Scientific Quarterly of Rahvar
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:27 |Papers Count:8

Background and aim: The research was followed with aim of opening up and broadening views about the ahead possible futures of lawmaking and observing drivers' law in the city of Sanandaj, which was the focal point of research. Therefore, identifying possible futures or same scenario and finally explaining the desirable future of this, is The focal point of research goals. Method: The research is practical in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method and from survey and exploration branches. In terms of time of collecting required data is in kind of periodic or multi-sectional. The research also uses the methods of environmental monitoring, Dolphi method, interactive analysis method and, finally, writing scenario method based on futuristic methods. Findings: Based on the analysis of the obtained data, 39 effective factors were identified which, after analyzing the impact matrix-uncertainty-ultimately were placedin about 11 factors in a high effective situation, but unpredictable, which, after combining and morphology of these factors, ultimately were identified two key uncertainties and the four scenarios or the likely future are explained based on that. Suggestions: Some suggestions were made about the realization of a favorable scenario or a desirable future and a failure to implement a scenario or unfavorable future to the stakeholders, especially traffic in the city of Sanandaj.

Background and purpose: The present study was designed to identify the social and cultural factors affecting driving accidents among citizens of Tehran City. So, this research seeks to answer this question, which is the most important social and cultural factor affecting driving accidents? In relation to the research topic and the theoretical framework of social and cultural factors affecting driving accidents, in accordance with the combined views of Kakeram and Pervordrio in the field of cultural sociology, . has been studied the study of the most important cultural factor, namely the lifestyle and the most important social factor namely the social base on driving accidents in the theory model. The main objective of the research is to identify the effect of economic-social base and lifestyle on driving accidents. Method: The research method is descriptive and in type of survey which analyzes the data using descriptive and explanatory method. The Cronbach's alpha value for research variables, namely, social base, lifestyle, and lifestyle components was above 70%, which expresses the very appropriate validity for the conceptual variables of the research. Findings and conclusion: The results of binomial test in relation to the effect of the socio-economic base of individuals on driving accidents indicate that according to the significance level and error below 1% and with confidence of 99%, expresses the effect of the socio-economic base of individuals on driving accidents. Also, the results of binomial test in relation to lifestyle effects on driving accidents indicate that a significant level of over 5% indicates the lack of lifestyle effects on driving accidents. Therefore, overall research results show that social and cultural factors have a significant effect on driving accidents.

Background and purpose: In Iran, about a quarter of road accidents are motorcyclist, which accounts for a significant percentage of other vehicles that of this about 80% of motorcycle riders has been reported hit on head. In this research, focusing on motorcyclists has been done determine and analyze the effective parameters on the amount of helmet use among motorcyclists in Gorgan. Method: The study was used the data collection tool as a questionnaire which was arranged in two sections. . The first part containing the demographic characteristics of the participants and the second part contains 25 questions of the effective parameters in the use of helmet were surveyed from 393 motorcyclists in Gorgan. City. Data analysis were done using SPSS 22 software, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression tests. Results: The results of this research show that when motorcyclists are more likely to wear helmets from passages that they are not familiar with and when they are moving at high speed, as well as the warm weather conditions and being sultry, reduces the amount of using helmets among motorcyclists. Conclusion: According to a study, the intensity in law enforcement of the use of helmets for motorcycle riders as well as the design and construction of high quality helmet which does not lead to the excuse of people in different situations, can increase the amount of helmet use among motorcycle racers.

Background and purpose: vehicles traffic statistics are one of the most basic and most needed statistics in transportation management. Nowadays, numbers traffic is one of the new ways of instantaneous online information acquisition in traffic management. Despite the importance of installing such equipment, the most important issue and the concern is to determine the optimal location of their installation, so that the statistics can be counted to manage the roads. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to provide a model for locating the number of traffic in suburban roads, in order to extract the optimal amount of AADT. Method: After collecting field (Bandar Abbas-minab axis) traffic data of the case sample and statistical analysis of them, the problem is modeled using mathematical algebraic functions. The model presented in this study has been applied limitations such as geometric, physical and budget constraints on the objective function of the problem which in three separate modes, achieving the best path coverage is considered along with the lowest AADT error. Findings: Extracting number traffic statistics based on axis and the observation of the trend of traffic changes in 2017 revealed that traffic in may months was closer to the average annual traffic of axis. Also, on Sundays, Mondays and Sundays and from 09: 00 to 11: 00 and from 14: 00 to 19: 00, the most suitable options are for picking up and recording traffic. the coefficients of the hourly, daily, and monthly changes of traffic for each control point were determined using traffic data from A permanent counting place, then the corresponding hourly, daily and monthly traffic volume was calculated. With the obtained information, the AADT was estimated and the AADT axis was determined after the AADT estimate for each traffic control point. Finally, the most suitable function for locating the counting number was determined according to the three constraints, geometric, physical and budget available. Conclusion: According to the mathematical model, it can be concluded that increasing the number of traffic counters does not necessarily increase the accuracy of the AADT estimate. Sensitivity analysis showed that with the allocation of 2000 million rials for a period of 5 years, the most appropriate path coverage would be achieved with the least AADT error.

