation of province (the percent of voters in presidential election) as the allocated funds between 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 years with the percent of voters in presidential election in order of 0. 741, 0. 766, 0. 606, 0. 466 and 0. 482 Correlation is significant at the level 0. 01. Also the results of ANOVA and regression analysis confirmed this issue.

Images of the future are inextricably linked to desires, values and human ideals. The most important issue in investigation of future images is their role in shaping social changes. Future images beside value are the most significant building blocks of social changes. Ergo, this study as a fundamental study in qualitative research tradition deploys a blend of thematic analysis to explore the images of future of Iranian society among the young people. The results show that images of future among participant include seven key components: 1. Historical monuments of the past, 2. the weight of the present time, 3. The road taken by the descendants, 4. Conjectures about future, 5. The shadow of the society, 6. Regrets, inabilities and shortages, and 7. Understanding future. The nature of most of these constructive roots of future images reflects on these assumptions that the future images of the young people of Iran have a profound relationship with their past and present experience of their lives, and they have little ability to imagination in a desirable future and to break the existing situation in favor of They have a in preferable situation. These assumptions should be tested in future research.

Expatriate of specialists from the key strategic industries of the country is one of the main concerns of thinkers and policymakers at the highest levels, which in particular, the country's oil industry has been hit a lot from this type of expatriate. Since attempting to study the dimensions of this issue and trying to reduce the Self-initiated expatriate of specialists from the country is very necessary, in the present study, while conceptualizing and analyzing the dimensions of the Self-initiated expatriate motivators of the country's oil industry with an emphasis on the role And functions of human resources management have been ranked by these factors. Accordingly, after carrying out library studies and designing the final model, validation of the model was carried out (SANJESH) based on the opinion of experts in the field of human resources management and the final questionnaire, drawn up in a paired comparison, was completed by ten oil specialists that expatriated from the country. Based on the results of the questionnaires that analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), among the three factors that effect in motivation-the personality, the type of international occupation and demographic characteristics-the factor of personality as the most important factor and among the four motivational goals-career development, change of life, financial motivation and adventure-factor Career development has top ranked and priority. The issue of policy recommendations for managing the immigration space of specialists in the country has been considered in the final section of the paper.

Diaspora is an important concept in the current social sciences. Across the last two decades it has received increasing attentions by scholars from different disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, political sciences and cultural studies, so that diaspora studies is establishing as an emerging interdisciplinary and important area of research. Diasporas are now among the most influential non-governmental actors that have considerable impacts on domestic politics of countries as well as play significant roles in international relations. Although, we see very little publication in Persian language about this concept and its examples, there is a growing body of literature around diaspora in other languages, especially in western universities, media and research centers. This paper is going to answer a key question from an Iranian perspective; what does mean diaspora and what is/are its substantial impact(s)? I use the firsthand scientific resources for analyzing the concept and its conceptual evolution across the history as well as I use case study as the best research method to properly respond to the functionality of diasporas and their impacts in the era of globalization.

The present study aimed to "identify the adult education and solutions for improvement. " In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the qualitative method of the grounded theory. The participants of the study consisted of experts on adult education, local reference groups, managers and experts of the Literacy Movement Organizations in Zones and Cities, managers and experts of the Department of Education and Training of province, educators and learners and 72 participants were interviewed using "targeted approach", “ snowball method" and “ theoretical saturation criterion". The data collection method was semi-structured interview. 905 open codes, 99 concepts and 14 categories were derived from the interviews based on the data foundation theory process through three open, axial and selective coding steps. In the final stage, the items were categorized under the basic components of the grounded theory including the pivotal subject (the challenges of the literacy movement), the causal conditions (content problems of the courses, educational problems and the economic problems of the learners), environmental conditions (structural problems of the literacy movement organization), Intermediate conditions (cultural barriers, the problems related to instructors and learners), strategies (curriculum revision, legal measures, provision of facilities for educators, increased resources, facilities, and revision of the educational course) and outcomes (acceleration in the development process). The finding showed that literacy movement organization should consider the contextual, environmental and causal factors, and these factors should be regarded in the future revisions. It should be noted that literacy movement organization and literacy centers are dealing with contextual, environmental and causal factors at micro and macro levels; however, these factors are ignored in their current plans and even the strategies which are mentioned in the present study, will also be affected by these factors.

Aim & Backgrand: This study was conducted to evaluate and prioritize different types of energy in Iran including oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy, renewable energy, hydroelectric power and biomass. Materials and Methods Most of the energy consumption in Iran is related to seven types. These different types of energy are different in terms of the four-dimensional concepts of energy, including availability (6 components), Accessibility (4 components), Affordability (5 components), and acceptability (3 components) of a different level of security. Therefore, in this paper, using the hierarchical analysis method and Topsis decision technique, we aimed to evaluate the types of energy available in Iran with the aim of increasing energy security and according to the mentioned criteria and prioritize them. Findings Twenty certified experts compared the seven types of energy in terms of quadratic criteria (18 sub-criteria) and identified their preferences. To evaluate each option, each scale was used from scale 1 to 9 (bipolar scale). After forming the decision matrix, a six-step process of topical technique prioritized the types of energy used in Iran. Conclusion The results show that due to its close proximity to the positive criteria and the distance from the negative criteria at the same time, natural gas is identified as the most suitable type of energy for ensuring energy security (Ci=0. 69125), And renewable energy (Ci = 0. 67354) and nuclear energy (Ci = 0. 62853) In the second and third priorities.

