Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences
Year:2022 | Volume:20 | Issue:1|Papers Count:16

Aim and Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is one of the most common eating disorders. Numerous factors such as aggression, rumination, anger, and anger rumination are associated with BED. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on anger rumination and aggression in men with binge eating disorder. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all men with BED who are members of the Mashhad Overeaters Anonymous (OA) association in 2020. Twenty four of them were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly placed in two groups (experiment and control groups). Pre-test was performed for both groups, including anger rumination scale (ARS) and aggression questionnaire (AQ). The control group did not receive any intervention. Post-test was completed for both groups and the results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that schema therapy reduces anger rumination and aggression in people with BED in the experimental group compared to the control group. (p <. 01). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that therapists can use this treatment to reduce anger rumination and aggression in people with BED.

Aim and Background: Romantic relationships are a common global experience among human beings,however, many people experience the breakup of a romantic relationship and may suffer after the end of the romantic relationship. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on love trauma syndrome. Methods and Materials: The method of this study was quasi-experimental and case studies. For this purpose, three female participants with the experience in romantic relationships were selected by purposive sampling in Isfahan and treated by an individual who focused on compassion during eight 90-minute sessions. Participants in the treatment phase (baseline, intervention, and follow-up) answered the Peasant Love Trauma Syndrome Questionnaire (2010). In the pre-treatment phase, the Ross Love Trauma Questionnaire (1999) and the MMPI-2RF Questionnaire were interviewed clinically. Data were analyzed by visual mapping, baseline change index, and recovery percentage formula. Findings: The improvement rates in the love trauma symptoms variable in the post-intervention and follow-up stages were 95% and 50% in the first participant, 50% and 31% in the second participant, and 16% and 41% in the third participant, respectively. Thus, the overall recovery rates for all the three participants were 55% and 41%, respectively, indicating good and moderate treatment success in the short and long terms, respectively. Conclusions: CFT with compassionate topical cultivation provides the opportunity for clients to go through the healing process with full awareness of their own painful experiences. Research results can be used by psychologists and counselors.

Aim and Background: Today, one of the achievements of the family institution and one of the factors threatening the foundation and center of the family is the conflicts that occur in the relationship between couples. Therefore,the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of native couple therapy based on marital burnout of couples in conflict in Kermanshah. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and followup with the control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to Kermanshah Transplant Counseling Center. Statistical sample consisted of 20 conflicting graft pairs that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instrument was the 21-item marital burnout Inventory (CBM) questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test-post-test and pre-testfollow-up stages, which indicates the effectiveness of reality-based education on marital burnout of couples in conflict. Conclusions: It seems that native couple therapy based on reality therapy has an effect on marital burnout. It is recommended to do similar research with more samples to increase the external credibility of the research.

Aim and Background: In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy in the field of conflict resolving and enriching the couple's relationship. The purpose of this study is to integrate the results of previous research and compare the effectiveness of these interventions on marital quality components. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a statistical technique to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy on the components of marital quality of couples. The statistical population of the study includes researches conducted in Iran in the field of mentioned psychotherapies. The statistical sample includes research conducted in this field inside Iran. For this purpose, 19 studies were selected. After reviewing 17 researches that were methodologically acceptable, they were analyzed. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist and CMA software was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed the magnitude of the combined effect of the treatments (P <0. 01) was equal to r = 0. 629, which is equivalent to zr = 0. 739 and g = 1. 557, and according to Cohen's interpretation table means the size of the effect is large or high. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy. Conclusions: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy are effective in improving the marital quality components of couples.

Aim and Background: The coronavirus epidemic, a phenomenon that shocked the world with its emergence, began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, the virus has spread around the world and to date, millions of people have been affected by the disease. This study aimed to predict psychological distress based on coping styles with stress, attitudes toward risk severity, and preventive behaviors of people in Isfahan in terms of corona disease. Methods and Materials: The research design was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all people over 18 years old living in Isfahan in 1400 that 351 of them were selected using the available sampling method, responded to questionnaires of Kessler psychological distress, Indler and Parker coping styles stressful situations (short form) and Corona Attitude and preventive measures made by Honarvar & et. al. The data were analyzed using statistical methods Pearson correlation and stepwise regression via SPSS 28. Findings The results of the analysis showed that attitude toward the severity of covid19, avoidant coping style, emotion-focused coping style, and preventive behaviors can Predict 18% of changes in psychological distress significantly. But Problem-focused coping styles could not predict psychological distress. Conclusions: The results of the present study can be used to formulate individualistic and community interventions to promote the health of people with epidemic diseases.

