Scientific Quarterly of Rahvar
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:26 |Papers Count:8

Background and aim: Driving is considered to be essential for everyday activities such as work, travel, and fun and the right culture of driving creates discipline and a sense of calm in the lives of people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotionality, identity styles and driving culture in a society of high-risk and normal drivers. Method: The present study was conducted using a descriptive-correlational method in a society of high risk and normal drivers. The statistical population consisted of all drivers in Zanjan city and a sample of 160 male drivers (80 high risk drivers and 80 normal drivers) who were selected by purposeful sampling. questionnaire s of Manchester Driving Behavior, Zuckerman Excitement Scale and Brusonsky Identity Styles were used to collect data, and analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the research showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the excitement and the style of confused identity with driving culture, but in the normal drivers there is a significant negative relationship between informational identity style and commitment to driving culture and the excitement and confused identity style have a positive explanatory effect on predicting driving culture in high-risk drivers, But the commitment style is negatively able to predict driving culture in normal drivers and finally, a group of ordinary drivers had a higher commitment and a high risk driver group had more excitement and higher driving skills (high-risk driving). Suggestions: Considering the role of psychological factors in driving behavior and accidents, is recommended comprehensive training with emphasis on psychological factors among drivers before and after receiving the certificate.

Context and Goal: Forecast is one of the important tools in the hands of managers for strategic decision making. Shipping with all the benefits, but also injuries and significant losses associated with traffic accidents cause mortality and severe damage to life and property and the heavy consequences of social, economic, cultural and human societies is seriously threatened, which is important for future studies in the field of traffic accidents Method: In this study, using gray system GM (1, 1), gray circulation model RGM (1, 1), gray model FGM (1, 1), remained the same model, ARIMA time series model and the harmonic pattern As well as the use of statistical data the number of victims of traffic accidents in the province between March 2009 and February 2016, To predict the number of victims referred to the coroner province between 2017 and 2020 is discussed. For the accuracy of prediction accuracy indicator gauge is used. Findings and Conclusion: Mean absolute percent error for models GM, RGM, FGM, changes survivor, Arima and harmonics to predict the number of patients referred to the 0. 10, 0. 07, 0. 12, 0. 14, 0. 13 and 0. 15, respectively, indicating a more accurate method of RGM the anticipated number of patients referred to the coroner in the province of Zanjan. According to the results of the reference in the province RGM number of victims is declining. And the number of victims in the years 1398 to 2894 will reach people. the RGM, the best method to predict the number of disaster victims referred to legal medicine of Zanjan province compared to other methods of case study in this research, and managers and experts to predict with high accuracy can be used this way. Reducing the number of disaster victims referred to legal medicine represents the improvement of driving tips and actions and nested in the province is that we can continue with this approach to reduce the number of accidents and disaster more help.

Driving accidents are a part of traffic and transportation on roads that are always there, and they need to take measures to manage them. Note that attention should be paid to the fact that records show that a significant number of accidents are concentrated in particular areas, including slopes, arches and intersections of the road. Therefore, correcting and improving the safety of these points has the greatest effect in reducing road accidents and road deaths. This study is a kind of descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. The domain of research is all the two lanes main roads of the suburban of Iran, which have a critical situation based on the frequency of accidents. For this purpose, the information needed for accidents was prepared for a period of 5 years (from 2011 to 1394) and other data required was prepared through the road police of provinces and Road Management Center and in order to identify incident points were analyzed and evaluated using three criteria for identification of accident points Including frequency of accident, monopolistic financial loss index and empirical estimation. The results showed that the frequency of accidents tends towards high traffic areas and in addition, the severity of the accident is not considered in this method. In the methodology used to measure financial losses, the traffic volume and the nature of the accident are not considered, and they tend to lead to high-speed locations in suburban roads. However, the empirical approach to taking into account the accidental nature of accidents and the "return to average" in crashes data is more accurate than estimating the potential improvement (PT) of the accident points, and, in comparison with other methods, a suitable method for determining the points The accident occurred in the suburban roads, and finally, the analyzes carried out by the experimental approach showed that in the studied axes, the focus of the identified places is greater in the bolts and intersections.

