Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences
Year:2022 | Volume:19 | Issue:4|Papers Count:17

Aim and Background: Today, substance use disorders and their serious consequences are associated with many serious medical and psychiatric problems. In this regard, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy and reality therapy on cognitive disorder and relapse anxiety in addicted patients. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The study population included all addicts undergoing treatment referred to specialized clinics for substance abuse treatment in Kerman in 2020. Among them, 45 (24 males and 21 females) were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups: 15 in the first experiment, 15 in the second experiment, and 15 in the control group. The first experimental group received a positivist psychotherapy intervention and the second experimental group received William Glasser reality therapy-each treatment-in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week) as a group,The control group was placed on a waiting list for two months to receive the most effective intervention. In order to collect data, Mason et al. 's (1994) Cognitive Disorder and Anxiety Return Questionnaire was used to collect data. Fisher's analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: Findings showed that both positivist psychotherapy and reality therapy are effective in reducing cognitive disturbance and relapse anxiety in addicts,However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments on reducing cognitive disturbance and relapse anxiety (P<0. 001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that positivist psychotherapy is more effective than reality therapy on cognitive disturbance and return anxiety to the addicts under treatment. Tarab returned to the addicts under treatment.

Aim and Background: Research has shown that a significant proportion of couples seeking treatment for their marital disorders experience problems in regulating their emotions in the context of their own cognitive perspective or that of their spouse,Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to Comparison the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment-based education approach and the emotion-based cognitive therapy approach on the level of self-understanding, spouse-understanding perspective in conflicting couples referring to public welfare counseling centers in Hamadan. Methods and Materials: In this study, a one-case experimental design of clinical trial was used. The statistical population included all couples with marital conflict in the summer of 2019, referred to the State Welfare Counseling Center in Hamadan. Using the available non-random sampling method, 45 conflicting couples (n = 90) were selected and formed the statistical sample of this study, which were replaced in two experimental groups and a control group. To collect data, Graz and Roemer (2004) self-understanding perspective scale, Christensen and Salavi's wife's conceptual perspective questionnaire (1984) were used. Clinical significance method was used to analyze the data. Findings: The analysis of the findings shows that the most effective approach based on acceptance and commitment to increase their cognitive perspective is the restoration of cognitive perspective in comparison with emotion-oriented cognitive therapy. Also, a significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the approach based on acceptance and commitment and emotion-based cognitive therapy on the understanding of the spouse in conflicting couples in Hamadan. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, the effectiveness of the approach of education based on acceptance and commitment on the level of their cognitive perspective, the cognitive perspective of the spouse in conflicting couples is more than the emotion-based cognitive therapy approach.

Aim and Background: Recent research has shown the prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic in this regard The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on reduction anxiety symptoms in patients with Generalized anxiety disorder in Dezful during the outbreak of Covid-19. Methods and Materials: The research was a pilot study with a pretest-post-test-follow-up with control group. The statistical population of this study was the All patients with generalized anxiety disorder referring to Dezful counseling centers 30 people were selected through targeted sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control group. In all three groups, patients' anxiety disorder was assessed through the questionnaire of General Anxiety (GAD-7). The first group received cognitive-behavioral therapy in 8 sessions 60 minutes, and the second group in 8 sessions 60 minutes acceptance and commitment therapy, but the third group did not receive training. Then, the anxiety test was re-evaluated in all three groups. Given that the assumptions of covariance analysis were not met data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis and SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy could reduce the symptoms of anxiety in comparison with the control group (p <0. 001) However, the difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on reduce the symptoms of anxiety was not significant (p> 0. 05). Conclusions: It seems that both therapeutic approaches can be effective in treating the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Aim and Background: Research in developmental psychology shows that the experience of exercise and play in childhood can have a significant and lasting impact on social development and psychological health. Therfore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic playground games on social development and perceived physical competence in boys aged 8 to 12 years. Methods and Materials: The research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 8-to 12-year-old male students in Kermanshah in the academic year 2019-2020, from which 30 students were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and Witnesses were present. The experimental group participated in dynamic yard games for 8 weeks. In the end, post-test was taken from both groups. Data were collected using the Vineland Social Development Scale (1953) and the Marsh somatic self-descriptive questionnaire (1998) and analyzed using analysis of covariance at the significant level of p <0. 05. Findings: Findings showed that playground games have a positive and significant effect on social development and perceived physical competence of children (P<0. 001). Conclusions: It seems that playground games can positively increase social development and perceived physical competence in children. Therefore, these games can be used to improve social status and perceived physical competence, which play an effective role in children's mental health.