Aim and Background: Somatic symptoms make a significant part of admittances to health centers. Since clinical observations have linked these symptoms with emotions and cognitive distortions in relationships, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional focused therapy on emotional information processing and interpersonal cognitive distortions among women with somatic symptoms of Isfahan. Methods and Materials: The method of this research was a semi-experimental design with pre-test-posttest with control group. In this research, judgmental and voluntary sampling method was used. For this purpose, from the statistical population and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 30 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments used in this study were somatic symptom questionnaires (PHQ_15) for finding kinds of symptoms and (SSD_12) for diagnosis A, B criteria of somatic symptoms, and emotional information processing questionnaires (1) and interpersonal cognitive distortions questionnaires (2). After the pre-test, participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes emotional focused therapy (EFT) training. Finally, after performing the posttest, the data were analyzed using covariance analysis by SPSS software version 23. Findings: The results of the data analysis showed that emotional focused therapy reduced the level of negative emotional information processing and its subscale, interpersonal cognitive distortions and its subscale and symptoms of somatic symptoms in women with somatic symptoms. The experimental group in the post-test stage and these changes were statistically significant (P < 0. 01). Conclusions: According to the results, this method can be used as an interventional and therapeutic method to reduce the level of negative emotional information processing, interpersonal cognitive distortions and symptoms of somatic symptoms in women with somatic symptoms.

Aim and Background: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood in which adolescents experience many changes, and their reactions to these changes are different. One of the maladaptive behaviors in this regard is aggression, which has long been the focus of many interventions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supportive psychotherapy on reducing physical aggression in male adolescents Methods and Materials: In this study, a single case method with an A-B design was used. The statistical population included male adolescents aged 12-18 who were referred to the social emergency center with symptoms of chronic aggression during the first six months of 2020, of whom three were selected by purposive sampling. After three baseline sessions, the intervention sessions began, and a supportive psychotherapy package was administered for eight sessions of 45 minutes per week. Two follow-up sessions were held two weeks and one month after the intervention, and the results were evaluated. The data were collected by the Physical Aggression subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire (1). Findings: A stable change index and recovery percentage were used to test the research hypothesis. Based on the overall recovery percentage of the three samples after treatment (42. 77) and follow-up (48. 02), it was concluded that supportive psychotherapy was effective in reducing physical aggression in adolescents. Conclusions: Supportive psychotherapy was effective in reducing aggression in male adolescents. This treatment controls aggressive behaviors by increasing self-confidence and awareness of the strengths and weaknesses.

Aim and Background: Therefore, conducting research on children's behavioral problems is important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting training program plus parental management training (combined education) with mindful parenting training and parental management training alone on reducing externalized and internalized behavioral problems of children. Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and twomonth follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all preschool children in Kashmar in 2021-2022, from which 120 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to four groups. All completed the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up questionnaires of the Achenbach and Rescorla (2001) Child Behavior Inventory. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSSV19 software. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference in both variables of externalized and internalized behavioral problems between groups (P<0. 01). This means that combined education (mindful parenting program with parental management training) was more effective in reducing externalized and internalized behavioral problems of preschool children compared to mindful parenting education and parental management training alone (P<0. 05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the combined education of mindful parenting and parental management training can reduce the externalized and internalized behavioral problems of preschool children and therefore the awareness of parents, teachers, counselors, psychologists and other professionals about these trainings can be reduced. Behavioral problems of preschool children are helpful.

