JOURNAL OF IRANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (JISDS)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:3 (15)|Papers Count:9

Marginalization and its problems came to scene more and more especially after the Second World War and became a trouble for urban managers. The important thing about marginalization is this phenomenon is the result of social and especially economic problems but also it cause other problems such as delinquency. Social harms are vast in Iran and it entails problems such as addiction, drug smuggling, suicide, divorce, crimes, violence, hurt children like work kids, runaway girls, prostitution, beggary, thieving and etc. in this research the main problem is the recognition of causes of social harms. The research method is survey with the use of questionnaire and interviews. The data analysis is done by SPSS. A sample of 374 of family heads of marginalized in Khak sefid is taken by Cochran’s formula and the researcher compared them to the same amount of non-marginalized families in 4th province. The results show that among social harms sexual delinquencies, thieving and lack of security were most of concern. The most important request of the residents is more effective police force in Khak sefid and fast decisions about curing plans and effective social interferences.

Generally, about the evolution and development in social sciences, we are confronted with some scientists who evaluated the theme of development more professionally. These intellectuals which most of them were economists and structural sociologists have been trying to theorize in more practical sense and in fact in order to eradicate the backwater of many countries in the world, they have tried to present healer solutions.These solutions which were accompanied by theoretical debates were discussed through the decade after the Second World War. These thoughts share the formation of today scientific ideas of social-economic development. Among many different schools of thought in social sciences, structuralism has a special kind of importance. Utilizing the concept of structure in the history of sociological thought emerges in the 19th century.Durkheim, for the first time talks about the structure of the formation of group and Marx defines the infrastructure and superstructure. In this article, we try to review the ideas of structural scientists and present a summary of the school itself with the use of predicative and library methods. Following that we study the concept of development and developmental intellectuals and finally reach a conclusion from this totality of theories. The results show that classic and contemporary intellectuals in theorizing concepts of development have had a whole and a systematic point of view. So a structural way of thought has always been a major part of development theories.

In today’s world, the need of organizations of thought and creative forces has increased due to the complexity and bounce of competition environment. Some new ways should be emerged through motivation among employees so the organization could finally reach higher levels. This article studies the empowering mechanism of human resources in sport organizations management as an appropriate method in motivating people and affecting the organization. What are the empowering mechanisms of human resources in sport organizations management? First, from the elements of empowering, we discuss the citizenship behavior concept and then the servitor leaders and its characteristics and finally we evaluate the relationship between managers’ services, social capital and empowering and employees’ productivities. The theoretical framework entails empowering approaches, mechanical approach, and organic approach, psychological dimensions of empowering, four-factor empowering pattern, Robbins empowering pattern, and social capital and empowering and organizational citizenship behavior. And finally we reach some conclusions.

One important step in culture recognition in a society is recognizing education, patterns and its methods. The educative patterns have a great role in making active effective people or otherwise passive and inefficient people. One great trouble for human beings has always been transferring heritage and human knowledge from a generation to the next one which is the main reason for cumulativeness of material and moral accomplishments. Education and socialization is vital in today’s world and recognizing the patterns and educative methods helps in a more substantive planning. Iran’s society is experiencing a new era of social terms and educative patterns are changing fundamentally. In this article we used the economic-social data of families from Iran’s statistical center which were gathered with the help of France scientific research center and executed a second data analysis on them to investigate the educative methods in different provinces. The results show that there is a significant difference between different ethnicities, education and social groups regarding education and socialization.

Alienation is a structural issue in a society which influences all people. Alienated people face psychic illnesses whom either are excluded by society or the society lost all its norms and led people toward nihilism and isolation. In this research we try to explore effective cultural and social factors on social alienation. The research method is survey with the use of a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is the citizens of Givi city and a sample 0f 300 is taken by Cochran’s formula and a disproportionate stratified sampling technique. The analysis use a parametric statistics such as Pearson and independent t-test. The results show that there isn’t a significant relationship between place of residence, religiousness, media and alienation and also there is a significant relationship between social superstitions, gender, economic-social base and alienation.

The cultural development is an index of societies self-believing. Cultural development should answer the materialistic and spiritual needs of society through considering regional and national values. The main aim of this study is the investigation of structural obstacles of cultural development in Iran. The reasoning of this research is that traditional culture, autocracy culture, Iranian tradition and cultural delay which is the result of unbalanced and heterogeneous social system, are among obstacles of cultural development in Iran. The research method is predicative and the data is collected by note taking from books, articles and documents and finally analyzed by descriptive-analytical methods and theoretical perceptions. The results show that the cultural development status in Iran is not favorable as a result of traditional culture, autocracy culture, Iranian tradition and cultural delay. Also, unbalanced and heterogeneous social system in Iran is found to be the obstacle of cultural development in Iran.

The aim of this research is to recognize the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction among welfare organization employees in Kermanshah. The research method is survey. The statistical population is all welfare organization employees in Kermanshah which is 370. After checking the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the data is analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that among background variables, only education has a significant relationship with job satisfaction and age, gender, marital status and income don’t have any relationship with gob satisfaction. Based on the results, all variables such as social capital, social trust, social participation, inter-individual trust, generalized trust, institute trust, formal participation and civil participation have a direct and significant relationship with the dependent variable (job satisfaction).

The aim of this research is to evaluate the amount of social trust and its typology as well as the effectors on in in Saari city. In order to do so different theories around social trust is studied and theories of Tonnies and Giddens are used for the construction of theoretical framework. From Giddens point of view, trust is of three kinds: profound trust, generalized trust and abstract trust. And the effects of being Gesellschaft-like variable and economic-social base variable are evaluated. The statistical population is above 20 years of age individuals in Saari city and a sample of 320 individual is taken. After checking the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the data is analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The research results show that either high or low level of economic-social base doesn’t have any effect on the amount of social trust in society. Being Gesellschaft-like society and its characteristics affects the amount of social trust; the more being Gesellschaftlike society, the less the profound trust and more the abstract trust. With Scheffe and Duncan tests, it becomes clearer that abstract trust has a higher mean than the other two in society.