Aim and Background: Due to the cultural context of society, women suffer more than men after divorce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Ellis emotional emotional therapy on psychological wellbeing, resilience of women on the verge of divorce in Zahedan. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of the study is all women who refer to the court of Zahedan for divorce. The statistical sample of the study was 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The research instruments were Reef (1989), Connor and Davidson (2003) Psychological Welfare Questionnaire. From Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mbox, Levin tests, multivariate analysis of covariance was performed using SPSS software version 25. Findings: The results showed that Ellis emotionally rational therapy focuses on the components of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental control, purposeful life and personal growth) and resilience spirituality in individuals, control, tolerance of negative emotions, trust in Personal instincts (competence) has been the most influential on the individual competence and self-acceptance components. Conclusions: It seems that Ellis emotionally rational treatment affects all components of psychological wellbeing and resilience of women in the divorce province of Zahedan.

Aim and Background: Covid-19 as a stressor causes several psychological disorders and physical problems around the world, but some people experience post-traumatic growth despite these problems. The aim of this study was to explain post-traumatic growth coping styles based on the experiences of patients with Covid-19. Methods and Materials: Qualitative research design was done by thematic analysis method. Twenty-five participants were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Purposeful sampling was used to achieve data saturation. Data were analyzed according to the stepby-step process of Brown and Clark content analysis using MAXQDA software. Findings: Data analysis resulted in 96 primary codes, 31 basic themes, and 13 organizing themes. The most important coping styles of patients growing from Corona were: deep thinking style, prayer style, trusting style, hopeful style, modeling style, normalization style, acceptance style, Problem solving style, Meaningful style, Conscious procrastination style, Emotional outburst style, Humorous style, and Supportive style. Finally, the validity and reliability of the identified styles were confirmed using Lincoln and Gaba methods along with four indicators of credibility, conformability, dependability and transformability. Conclusions: grown individuals have a wide range of coping styles that they use to cope with the stress of Covid-19 disease. The results of this study can significantly help to design the scale of assessment, educational and therapeutic interventions of coping styles that facilitate post-traumatic growth in Covid-19 patients.

Aim and Background: Cancer is considered to be one of the most important health and therapy issues in the world and in our country, especially among men, and is usually associated with significant clinical and psychological discomfort in the optimal use of coping strategies. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the structural model of spiritual health based on health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, pain self-efficacy mediated by the source of internal health control in men with cancer. Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive-correlational type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of men aged 45 to 65 years old with gastrointestinal cancers living in Golestan province in 1400. The sample size was estimated to be 230 people using Krejcie Morgan table. The convenience sampling method was used. The instruments of this research were in the form of questionnaires including health anxiety by Salkowski and Warwick (2002), metacognition and meta-emotion by Biro Montea (2010), pain self-efficacy by Nicholas (1980), spiritual health by Delman and Free (2004), source of health control by Wallston et al. 1978). To analyze the data, structural equation modeling technique was used in the LISREL8. 71 software. Findings: The results showed that health anxiety had a significant negative effect, and positive meta-emotion and self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on spiritual health (P <0. 001). The source of internal health control mediated the effect of pain self-efficacy on spiritual health in a significant positive way (P <0. 01). The source of internal health control has a negative effect on health anxiety and a significant positive effect on positive meta-emotion and pain self-efficacy (P <0. 005). Conclusions: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, and pain self-efficacy are related to spiritual health and can affect spiritual health through the mediation of health control source.

Aim and Background: The prevalence of coronavirus, the unknown and cognitive ambiguities of this virus and the resulting mortality rate, cause high anxiety in individual. The aim of this study was to provide a model of coronary anxiety based on locus of control, emotion regulation strategies, perceived social support and disease anxiety with emphasis on the mediating role of cognitive-behavioral avoidance in students. Methods and Materials: The present study is of descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The research population were Isfahan university students in the spring of 1400. From the population, according to Cochran's formula, 250 people were selected by available sampling and Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (1966), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2004), Health Anxiety Questionnaire (2002), Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988), Avoidance Inventory (1994) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (2019) were delivered to them virtually. Statistical analysis was performed by covariance-based structural equation modeling using Amos software. Findings: The results showed that there is a direct relationship between the locus of control and disease anxiety with corona anxiety in students and these two variables explain 64% of the variance of corona anxiety in students (p<. 05). Also the results showed that cognitive-behavioral avoidance does not play a mediating role in these relationships. Conclusions: Based on the results, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the locus of control and reduce disease anxiety in order to reduce corona anxiety in students.