Aim and Background: Because of the similarity between some signs of panic disorder (PD) and COVID-19, individuals with PD like individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are vulnerable to negative outcomes of the pandemic. However, previous studies did not adequately address the impacts of COVID-19 on this disorder. The study aims to compare individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and nonclinical samples in terms of obsessive beliefs and COVID-19 stress, two years after the beginning of the pandemic. Methods and Materials: In a survey, 127 individuals were recruited through purposive sampling. After being taken for the clinical interview, they were divided into OCD (n=42), PD (n=40), and nonclinical (n=45) groups. Participants responded to the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44), COVID-19 Stress Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Scheffe posthoc tests. Findings: There were no significant differences between clinical groups based on any obsessive beliefs. In terms of socioeconomic outcomes and traumatic stress components of COVID-19 stress, there were no significant differences between clinical and nonclinical groups. However, individuals with OCD and PD obtained meaningfully higher scores in xenophobia and obsessive checking/ reassurance-seeking components, respectively, than other groups. Even two years after the beginning of the pandemic, clinical groups were significantly more concerned about the danger and contamination of COVID-19 than the nonclinical group. Conclusions: Obsessive beliefs in individuals with PD are comparable to individuals with OCD during the pandemic. Also, individuals with PD engaged more in obsessive checking/ reassurance-seeking than individuals with OCD and the nonclinical group,it could burden extensive costs for the therapeutic system during the pandemic.

Aim and Background: Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is associated with cognitive dysfunction that may adversely affect the quality of life (QoL) before and after surgery for epilepsy. This study aimed to find cognitive factors that may predict QoL in patients with FLE whose seizures had been controlled by surgery for epilepsy. Methods and Materials: Twenty-four patients with FLE who underwent epilepsy surgery from June 2014 to June 2019 were recruited. The seizure outcome was assessed with modified Engel classification. All of the patients were assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale, Color Trails Test, Tower of London Test, Persian Aphasia Naming Test, and Persian Diagnostic Aphasia Battery. The QoL was evaluated with the QoL in Epilepsy Inventory with 89 items. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) was used for statistical analysis. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of working memory (p = 0. 01), general intelligence (p <0. 001), and functional intelligence (p <0. 001) before and after surgery. GLM regression model showed that color errors in part 2 of CTT by-18. 43 and higher indexed scores of verbal memory by-1. 28, both before surgery, predicted decreased total QOLIE score. Conclusions: Working memory and executive functioning were neuropsychological factors that may predict QoL in after surgery for FLE.

Aim and Background: With the outbreak of the corona virus in late 2019 in China and its rapid epidemic in the world, this issue has become a global problem with physical and psychological risks. Since healthcare workers are on the frontline of fighting against this disease, they are more exposed to physical and mental injuries than other people. This study was conducted to investigate the perceived stress of women healthcare workers during the outbreak of corona virus. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted by qualitative method and with phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of all women healthcare workers working in Covid-19 special wards in Tehran in 1399. 10 participants were selected by using purposeful and snowball sampling and were subjected to semi-structured interviews. After reaching data saturation, interviews were conducted with 2 other participants and sampling was stopped after no new data. Then, data analysis was performed by Collaizi's descriptive method. Findings: Findings of interview analysis were presented in two parts: "Unpleasant feelings and thoughts" and "Restrictive and avoidant behaviors. The results of this study can be used to identify and reduce stressors in similar situations to reduce perceived stress. Conclusions: The most frequent stressors in the interviewees' conversations (words) were unpleasant feelings and thoughts about physical health and restrictive and avoidant behaviors in the family environment.

Aim and Background: Adequate attention to the lifestyle of students and its promotion in building the future of the country is a necessity,therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating an educational package to improve students' lifestyles based on positive psychology and its effectiveness on character capabilities. Methods and Materials: The present study was a combination and based on a sequential exploratory design-the classification compilation model. To compile the educational package, the word / symbol and theme unit was used in content analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included university faculty members, twelve of whom were purposefully selected as a sample size based on the expertise indicators. In order to evaluate the educational package on character capabilities, 34 students were selected by voluntary sampling method in the academic year 2020-2021 and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in nine sessions of 60 minutes. Data obtained from Patterson and Seligman (2004) character competency test were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings: Based on the findings, 54 factors were identified and classified into three categories of mental, individual and social abilities and were presented as an educational package through a network framework. Also, the educational, package has been able to significantly improve the character capabilities of students (including wisdom, knowledge, excellence, humanity, justice, self-control, and courage). Conclusions: In general, the findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness of the educational package of lifestyle promotion on students' character capabilities.

