CROP PRODUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 (SERIAL 11)|Papers Count:6

This experiment was conduct in semnan, in 2010-2011 cropping season, using split split plot arrangement in a complete randomize block designe with three replications.Main irrigation systems to limit watering were included full irrigation (l1), irrigation up to First flowers open (l2) and irrigation up to Beginning of heading (l3). The manure treatments including the control one (P1), using seaweed 2 lit per hectar (P2), using humic acid 2.5 lit per hectar (P3) and simultaneous using of the seaweed and humic acid (P4) were counted on secondary aspect. The spraying process was done into two series. Speedfeed (S1) and Pegah (S2) results were also included as secondary aspects. The results were indicated that the studying aspects including catalase, peroxidase and proline were affected by the stress clearly. It became obvious that the levels of catalysis, peroxidase and proline were increased under the stress conditions. In case of studying the fertilizer’s effect on the mentioned aspects, it became clear that all the aspects were affected by the fertilizer in a way that all the three aspects were the highest in control conditions (without spraying). Studying the number effect on the aspects showed that the Speedfeed number was higher in catalase comparing with Pegah activity.Generally Most of antioxidant enzymes and proline were stress conditions without spraying.]

Drought stress is one of the important risk for successful production and of the modern cultivars resistant to arid and semiarid regions is essential to consider. In order to study gas exchange and water relations and its effect on yield of red beans in drought conditions, an experimental was split plot as randomized complete block design with four replications. Main plots was stress included two levels in irrigated normal conditions and drought stress after flowering phase was applied based on soil moisture curve and sub plots was Four cultivars including: Naz, Akhtar, Drkhshan and Syad. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in traits of cultivars including photosynthesis rate, Co2 concentration below the stomata, the mesophilic conductance and relative water content The cultivars that the rate of photosynthesis, transpiration intensity, and relative water content and the mesophilic conductance were high and Co2 concentration below the lower stomata had lower in drought conditions had showed a higher grain yield. Says cultivars in terms of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, the mesophilic conductance and relative water content than other cultivars under stress showed a better response under stress conditions. Cultivars of Drkhshan and Naz had showed more vulnerable in terms of stress conditions the above characteristics. Naz cultivar also had lowest concentration of co2 below the stomata under stress conditions in cultivars. Grain yield had significant and positive correlation with photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate; relative water content of the mesophilic conductance vice versa with Co2 concentration below the stomata had showed no significant and negative correlation. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of stress levels, cultivars and their interaction on grain yield were significant at the 1% level. In mean comparsion the grain yield had significant difference in normal conditions.

This study was planned to investigate traits and forage yield of Triticale cv. Javaniro experienced by nutritional stress of nitrogen and phosphorus. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replicates was implemented in the paddy fields of the Rice Research Institute of Rasht during 2010-2011 growing seasons. Main plots were assigned to nitrogen fertilizer at five levels of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha (urea- first factor). The sub plots devoted to levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha of super phosphate-second factor). Output results showed that there was a significant difference between nitrogen amounts in terms of fresh and dry forage yield. Using 200kg/ha nitrogen increased the average yields to the highest levels of 22166.7 kg/ha and 5604.3 kg/ha for fresh and dry forage yield, respectively. In addition, applying 200kg/ha nitrogen and 150kg/ha phosphorus produced the highest crude protein by means values of 17.39% and 14.78% for, respectively.The highest digestible dry matter contents in average were those of the 200 kg/ha nitrogen the lowest acid detergent fibers (ADF-25.61%) and neutral detergent fibers (NDF-43.45%) were attained. Using 200 kg/ha nitrogen and 100 kg/ha phosphorus the highest Ash by mean values of 9.83% and 8.62% for respectively. Accroding to the results, 100 kg/ha phosphorus and 200 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer due to the increasing of fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, crude protein, digestible dry matter, and decreasing of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and cost saving in the compsumption of fertilizers are recommended for cultivating (Triticosecale Wittmack var. Jvaniroo) in paddy fields of Guilan.

Drought is the most damage for agronomic crops product in Iran and world. In order to study drought stress in wheat lines and varieties, fifty genotypes received to international research center Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT) have been evaluated in experiment with Alfa Lattice design in two replication in karaj and Kermanshah research stations. received data in stations were used to calculation of drought tolerance and sensitive index and principal component analysis and Bi- plot graphic selected 22, 27, 41, 11, 35, 45, 30 genotypes more determined as the toleranct genotypes with high yield and MP, GMP, STI was introduce the best selected indices in study that in index between GMP and STI index relative to MP index indicated higher correlation in stress condition but MP index indicated higher correlation with normal condition relative to GMP and STI.

In order to evaluate the application of potassium and zeolite on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of turnip (Var. Gold rush) in drought stress of the end of season a factorial experimental design based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications was conducted in Ismail Abad Agricultural research station (Qazvin, Iran) during 2010-2011 cropping season. The factors were three levels of irrigation (control, cut irrigation from flowering stage to the end and cut irrigation from podding stage to the end), three levels of potassium (K2O) including control, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 and two levels of zeolit (control, 10 Ton. ha-1). The results drive from the experiment showed that the effect of irrigation, potassium and zeolit on plant height, number of pods in main stem, main pods lenght, thousand grain weight and harvest index was significant at 0.01 probability level. Mean comparison for main measured traits showed that maximum plant height, number of pods in main stem, main pods lenght, thousand grain weight and maximum harvest index was obtained respectively from normal irrigation (control), third level of potassium (100 kg.ha-1) and second level of zeolit. Effect of irrigation × potassium on plant height, main pods lenght, thousand grain weight and harvest index was significant at 0.01 probability level so that the maximum plant height and pods length respectively gained from normal irrigation by applied 100 and 50 kg.ha-1 potassium (175.1, 173.4, 8 and 7.8 cm). Maximum thousand grain weight (4.4 and 4.2 g.) and maximum harvest index (25.6 and 25.5%) was respectively for normal irrigation by applying 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 potassium. Effect of irrigation × zeolite on harvest index was significant at 0.01 probability level so that maximum harvest index obtained (25.61%) by applying normal irrigation and 10 Ton.ha-1.

In order to study the practicing of drought stress and normal irrigation effect on Canola some spring cultivars seedling emergence and establishment, The experiment as a Factorial in Randomize Compelete Blocks with 4 replications, was conducted in Experimental Field of Islamic Azad University Takestan Branch. Experimental treatments are the seed produced in normal irrigation (S1) and drought stress in floral stage (S2) with cutting irrigation of floral time until cutting maturity of ten cultivars of Spring Canola consists of RGS003, Sarigol, Option 500, RGS006, 19_H, ORS 3150-3006, ORS 3150-3008, RG 4403, RG 405/03 and RGAS 0324. Some germination seed and seedling viability traits such as Final Seedling Germination Percentage, Mean Emergence Time (MET), Field Emergence Rate (FER), Cumulative Emergence Rate (CER), Field Emergence Index (FEI), Longitudinal Vigour Index and Weight Vigour Index (SVI1 and SVI2) studied. The results of the variance analysis showed that the Final Seedling Germination Percentage, Mean Emergence Time, Field Emergence Rate, Cumulative Emergence Rate, Field Emergence Index were under effected on drought stress. The means comparison results of drought stress and cultivar interaction on investigated traits showed that the cultivars of RG 405.03 produced in drought stress conditions and RGAS 324 had the most SVI1 and seeds of Option500 produced in normal irrigation had the most SVI2. On the whole, it can be concluded that drought stress on investigated cultivars of mother plant caused to reduce seed quality.