Background and Purpose: This research in terms of purpose and nature is practical. In order to control and monitor the operation and functioning of the intercity public transportation navy, utilizing the ITS system named Intelligent traffic surveillance and traffic monitoring system of the road transportation navy traffic, which is briefly called (Sepahtan), traffic police designed in cooperation with the Ministry of Transport and Road Administration and using the private sector capacity and installed on all buses of the suburban public transportation navy at the end of 1395. One year after the date of using the system, it is necessary to consider whether Sepahtan. Has affected the safety of suburban public Transportation navy buses in the public transport sector. And if it's affected, how does it work? How much has it been? Method: Methods of data collection of this research is descriptive of evaluation type using the Ons two-pair comparison method in terms of its purpose and nature. The statistical population of this study consists of all accidents of public transport navy buses in the urban transport in the years 1395 and 1396 which the data are also available as a whole. By extracting the statistics and information related to the report, the number of 893 crash and fatal accidents of suburban buses, one year before the implementation of the Sepahtan plan and one year after its completion, were completed. The incident has been counted. Findings: Despite the fact that the number of bus fatal accidents (whether the Bus driver is to blame or not) has increased in absolute value in 1396 compared to 1395. But the amount of the violation that resulted in fatal, deaths, injury accidents, number of dead and injured, had been significantly reduced by bus drivers among travelers. This suggests the impact of the Sepahtan system on compliance with driving regulations by drivers of suburban the public transport navy, and the share of the driver's guilty mistakes in occurrence of driving accidents has been decreasing acceptance. Meanwhile, ITS (Sepahtan system) has increased the safety of suburban public transit navy buses.

Background and purpose: Road accidents are one of the main causes of mortality and severe financial and physical injuries. There are many factors in their occurrence. One of these factors is the environmental and climate variables. One of the most important atmospheric hazards that causes bad conditions for drivers, is limitation of field of vision, which occurs due to falling snow and rain, occurrence of fog and storm with dust. Usually, falling snow and subsequently frost, in comparison with the occurrence of the fog, create more risks for drivers, With the difference that the occurrence of snow and ice can be predicted with probability, and even if necessary, they can be controlled with equipment such as grenades and sprayers. But the fog is from atmospheric disasters, which is very difficult to predict, due to the time and place variations of this atmospheric phenomenon. Fog is one of the atmospheric phenomena that directly and immediately affects transport safety, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the probability of occurrence of visual limitation in East and West Azarbaijan provinces in order to manage safety and reduce road accidents. Method: In this study, the weather data related to the field of vision during the 20 years statistical period (1991-2010) and for the 13 synoptic stations located in the study area were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of the country, in order to investigate and study the occurrence probability of vision limitation and its effect on transport safety. Then, using statistical methods was studied days with a vision of less than 3000 meters in these stations and were extracted the probabilities of the relevant occurrence. Findings: The results of this study showed that the most probability occurrence of the field of vision of less than 3000 meters occurse in December, january and February months with a probability of 10 to 40 percent, and the least probability of occurrence occurs in the months of July, August and September with a probability of occurrence of 0 to 5 percent. In general, the most occurrence probability of the field of vision of less than 3000 meters during the year is related to Tabriz and Sardasht stations, and the least occurrence probability is related to the stations of Mianeh, Jolfa and Takab. Conclusion: given that the limitation of vision, especially due to the occurrence of heavy fog, is associated with a reduction in traffic volume speed on the road and an increased risk of road accidents, It is suggested that, while increasing the number of meteorological stations on the mountainous and foggy roads route of the country, It is recommended to prepare a national comprehensive Atlas of climate parameters affecting road transport.