Aim and Background: social environment along with constructed environment can affect mental health. On the other hand depression is the major cause of many illnesses which imposed lots of burden on people and can disturb people’, s function. Therefore major aim of this research was to investigate the role of social environment in the relationship between residential environment and depression score of the residents. Methods and Materials: descriptive-correlation research method was used for this research. Statistical society was all residents of 15 regions of Isfahan city. 749 persons were selected using random cluster sampling for this research. In the previous research procedure, data was collected using library studies and then through questionnaires, Lovibond Depression Questionnaire (1995), residential environment qualifications evaluation questionnaire and social environment evaluation questionnaire were used. It should be mentioned that at least 2 questionnaires received from each residential unit. Analysis of covariance method was used to analysis data. Findings: results showed that there is a relationship between residential and social environment and social environment has a trivial mediator role in the relationship between residential environment and depression. Conclusions: based on the findings of current research, social environment had a small mediator effect on the relationship between residential environment and depression so it turned out that a part of predictor variable effect (residential environment) on criterion variable (depression) transferred through social environment variable, therefore paying attention to the variable can be used as an environmental factor in reducing residents depression and it is suggested that social environment should be considered in researches about studying the relationship between residential environment and depression.

Aim and Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The prevalence of this Virus has had a variety of effects on different people in the community, with some people exhibiting a higher rate of self-care behaviors that can point to a variety of reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Health Locus of Control and Death Anxiety in predicting self-care behaviors related to the COVID-19 in the student population of Tehran. Methods and Materials: The present study was descriptive-correlation with predictive method. The statistical population of the present study was all students in Tehran in the academic year 1401-1400. Among them, 478 people were selected for the research sample by available sampling method and evaluated online with the Multiple Health Locus of Control scale (1978) and Death Anxiety scale (1970) through the social networks. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression via statistical package for social sciences version 26. Findings: The results showed that there are positive and significant relationship between internal locus of control, locus of control related to powerful others and death anxiety with self-care behaviors (p<0. 01) and there is a negative and significant relationship (p<0. 05) between locus of control related to chance and self-care behaviors. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis showed that research variables can only explain and predict 14% of the variance of the self-care behaviors of students in Tehran. Conclusions: In general, the findings of this study confirmed the more prominent role of the locus of control related to powerful others in predicting self-care behaviors related to the COVID-19 in students.

Aim and Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bullying control training on the healthpromoting behaviors of adolescent bullies: the mediating role of perceived social support. Methods and Materials: The study design was quasi-experimental with pre-and post-test and one-month followup with control groups. The statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old from public schools of District 17 in Tehran. 40 adolescents who were compatible with inclusion criteria and obtained a high score in the Harter bullying scale were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools consisted of the Perceived social support scale by Zimet et al. (1988) and the Health Promoting Behavior of Walker et al. (1987), which was completed in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and one-month followup) by both groups. The Bullying Control Education program was implemented at eight sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. Structural modeling with minor least squares approach was used in several multi-response patterns using SPSSV22 and SmartPLSV3. 3 software for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that Bullying Control Education had a positive and significant effect on Social Support and Health Promoting Behaviors in the post-test and follow-up phases. The results also showed that Bullying Control Education has an indirect and significant effect on Health Promoting Behaviors due to social support. The research model in the post-test phase was 51%, and in the follow-up phase, 54% of the variance of Health Promoting Behaviors. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the effectiveness of Bullying Control Education on Health Promoting Behaviors with the mediating role of Perceived Social Support is desirable. Therefore, teachers' knowledge, parents, psychologists, consultants, and other educational professionals from these variables can be helpful.

Aim and Background: The disorder of mood disorders is one of the mood disorders recently introduced in childhood and adolescence and has a relatively high prevalence of childhood disorders. The present study investigated the role of parenting styles and parent-child relationships in predicting disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Methods and Materials: This research is of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all boy students aged 9 to 12 years with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in Bushehr city (Iran) in 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 55 children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, selected by purposive sampling method, and 130 normal children with their parents, selected by a random cluster sampling method. Participants were assessed using a researcher-made anger and irritability questionnaire, the Alabama parenting questionnaire (APQ,Shelton, Frick, & Wootton, 1996), and The Pianta Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS,Pianta, 1992). Research data were analyzed using correlation and logistic regression and SPSS-24 software. Findings: The logistic regression analysis showed that among different parenting styles, positive parenting dimensions and corporal punishment are stronger predictors of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (p<0. 01). Among the sub-scales of the parent-child relationship, conflict and general relationships are significant predictors of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (p<0. 01). Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that positive parenting, corporal punishment, intimacy, conflict, and a generally positive relationship can predict disordered mood disorder, and one of the ways to reduce the disorder’, s symptoms can be interventions. Be based on parental education.