Background and aim: Motorcyclists are considered to be vulnerable groups of driving accidents, Many studies have been conducted on the driving disasters of this group which most of them are provided descriptive statistical analysis of the severity of accidents and repetition of accidents. On the other hand, workshop areas for pavement maintenance are usually planned during operation of the routes. Helping to manage and issue permits for repairing pavement in urban passages and identifying risky and sensitive areas for better management of such areas is one of the objectives of this research. Method: The research method used in this paper is a survey with statistical modeling. The statistical society of the motorcyclists traveling to the workshop area in the urban passages of Yazd, repair and disguise or covering pavement are ongoing in these passages that a total of 70 motorcycles were selected randomly, field survey and film preparation are used to collect data that were analyzed using statistical softwares of the completed data, The data normalization test detected that distribution of data is normal. Findings: The findings of the research show that the length and area variables of the workshop area affect the type of decision of motorcyclists in relation to their entry. The grouping of data in this study showed that segmentation of the decision of motorcycle riders in the entrance or non-entrance to the pavement maintenance area is statistically significant which depends on the workshop area and its length. Conclusion and suggestion: According to the findings of this study, the hazardous behavior of motorcycle rockers in entering the workshop area or changing their path depends on the geometric dimensions of the pavement restoration workshop. The area of the pavement repair workshop is 65% of the impact on the possibility of the transverse displacement of the motorcyclists, and the length of the workshop area with entrance to the workshop area is 60% effective. Therefore, the results of attention to the proper design and implementation of the immunization guidelines of the workshop area on urban passages are of the scientific and executive necessities. By correct choice of the length and level of pavement restoration workshops in the streets and urban passages, can be corrected part of the risky behavior of motorcycle riders.

The factors of accidents incidence are divided into three categories: human factors, environmental factors and vehicles. The main factor of accidents incidence is human factors. Considering the importance of human factors, the aim of this study was to predict driving risky behaviors based on driving risk perception and irrational beliefs of drivers. The statistical society included all drivers of public vehicles inside and out of city in the city of Bukan in 2018. A statistical sample of the study, included 303 drivers from public vehicles which were selected randomly in appropriate class. The research method was correlation. To measure variables, the Manchester driving behavior questionnaire for driving risky behaviors and the Alerg and Randomo risk perception Questionnaire for driving risk perception and Jones's irrational belief questionnaire (summarized) were used for non-rational beliefs. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Regression results showed that driving risk perception and irrational beliefs can predict driving hazardous behavior.

Background and aim: The escape rule of traffic laws and its consequences, such as deaths and injuries, based on statistics from police and medical centers in Iran, is a social issue that affects all levels of society in individual, family and nationality dimensions, and every year, it has many social and economic disadvantages. The aim of this paper is the sociological study of factors affecting the escape of traffic laws. Method: The present study is a descriptive-explanatory study and the dominant method is a quantitative-survey. The statistical population is selected among citizens over 18 years old and the sample size was with a confidence level of 96% and the error of 4% was calculated equal to 613, and the statistical sample of each city was estimated by considering the sample proportional to the population size of each city. Findings: The results show that all the variables entered in the equation have a direct effect on the escape of driving laws and regulations, which are respectively the amount of effect: legal awareness (0/139), social bonding (-0/134), anomy feeling (0/112) and procedural justice (0/086). The variables of awareness of the rules, procedural justice and social bonding with the escape rule have a negative relationship and the variable of the anomy feeling show a positive relationship with it. . Also, using the regression equation, it was determined that the implementation of procedural justice and in general, interaction and how the police officers interact (respectful treatment, neutrality), in comparison with anomy feeling, legal awareness and social bonding, have a greater contribution to their escape rule behavior. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is suggested that using mass media, boards, films, Holding training classes before and after obtaining a certificate, should be taken into account addressing the training of low age groups through schools, and more use of cyberspace to level of awareness and the knowledge of citizens about traffic laws. Also, with regard to the role and contribution of more share of procedural justice are provided to more training and practical of police officers in the relationship of respectful treatment and along with neutrality with offenders.

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals pollution caused by industrial activities and technological development have caused serious threats to the environment and public health due to the toxicity of these pollutants, their indissoluble biodegradation and bioassociaction. In this study, the concentration of four heavy metals of lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc in hair tissues of two experimental groups including traffic policemen and taxi drivers and control group including administrative staff and teachers in Sanandaj city were investigated. Method: In total, 120 samples of tissue samples were taken from the administrative officers (30 samples) and non-administrative (30 samples) from tax officers (30 samples) and teachers (30 samples). The concentration of heavy metals in these samples was measured using methods recommended in the standard method (3051 A) using the atomic absorption spectroscopy model (Biotec, Phoenix986) by graphite furnace method and flame method. Results: The results showed that the teachers had the lowest concentration of heavy metals in the tissue tissue than the other groups, and the traffic officers serving the city had the highest concentrations of heavy metals in the tissue. Based on the results of the comparison between the concentration of metals in the hair texture of the traffic police and the office staff, there was a significant difference between lead and zinc metal (p <0. 05). So that the concentration of lead and zinc metal in the tissue of the traffic police in the city was more than the administrative staff. Also, there was a significant difference between taxi drivers and teachers for all metals (p <0. 05). The concentration of metals in tissue tissues was more than the hair tissue of the teachers. Conclusion: According to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, other countries except Pb heavy metal currently do not threaten the traffic police of Sanandaj city.