Aim and Background: Sleep is one of the important elements in circadian cycles that is associated with the restoration of physical and mental strength and has a great impact on quality of life. Sports activities are among the interfering factors in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life,therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of aerobic exercise on improving the mental quality of sleep and quality of life of the elderly. Methods and Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study and the subjects of this study were 40 elderly people in 1399. For data analysis, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire was used and the standard questionnaires for measuring Petersburg quality of sleep (PSQI) and quality of life (SF-36) were used. An appropriate training protocol was used for the intervention and data were analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk, dependent parametric t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests were used and statistical calculations were used by SPSS software. Findings: After aerobic exercise, the average score of sleep quality decreased from 8. 1 to 6, ie 26% improvement in sleep quality and the average score of quality of life increased from 78. 63 to 81. 73, ie 4% improvement in quality of life was observed (p≤,0. 05). Conclusions: It seems that the intervention has a significant effect on the studied variables and sports activities improve the level of sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly.

Aim and Background: Given that the family is the most important social institution, many variables may affect marital relationships and its quality. Recognition of these factors can be effective in improving and improving the quality of this institution. Methods and Materials: The present study is a correlational study of path analysis. The statistical population of the study includes all married women with diploma degree and higher degree Ahvaz in 2022. From this statistical population, 340 people were selected as a sample by available sampling method. In this study, to collect data from Norton Marital Relationship Quality Scale (MRQS), Beck Short Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Hovestedt et al. 's Family Scale (FOS), Alder et al. 's Perception of Parents' Marriage Questionnaire (PPMQ) and Singh and Bahargawa Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) were used. In the present study, the proposed model was evaluated using the path analysis method and the bootstrap method software (AMOS-24) was used to test indirect relationships. Findings: The findings of this study showed that both indirect pathways of the function of the family of Origen on depression and marital quality were confirmed through emotional maturity at a significance level of less than 0. 05. But the two indirect paths of the effect of perception of parents' marriage on depression and marital quality through emotional maturity were significantly greater than 0. 05, so they are not confirmed. Conclusions: The results showed that the direct pathways of the family of origin to emotional maturity, the function of the family of origin and depression, the function of the family of origin to marital quality, emotional maturity and depression, emotional maturity to marital quality and perception of parents' Marriage to marital quality were statistically significant. Therefore, it is necessary for family therapy and couple therapy specialists to pay attention to predictor variables and their effect on improving marital relations and family institution.

Aim and Background: Students with academic self-regulation are hard-working and innovative learners and do not simply give up in dealing with issues and problems. They consider learning as an active process during which somehow take responsibility for it and, if faced with problems, try to figure out what they need to do to solve it. The aim of this study was to develop a self-regulatory model of learning based on successful intelligence and emotional adjustment with the mediating role of psychological well-being. Methods and Materials: The research method was correlational and the statistical population of the present study was male and female high school students in Tehran. Four hundred and fifty-six of them were selected in a multi cluster sampling and were asked to complete the self-regulatory learning scale (SRQ-A), the Successful Intelligence Questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being scale, and the Emotional Adjustment Scale (EAM). The obtained results were analyzed using AMOS software and path analysis method. Findings: The results showed that emotional adjustment and successful intelligence mediated by psychological well-being predict positively and significantly (p <0. 01) self-regulation of learning. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, it can be suggested that the higher the successful intelligence and emotional adjustment, the direct and mediated psychological well-being have a positive and significant effect on promoting learning self-regulation. Therefore, parents and educational authorities to strengthen academic self-regulation should provide rich environments to strengthen these three components.

Aim and Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the informational-motivationalbehavioral structural model based on the role of impulsivity moderator among women with body mass index above 25. Methods and Materials: The present study was a cross-sectional correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to diet centers, health centers and sports clubs in Isfahan in 2020-2021, from which 444 people were selected by multi-stage sampling method. A researcher-made information-motivational-behavioral questionnaire and Patton et al. 's (1959) impulsivity questionnaire were used to collect data. Amos software (24V-) was used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed the moderating role of impulsivity in the mentioned model (X2/df = 3. 46, GFI = 0. 981, CFI = 0. 977, RMSEA = 0. 08, SRMR = 0. 073, NFI = 0. 970, TLI = 0. 928 and AGFI= 0. 924). In the three groups of low, medium and high impulsivity, health behavior was influenced by information. In the moderate impulsivity group, health behavior was influenced by motivation. In the three groups of low, medium and high impulsivity, health behavior was affected by behavioral skills. In individuals with low and high impulsivity, information had a significant indirect effect on health behavior through behavioral skills. In individuals with high impulsivity, motivation had a significant indirect effect on health behavior through behavioral skills. Conclusions: The application of these structures such as information, motivation, behavioral skills and attention to levels of impulsivity can help researchers and therapists in the field to prevent obesity and even design appropriate treatments and good diets.

