Scientific Quarterly of Rahvar
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:25 |Papers Count:8

Background and aim: Research of the Effectiveness of confiscation of Certificate of Offended Drivers is carried out with aim of reducing road accidents in our dear country IRAN. Traffic accidents and deaths caused by it, are one of the daily news that is the most people in society injured in terms of financial injuries, personal injuries or psychological injuries. One of the ways to regulate traffic and reduce road accidents is appropriate and principled treatment with offending drivers that can be greatly reduced in accidents in accordance with the rules. Method: . This article is Descriptive-survey in kind of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is all drivers' certificates that were confiscated or seized because of a violation in the Arak city in the first 10 months of 1396. the statistical data recorded in the traffic police are used in order to study the variables findings: The results of this study indicate that the severity of dealing with violations and proper implementation of the rules by the traffic and driving officers, especially the confiscation of certificate of the offender drivers, can be effective in reducing the incidence of incident offenses and thus reducing the occurrence of accidents. Discussion and conclusion: In this research, all the research hypotheses were confirmed and the overall conclusion was that by correct implementation of the rules by the traffic and driver officers and confiscation of certificate of the offender drivers and their exclusion from driving have a direct impact on reducing the occurrence of violations, in particular accidental violations, as well as decreasing accidents.

background and aim: Due to the importance of driving accidents and the human factors that make it, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality, aggressiveness and driving risk perception factors and high-risk driving behavior. Method: This research is descriptive, of correlation type. The statistical population is all drivers of Qazvin city, among which 387 (315 men and 72 female) were selected as sample by available sampling method. from the short version of Neo Costa and McCrae's Personality Inventory, (1989), Bass & Perry Aggression (1992), Alberg's and Randemo driving risk Perception (2001) and Manchester Driving Behavior (1990) were used to collect information. Results: Neuroticism as a personality factor, as well as aggressiveness has been positively Meaningful relataionship to risky driving and The other personality factors, i. e. extroversion, pleasure, flexibility, and accountability, along with risk perception are negatively related with risky driving factors (lapses, intentional violations, mistakes, and unintentional violations). Also, 0. 33 of lapses, 0. 31 of intentional violations, 0. 26 of mistakes and 0. 23 of unintentional violations (high risk driving components) were predicted through personality traits, aggression and risk perception. Conclusion: It seems that personality factors, aggressiveness level, and risk perception are influential on risky driving behavior, and effective intervention may be useful in this regard.

Background and aim: The "risk index" models are used to identify and rank network risky components. In this research, the proposed models have been investigated to identify and prioritize the risky points in and out of the country and have been addressed their strengths and weaknesses. The aim of investigating these models is to achieve Comprehensive Methods for Identifying and Prioritizing accidental points of urban roads. Method: In this research, the proposed models have been investigated for identifying and prioritizing the accidental points and the parameters and the conditions and methods used in each one and have been addressed in the available vacuums in this regard. In essence, this is a review-comparison research of the models used since 1950, and shows its evolutionary trend. Findings: As a general finding, by using multivariate analysis (number and severity of accidents) and empirical and complete business models and involving more traffic and geometric parameters, the flexibility and the ability to generalize Newly developed models with the approach of using the risk potential tool, instead of the registered risks, can acquire preventive measures to occurrence of accident. Conclusion: Based on the review of the studies carried out and the progress made in the methods of harvesting and recording of accident data and routes, more precise models based on risk-model approach can be presented to identify and prioritize accidental points. And it is better to use multivariate analysis methods, in which the number of accidents is categorized according to the severity of accidents (fatalities, damage, etc. ), and did not care only to the coefficients of the accident severity and the functional category of the road.

Background and Aim: Different studies have pointed to the role of humans as the most important factor in the category of traffic disruptions, and in particular traffic offenses and traffic accidents, and mainly in road accidents Are known four factors: people, roads, vehicles and the environment as main components and the quality and quantity of displacements will be affected by these three factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching the control of excitement behaviors on reducing high-risk behaviors in driving. Method: The research method was semi-experimental and the statistical population consisted of all drivers with 30 negative points in the first quarter of of 1395. 102 drivers were selected. In this research, 60 drivers with 30 negative points were selected as available and randomly divided into two groups of 30 controls and the tests. Both groups first filled out the excitement questionnaire made by Zuckerman (1979), risk scale made by Buzadeh Mohammadi and AhmadAbadi (2009) and Driving Behavior Questionnaire made by Reason (1990). Then the experimental group participated at the training sessions while the educational control group did not receive training. In the end, the questionnaires were again run on both groups. from tests of multivariate variance analysis, multivariate regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. findings: The results of the research showed that there is a meaningful relationship between decentralization, excitement and high-risk behaviors; the excitement is the power of predicting high-risk behaviors, but the lack of concentration was not meaningful prediction for high-risk behaviors in driving, as well as the training of excitement control and has a significant effect focus on reducing the risk of committing high-risk behaviors during driving. suggestions: It is suggested that at the time of issuing the certificate, psychological factors are considered as one of the important factors in the issuance or renewal of certificates. certificates.