The aim of this study was to investigate the current situation of national food safety policies that use Majchrzak method of policy research which documented knowledge about a problem and evidence to understand the causes and consequences of problems and about ways to solve the problem. For data collection, were interviewed four groups with experience of food safety policy-making in the field of standard, health, environment and agriculture that they were selected with snowball sampling. According to questions of Majchrzak method in format of SWOT protocol semi-structured interviewed. Due to analyze of collected data, was used MAXQDA2007 and Excel2010. In the process of analysis of food safety policy-making, we used internal factor evaluation matrix (IFE[1]), External factor evaluation matrix (EFE[2]), Internal-External matrix (IE[3]) and Quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM[4]). The findings show that the food safety policy-making doesn't have a suitable place. For its improvement, it should prefer the strategies of defending group (Weakness& Threat-WT) based on the decrease of weak points and the avoid of threats. They are as follows: 1. Increasing the synergy of food safety management. 2. Solving environmental problems and crises. 3. Strengthening and requiring implementation of strategic plans. [1]. Internal factor evaluation matrix. [2]. External factor evaluation matrix. [3]. Internal-External matrix. [4]. Quantitative strategic planning matrix.

Financial development contributes to the development of environmental conditions of a country through decreasing investment cost, encouraging firms to apply environmentally friendly technologies and inputs and reducing the size of underground economy. Therefore, it is important to investigate the relationship between financial development and environmental pollution. This relationship might be different for developed and developing countries due to institutional differences. For the purpose of this study, two models were estimated based on the data from the D8 and J7 member countries from 1993 to 2013. Negative linear relationship was confirmed for the J7 countries and quadratic relationship i. e. Inverse U for the D8 countries which includes Iran. In J7 countries there is an inverse relationship between financial development and environmental destruction. However, in D8 counties, in the lower level of financial development, bank loans lead to environmental pollution, while in the 39 percent financial development indicator as a cut-off point this trend is reversed. Considering that in the last 5 years this ratio has been 50 percent for Iran, financial development through the aforementioned channels contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution.

Our country as a young country is facing a phenomenon called military service which many young people and individuals consider it as a problem ahead. Since a significant age range of boys or men is subjected to military service, investigating and analyzing this period is of particular importance. In terms of functionalism, any phenomenon in the community is functional. In general, they consider the society to be a military arrangement. The aim of this study is to assess the social functions of military service for soldiers. In this study, it is attempted to investigate military service functions using interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The data is collected through interviews with twenty soldiers from all branches of education, different grades and different units. Interviews were conducted by one of the authors in the context of the phenomenon. Analysis of interviews identified 14 sub-categories, two main categories of personal and social functions and social opportunities as a core category. Results show that military service period enjoys personal and social functions for young soldiers. Personal consequences could include independency of young people, physical and mental health, punctuality, self-esteem, elimination of inappropriate individual characteristics and family appreciation. Also, the social functions include social responsibility, cooperation and solidarity, increased religiosity, social cohesion, social protection, social control, social identity and defense of the country.

With a focus on the 11th and 12th governments casts a short and historical view on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the victory of the Islamic Revolution in February 1979 to date, in which light to follow contents and structures of the foreign policy of the 12th Government in line with its constitutional goals. The Foreign Ministry is the only one in Iran that is governed by two sets of laws. One being the June 1973 Organizational, Recruitment, Financial, and disciplinary Law, decreed by The Senate and National Consultative Chambers, and the other being the 1981 Law of the Missions of the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran passed through Majlis, the Parliament. In the 1985 constitutional revision that was approved by the Nation, The Foreign Ministry underwent three obligations in addition to those two laws: The Constitution, the Supreme Leadership, and the Majlis. Through the passed governments, the revolutionary and/or diplomatic viewpoints have always experienced a volatile process. The process has ended up to the JCPOA negotiations preceded by the “ Heroic flexibility” . In those two Governments, the revolutionary viewpoint has shied away in favor of the diplomatic one during the long process of 1985-2017. The pinnacle of this total variation was the 2017 change in the organizational structure of the Foreign Ministry where the three regional under-secretariat omitted at once and an economic under-secretariat was established. This was one that had been wrapped up in the 1990s due to its unsuccessfulness.

Groundwater is a vital source of water supply in Iran. Sustainable utilization of groundwater is an inevitablenecessity. But overdraftand neglecting the reasonable criteria for sustainable use of groundwater led to groundwater-dependent ecosystems destruction and many other inevitable losses. In addition, reduced groundwater recharge by climate change, have increased unsustainability. In fact, groundwater withdrawal licenses do not have the ability to adapt to climate change and adapt to socioeconomic changes, and cannot be taken into account the undesirable result of groundwater withdrawal. In this paper, in order to address undesirable result of groundwater withdrawal, the total freshwater in aquifer analyzed in the three scenarios included excellent, reasonable and minimal scenarios. By attention to extended undesirable result of overdraft groundwater, we anticipated majority of aquifer cut off sustainable level and are now in the third (minimal) scenario. So, this scenario has become more attention and describe requirements to maintain existing conditions and to move towards sustainable groundwater management have been suggested and analyzed.

The issue of financing is one of the key sections of the implementation of infrastructure projects, especially in cases where the government does not have enough ability to finance these projects. One example of these projects for Iran is the renovation of public lighting system. In this research at first, different models of financing of infrastructure projects was studied. In these models, financing can be provided by the government, the private sector, energy service companies, or a combination of these. In each model, the financial, technical and political risks of project implementation are also divided between different sectors. In the following, three samples of street lighting renovation projects implemented in India, Britain and the Philippines have been investigated and finally, two models that they are appropriate for Iran to renovate the lighting system (i. e. replacing LED lamps with existing old street lamps) by financing with electricity charges or with Article 12 of the elimination of production barriers law, and the considerations of each item are stated.