Cultural History Studies (Pejuhesh Nameh Anjoman-e Iraniye Tarikh)
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The collapse of the Safavids and taking power of the Afshars brought about civil insecurity, internal conflicts and economic crisis, especially during Nader's reign. These affected all segments of the populations, but ethnic and religious minorities had suffered more other groups, due to their disapproval of overall policy of central government, particularly toward minorities.This paper will investigate the sufferings of Armenians as manifestation of the government's policy toward religious minorities during the reign of Nader.

Rashid al-Din-e vazir, the minister and philosopher of the Ilkhanid period in response to economic and social crisis, (caused by the Mongol's attack) launched fundamental reforms. These reforms benefited both the government and people. This article will analyze the importance of interests and well beings of people in the system of thought of Rashid al-Din.The article argues that interests and well beings of people was pivotal in the system of thought of Rashid al-Din. Based on the unity between methaphical world and mundane world, he believed that through reforms we are able to transform "methaphical utopia system" to "mundane utopia system.

Coming to power of the Baburids to political arena of India was coincided with strong influence of Naqshbandi Sufis group at the time. Specific viewpoints of Naqshbandi leaders on the necessity of relations with rulers and kings and their significant position in the Timurids and Baburids’ court increasingly brought about their influence. In fact, intellectual and political influence of Naqshbandis on the Timiruds is clearly traceable. Two important events, one Akbar's religious reforms and its consequences and the other the religious policy of Urangf Zib are manifestation of this influence. This paper will study intellectual and political effects of leaders of Naqshbandi and their interactions with the Brburids' court.

Many historians based on the existing sources, ascribed Akhbar Wulat Khurasan to Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Ahmad al-Sallami al-Bayhaqi, the historian of the 4th/ 10 century, but these histrians have undermined the contradictions and ambiguities in the historical scources regarding this matter. Also another book entitled al-Nutaf wa al-Turaf, is ascribed to Bayhaqi. However, neither of these two books is found.This article is a critical look at the existing works which ascribed al-Nutaf wa al-Turaf to al-Sallami. Considering that the book is not existed, the paper will use those sources that contain the text.The author argues that the book under study had been known books that were frequently cited until the 6th century, but many parimary sources do not confirm ascription of this book to Abu- Ali Hussain al-Sallami. Moreover, some Shi'i scholars of medieval period claimed Abu Abd Allah al-Salami as the author of the al-Nutaf wa al-Turaf. Perhaps they mean Abu al-Hasan Abd Allah ibn Musa al-Salami al-Akhbari who wrote on history of rulers. But this ascription might be because of resemblance of the works of these two authors. All these evidences raise doubt about the reliability of the claims of contemporary historians about the author of Wulat Khurasan.

Written heritage, apart from its belonging to whom, are pieces of the human knowledge. Finding and introducing them help to illuminate the dark points of intellectual history of the world. On the other hand, Badakhshan is a land with specific natural conditions: its high mountains, dangerous passes, nine months cold winters, and a specific location, which has made it a meeting point of four old Asian civilizations: Iran, India, China, and Central Asia. This land always was a suitable place for expelled people of all of these countries, not only people but also ideas have come and stayed here. They were not remained side by side, but mixed together. May we find this mixing beliefs and ideas through the manuscripts of this people? This work, through an area study, has found and criticized some unknown Ismaili manuscripts of Badakhshan.

The Kurdish Izadian in Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Armenia is one of the oldest religious groups in the region. Some of historical sources have named it Yazidiah. But other sources and members of this group have called themselves Izadi or Izadiah. This article will investigate the correct name of the group and also will analyze the root of its beliefs. The author argues that system of beliefs of Izadiah was a mix of Zoroastrian and Islam, Judeo-Christian beliefs and Izadiah is the correct name of this religious minority.

According to sociological findings city physical characteristics are reflection of its social structure, in other words, social system and physical structure of cities are related to each other. Therefore, through investigation of city approach analyses and examining of physical form and structure of cities we can study their social system and citizen relations.This article will study the structure of city of Ray during the Seljukians as the center of interactions of thinkers and ulamas. The paper specifies that the city during this historical period divided into three sections, and each section contained its own population structure and social relations. The paper argues that condition brought about deepening of segregation of various groups in this city, which eventually faced with social crises that increasingly threatened the city life.