Aim and Background: The outbreak of Covid-19 virus and the occurrence of multiple peaks in the country over time has caused nurses to suffer psychological and emotional damage. According to this the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of positive psychotherapy on the resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms. Methods and Materials: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included the female nurses with anxiety symptoms in the city of Isfahan in the winter quarter of 2020. 40 female nurses with anxiety symptoms were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 nurse). The experimental group received positive psychotherapy online in 8 sessions of 75 minutes per month. After the intervention, 4 nurse in the experimental group and 3 nurse in the control group had a fall. The applied questionnaires in this study included anxiety questionnaire (Beck et. al, 1998), and resilience scale (Conner, Davidson, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and dependent t test using SPSS statistical software version 23. Findings: The results showed that the Positive psychotherapy has significant effect on the anxiety and resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms (p<0. 001) and succeeded in the decrease anxiety and increase psychological empowerment and resilience in these nurses. Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease anxiety and increase resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms through employing techniques such as a positive outlook on life and teaching optimism and hope for the future.

Aim and Background: Inflammatory bowel disease has clinical features and therapeutic interventions that can greatly impact patients' psychological function and personal relationships. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on negative and positive emotions and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods and Materials: The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included inflammatory bowel patients in Isfahan. The study sample consisted of 30 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the preintervention and post-intervention stages to the questionnaire فه Positive and Negative Emotions وWatson et al. (1988) and Garnfsky et al. (2002) responded to the cognitive regulation of emotion. The experimental group underwent yoga-based cognitive therapy based on 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using variable covariance analysis and SPSS22 software. Findings: The results of comparing the experimental group with the control group showed that negative emotions and cognitive regulation of emotion were significantly different from the control group. Yoga and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly affect negative and positive emotions (p <0. 05). It also had a significant effect on the cognitive regulation of emotion, except for the dimensions of acceptance and blame of people with inflammatory bowel disease (p <0. 05). Conclusions: In general, the results indicate the effect of yoga-based mindfulness cognitive therapy on negative emotions and positive emotions and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and can be considered as an important and key intervention alongside drug therapies in patients. Inflammation of the intestine is used. Also, the results of this research can be used by health psychologists.

Aim and Background: Studies have shown that academic anxiety is affected by various factors, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between academic anxiety and executive functions and academic engagement. Methods and Materials: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the present study is high school students in Hamadan, which was selected using a multi-stage cluster method and Cochran's table of 400 people. Were. The research instruments included the Ahvaz Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, the Pintroch Academic Conflict Scale Questionnaire and the Kolich Executive Function Questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic anxiety with deficits in executive functions and a significant negative relationship between academic anxiety and academic involvement. Conclusions: It seems that executive functions and academic engagement can be useful in predicting academic anxiety. In this regard, in order to increase the external credibility of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.

Aim and Background: Chronic pain is one of the most common and expensive medical problems. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy and cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity, pain catastrophizing, experiential avoidance and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia. Methods and Materials: This research was experiential study with pre, post-test and follow-up with control group. Among patients suffering from chronic in Isfahan, using available and voluntary sampling method, 36 patients that had top point in alexithymia questionnaire were selected and then were assigned in two groups randomly (each group n=12). Members of first experimental group, received online emotion-focused group therapy and members of second experimental group received online cognitive-analytic group therapy. In this period control group didn’, t received any intervention. Instruments were Karnfeskesʼ, s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), Solivanʼ, s Pain Catastrophizing Scale (1995), Taylor and Koksʼ, es Anxiety Sensitinty Inventort (1998), Acceptance and Action Questionaire (2011) that were completed in 3 stages of pre, post-rest and follow up. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis. Findings: Reults showed that the emotion focused therapy has been more effective than the cognitive analytic therapy in improving pain catastrophizing, experiential avoidance and the negative aspect of cognitive emotion regulation (P<0. 05). Conclusions: With respect to the effectiveness of these two therapeutic methods on the research variables, these two therapeutic methods can be sought so as to improve the conditions of the patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.