Background and purpose: Walking is an inevitable mode of urban transportation and citizens are forced to take part of the route on foot in order to do daily work. In short trips choosing walking to the destination by users is the most important indicator in improving the urban traffic health. However, maintaining and improving the safety of pedestrian traffic is the most important factor in encouraging them to choose walking. Method: In this research, studying and investigating pedestrian crashes and effective factors in it in two crowded districts of Rash city we try to model pedestrian accidents to better understand the parameters affecting the safety of pedestrians. factor analysis and logistic regression have been used to model and determining the equation. The dependent variable here is the severity of pedestrian crashes (injury and futile) and independent variables are also effective factors in pedestrian accidents. In the first step, independent variables are classified according to their frequency in accidents (injury and futile) as new (group) factors for reducing variables. Then, the relationship between the new factors and the dependent variable in the equations is determined using logistic regression. Results: Results indicate that the pedestrian age have an inverse relationship with severity of accidents. Which means that injury accidents are reduced with the increase in the age variable. . Also from the temporal viewpoint, the highest injury accidents of pedestrians would occur in the second half of the year and end of the weeks that might relate to reopen the schools and universities and more traffic in these day. Suggestion: Particular attention should be paid to vulnerable age groups, mostly youth and adolescents. Also, due to the reopening of schools and universities in the second half of the year, and more student traffic in these two regions of Rasht, as well as atmospheric conditions, in autumn and winter, measures should be taken to reduce pedestrian accidents. On the other hand, by conducting training courses for pedestrians, promoting public awareness through mass media, building culture for the use of safe travel facilities such as pedestrians bridge, crossing pedestrian crossings, paying attention to traffic lights, etc., a positive step can be taken to reduce Pedestrians crashes.

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of driving hazardous behavior in Zahedan and its effective factors. Method: The research method was survey and 370 respondents were selected among the drivers and non-perpetrators involved in in-city accidents in Zahedan using systematic random sampling. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and inspired by Manchester High Risk Driving Questionnaire. Findings: The findings showed that the average dangerous driving behavior in the dimension of intentional violations is equivalent to 1. 8 in the range of 1 to 5 and in the dimension of unintentional violations is equivalent to 1. 9 in the range of 1 to 5, which is assessed at a low level (rarely). Conclusion: The results showed that the following factors, respectively, have the most direct or reverse effect on the general index of risky driving behavior: escape rule (direct effect), hostile driving (direct), the feeling of national and religious identity (reverse), number of fines in the last year (direct). following factors, respectively, have the most direct or reverse effect on escape rule: Social Needs (Direct effect), Driving History (Reverse), Legitimacy (Reverse), Attitudes toward the traffic Police (Reverse). following factors, respectively, have the most direct or reverse effect on social needs: Attitude towards the traffic police (reverse), life satisfaction (direct), critical thinking (reverse), fiduciary (direct). The researcher concluded that offender drivers should attend compulsory training courses and group discussion sessions to internalize driving norms and analyze problem solving techniques with critical thinking.

Background and purpose: In today's active, due to the increasing number of vehicles and their speed, driving accidenta have increased significantly, and deaths from accidents are now in third place in developing countries after cardiac disease and cancers. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive impairment, excitement and behavioral brain system among normal and involved drivers in driving accidents. Method: The method of study is a causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study consisted of all drivers of Urmia city in the second half of 2015. From this community, 120 people crashed and 60 people not-crashed have been selected by multistage cluster sampling as a sample group. The data were collected using a questionnaire of cognitive impairment, behavioral brain systems and excitement. Data obtained were analyzed using Multivariate variance analysis test (MANOVA ) and SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the average of excitement scores, behavioral activation system and cognitive impairment were significantly higher in crashed people than in normal people (p <0. 001). Also, the results showed that behavioral inhibition system was more in normal people than crashed people (p <0. 001). Conclusions: In this regard, it can be concluded that cognitive impairment, excitement and behavioral brain systems are the psychological factors involved in the ccurrence of driving accidents.