Background and Aim: One of the prerequisites for effective performance is that each worker will have a certain occupational competencies in accordance with his or her job responsibilities. The purpose of this study was to identify the professional skills of Traffic Police jobs to determine that each worker needs what kind of skills to do successfully jobs responsibilities and what skills they should have for each job. Method: Two questionnaires were prepared for collecting data.: A tasked questionnaire containing job responsibilities and a competency questionnaire containing 37 skills. These skills consisted of six skills in terms of content, process, social, technical, system, management and martial arts. In each job, between 5 and 7 certified employees were selected through targeted sampling method from 9 provinces to determine the importance and level of skills needed to perform their job tasks. Findings: The results showed that jobs with managerial and supervisory tasks, most require more content and management skills and bachelor's jobs such as an accident specialist, most require systemic skills and social skills. Conclusion: The number and level of occupational skills for some of the police jobs is more than the rest, and in order to improve these skills, some key jobs such as accidents specialists and accidents expert, specific training programs should designed to increase the level of designated skills.

Backgroumd and aim: Various reasons are involved in the occurrence of accidents, which knowing all of them is almost impossible. But by carefully studying this phenomenon, we can identify some of the main causes that have a greater role in the occurrence of this phenomenon. Since climate and environmental conditions have a significant impact on the severity of accidents. In this research, the estimation and investigation of the severity of single-vehicle accidents in different climatic conditions has been investigated in order to identify the effective climate and environmental factors. Method: the severity of the crashes is inherent in nature, sequential logit models were used for modeling. To get the final model, all variables were first entered into the model, Using the reverse move method, variables that were not meaningful enough were removed from the model. After modeling, sensitivity analysis was done on the final variables to obtain the effect of variations of each variable on the severity of single-vehicle accidents. The data of single-vehicle accidents on the Ahar-Kleybar axis were selected as statistical sample of the axes of East Azarbaijan province that the single-vehicle accidents in this axis included 225 damage accidents, 85 injury accidents and 14 fatal accidents. Findings and conclusion: In the final model of this axis, 5 independent variables were obtained, all which are discrete variables and was rejected the assumption of zero variable coefficients in this model. These variables include: air temperature variable more than 20 ° C, snowfall variable, rainfall variables over 6 mm, fall season variables and winter season variables. All variables obtained positive coefficients and had a direct relation with the increase in severity of single-vehicle accidents. Using these results we can estimate the probability of the severity of single-vehicle accidents in this axis for the desired day, and manage police monitoring, the readiness of releif and emergency forces. Also, the results of this prediction model can use dynamic traffic management, air alert systems, intelligent road safety management and vehicle speed limit management.

Background and aim: car accidents have claimed tens of thousands of lives and left hundreds of thousands of injuries in annual, So that the statistics of deaths and injuries of road accidents in the country exceed the number of deaths of all the natural and human disasters of the last half century of the Iranian plateau. Although the main cause of these accidents is human directly, however, human error is affected by many behavioral and psychological factors that affect the environmental factors including light and light, land use, intersections, lack of guides, traffic, road quality and. . . . When environmental factors become more important, they encounter dense points and a cluster of accidents in spatial analysis that a mass of human errors has gathered only in a few parts of the city. The purpose of this study was to identify clusters and accumulate accidents leading to injury and to identify environmental and physical factors affecting the spatial distribution of such accidents in Khomeini city. Method: In this research, which is applied in a descriptive and analytical method combination with causal method has been used to investigate the spatial distribution of traffic accidents leading to injury in Khomeini Shahr city in 2014. Then the density and clustering of crashes are caused and the necessary solutions are presented. Findings: Research findings in the field of spatial analysis of driving accident data leading to injury in Khomeini city indicate the distribution of cluster patterns. (Moran index equal to 0. 578 with p value = 000 represents the accumulation and high concentration of crashes in the city) that it is visible in five dense clusters in the eastern part of the city in the distribution of Getis-Ord General G. According to experts, the most important factors for creating these clusters are the shape of the passing, the plurality of intersections and land use of the site. Suggestions: Proposals have been proposed to reduce the focus of urban road clusters, which are most important for changing land use around these clusters, modifying passage, blocking narrow passages leading to nodes, securing, installing and constructing pedestrian bridges...

Background and aim: driving social behavior that puts a person in a particular situation that this situation causes some characters based on driver personality to be revealed more clearly and objectively. This study aimd to consider the factors related to the perception of driving among drivers of Yazd City. Methods: method used in this study was survey. The statistical population of this study comprised all the drivers Yazd that according to the Cochran formula, the sample size is estimated at 370 people. a researcher-made perception of drivers questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were collected using a questionnaire and simple random sampling method. The validity of the tool was confirmed by content validity method and for reliability measurement was used Cronbach's alpha coefficient was α-0/78. Pearson statistical tests, T-test, One-way analysis of variance, multiple regression and path analysis were used to analyze the data. . findings: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between culture, psychological factors and bad weather conditions with driving perception. However, there was no significant relationship between age, difference in driving experience and gender with driving perception. Conclusion: Based on the results of multiple regression, the strongest predictor of drivers' perception variables among respondents is the culture variable. This variable alone accounts for 19% of variance of driver perceptions. In the second stage, by entering the independent variable of psychological factors, 1/1 percent was added to the predictive power of the model. Therefore, the two variables entered into the model alone can able to explain 20. 1% of dependent variable variations of driving perceptions.