JOURNAL OF IRANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (JISDS)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:8

Network perception of social capital and its extension for state analysis is a subject that it has been less attended. Networks approach is one of four approaches to social capital theory. Considering the network as a valuable thing is the main idea of networks approach in social capital theory. According to this approach, social capital is relation resources collections which exist in social networks framework. The networks pursue particular goals but goals common denominator of all networks is access to greater share of scarce resources. So, political networks demand to seize a greater share of power that means the ability to make decision about the allocation of resources. State is the place of battle and positions in state are main subject of battle. The context of network politics analysis is the synthesis of social capital theory with network analysis means network approach to social capital with qualitative research methods (descriptive - analytical) and using the concepts of network analysis for state analysis as the most important political actor. This paper tries to draw the primary axes of network politics approach which is new insight of discussion about fragmented state in less developed countries.

The immigration phenomenon and particularly international immigration is discussed in many schools of thought. Some criticize this phenomenon and consider it against development and others consider a developmental approach for it. From the beginning years of the third millennium, we can see a positive change toward a south to north immigration. So, some intellectuals consider a high level role for immigrants in their birthplace development. The theoretical part of this article covers these thoughts from 1950s.The second aim is presenting a model for Iran. From the mid-1950s, the Laarestan and Laar cities’ population sent many immigrants to Arabian countries (GCC) which we try to find their ideas about the immigrants’ roles in Laar city development using a mixed method.

Justice and Identity are two controversial concepts which have been always among the concerns of different human sciences’ thinkers specially those of social sciences. The main problem of the research was exact and deep understanding of these two concepts, their relations and factors affecting them. Fulfilling these requirements, two paradigms of constructionism as well as interpretationalism were studied. In the former paradigm Giddens and in the latter Blumer were under the study. The findings show, based on Interpretationists’ point of view, there is no doubt in dialectic relation between Identity and Justice. Construction lists in the beginning did not point this relation. They gradually came to this conclusion that such a relation can exist.

To be developed or undeveloped has been long a challenge and a concern for sociologists, political elites and states during the contemporary history in the developing countries. In recent decades, developing and undeveloped countries have all tried to liberate themselves from the obstacles of non-development situations and provide better living conditions for their society through achieving economic development. To this end, these states have been facing with severe economic problems too. In early times, the states functioned as provider of safety and security to their societies. However, as the human relations go more complex the role of the governments, too, has extended to cover broader aspects including economic and non-economic activities.This remains a significant issue to determine the extent of the state intervention in economy. To respond the questions raised around the economic intervention policies of government, a number of schools and approaches have been emerged throughout the world. The fast economic growth in Turkey in recent decades has raised serious questions among people and scientific and political elites as to the reasons and method beyond this growth. The assumption of this research puts that a development- oriented government has come to office in recent three decades which has been able to achieve such growth via cooperation with private sector.

The rate of Immigration from rural to urban areas has been increased by process of modernization and urbanization as well. This immigration has a gender feature because it is men who mostly immigrate. Then despite decreasing in rural population, men’s population is decreasing more. This article is going to follow the consequences of this characteristic on gender division of roles and women’s situation in the masculine sphere of the Iranian rural areas. Understanding this situation a mixed method including documentary reviews and qualitative observation is designed. Data which is gathered shows that the sex ratio has decreased from the third development program till now. There is also an increasing ratio of unmarried women who are responsible for private and public sector of the rural areas while they may not have enough access to education and skills which make them empower enough to manage the process of food production in rural areas. As on unexpected consequences of developmental intervention, it is highly recommended to practitioners to pay more attention to the empowerment of rural women in Iran.

McLuhan believes that ‘the electrical circuit precipitates the time and space regime in global village and pales the other human works and collapse them on our heads.’ This idea declares that the communication technology has a great effect on todays’ human life as an element of globalization as in some cases it has changed the attitude, behavior and even humans’ identity. This research evaluates these effects on students in Sanandaj universities. In order to do that, using a sociological approach, theories and empirical try-outs about the relationship between media and identity have been assessed to build up a conceptual framework and research hypotheses. The statistical population is Kourdestan universities, medical sciences and Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. A sample of 197 individuals is taken with a proportional stratified sampling. The independent variables are collective media like radio, TV, press, internet and satellite and the dependent variable is collective identity in dimensions such as ethnic, national and international. The results show that the students have all three identities to some extent. Those who use more public channels, networks and websites and spend more time on them have more tendencies toward more public and global identity.

As human’s life is getting more complicated, the cities are developed; people’s life style experiences have changed. This causes man’s efforts to meet his daily needs get energized in a drastically high speed. This has enforced the presence of automobiles (personal or pubic) in individual’s and family’s life as a significant element which surely affects the overall development of one’s life. The negative effects of this phenomenon also cannot be neglected as in some countries of the world the number of people passing away because of car accidents surpasses the ones dying from deadly and lethal diseases. Considering the fact that Iran is accounted as one of the countries with highest number of lethal accidents around the globe, the present research aimed at studying the social factors affecting the occurrence of car accidents in Tehran, the capital of the country. The qualitative results of the study reveal that macro structural and managerial problems of the country in various aspects added to the injustice existing in the distribution of facilities and social necessities (e.g.: job, which causes the influx of millions people into and from Tehran daily) accompanied by the inappropriate and nonstandard roads and streets creates a lot of problems for the city and its residents. When this is enforced by the great number of automobiles moving in the city, social organization of the city moves to degeneration causing abnormality and lethal car accidents.It is clear that via employing long run plans, aiming at decentralization of the city, just distribution of the facilities, and changes in the macro structures and management of the country, in the strategic aspects might reduce social factors affecting the occurrence of car accidents leading to death in Tehran. In terms of short time application, wise management can discipline the present traffic regulations and supervise their implication so as to reduce the complications of these events negative effects of car accidents in the city. Some suggestions are as follows: continual supervision of regulations; presenting people and the police with information and trainings; enhancing social awareness, social vision, and the like.

The aim of this study is to assess the effective social and characteristic factors of tendency toward vandalism among high school students of Ahwaz city. The research method is survey and the data collection is done by a questionnaire. The statistical population is all the students of Ahwaz and a sample of 400 students is taken with a random multi-level stratified sampling technique.The result of the Pearson test shows that there is a significant relationship between the dependent variable (tendency toward vandalism) and some independent variables. The Pearson relationship between the dependent variable and the variables socialization in family, socialization by coevals group, socialization in school and age are -0.37, -0.28, -0.38, 0.009. The results of step wise regression show that socialization in family, socialization by coevals are the most effective factors on tendency toward vandalism. The result of path analysis also shows that variables socialization in family, socialization in school and age have direct and indirect effect on the dependent variable.