PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

Different attitudes towards infertility cause different kinds of emotional disorders. In different cases researchers reported impulsive behavior, depression, inability, anxiety, phobia and negative beliefs in infertile women. The present research deals with the effects of infertility and its impression on sexual disorders and wife abuse of unproductive married women of Mashhad. A descriptive and comparative-scientific method of research was used for this study. In May and June of 2009, 200 females (100 fertile and 100 infertile) were randomly chosen from the clients of the medical clinics of obstetricians. Through achieving their consent, they were asked to fill a questionnaire of violence in families, disorders and sexual satisfaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Also, t, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and variance were calculated and analyzed. Findings showed that infertile women receive more mental, physical and economic violence than fertile ones, whereas there is no meaningful correlation between any kinds of wife abuse with sexual disorders of infertile women. Also, there is no meaningful correlation between the fertility of women and their educational ranks. Infertility of women can cause different kinds of sexual disorders which expose them to mental, physical and economic violence by their husbands.

Though nowadays women architects comprise a great part of the architectural community, they are not good in the areas of research, educational, administrative and professional authority and they are not worthy enough in contribution to the field of management. Managers and employers for many reasons such as family responsibilities, less physical strength and belief in the inability of monitoring and supervising, consider women as inappropriate to attend workshops and executive matters and in the same conditions, they prefer males for such matters. So it leads women to work just in office. In this context, through studies on the current situation of women in Iran and the world, the different obstacles women face are investigated and some solutions are introduced. The limitations and obstacles women face are collected and have been discussed in three main parts: personal barriers, institutional barriers and social barriers.

This article deals with the consequences of the growth rate of females entering the higher education in Iran over the last decade that affects social and economical planning for developmental trends in future. Therefore analysis of findings indicates inequalities in rate of male and females’ graduation and their incorporation in work place is not according to the need of professional human resources. This phenomenon affects the roles of females in family, their status in decision making, relationships with their husbands and the education of children.

Considering the theoretical and empirical literature, the present study tries to take a different view to the topic of veil. Against the previous researches that have separated veil and social security, the present study goes through the relation of veil and social security among women. Since women’s veil is one of the main elements of our value system, its different forms can result in some consequences. The anti-Islamic coverings can prepare the ground for some norm breaking and a good chance to social threats. So such studies are of great importance. The samples of the study were 1000 women of Tehran that were chosen through cluster sampling from the public places. The information was gathered through questionnaire and interview. The findings were analyzed through statistical procedures such as Pearson Contingency Coefficient and F. They show that there is a significant relation between the form of veil and the level of social security, the kind of the threats they faced and the feeling of having social security. Also, the results from the virtual regression show that the variance of the social security based on the form of veil was 0.22.

The unique features of new technologies in communication including internet have led to different functions in various areas of life. The current research intends to study how internet as a new communication medium contributes to women’s social status. It was carried out through the survey method. The data were gathered using a questionnaire. Here, internet was used as an independent variable and variables such as “women’s self confidence and independence”, “reflection of life developments”, and “interactions between women”, were used as dependent variables to measure women’s promotion in the society. SPSS was used for data analysis. Findings showed that internet helps people attend anywhere any time, if needed. It increases independence and self confidence. Attending the virtual environment, women reflect their personal aspects of lives. It leads to reduction of social separation and women’s interactions with the same ideas. Through internet, women can increase their knowledge as members of information community. Using opportunities provided by internet and through social participation, changing believes and traditional thoughts, they can increase their social participation and consequently stabilize their status in the society.

Based on historical documents and texts the former civilizations of different dynasties of the world, especially the dynasties of Medians, Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid in ancient Iran, veil was common among women. The fact is clear that veil didn’t enter Iran by the arrival of Islam. In fact Iranian women had veil from the ancient period. Considering the climatic factor as wall as the social, professional and some other factors, their veil had a particular style. All this documents and texts show women’s style of having veil which can be seen, in ancient period, by the help of the remaining historical inscriptions and protected sculptures and statues in museum, and in post- Islamic periods through authentic sources such as Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh which are reflections of the Iranian culture.

In recent years, internet as a new communication tool has transformed human life. Based on factors such as level of development, culture, etc, each country makes a different use of it. Considering the importance of how to use the internet, this article tries to identify the extent and type of internet use and gender gap among the male and female students of Yazd University. Therefore first we classified fields of internet use into 6 categories of science, information, communications, official services, fun and art. Then we designed a questionnaire and gave it to a sample of students of Yazd University in order to collect the necessary data. Finally data was analyzed using statistical parametric tests. Outcomes show that female students of Yazd University use internet averagely 2 to 5 hours in month but male students of Yazd University use internet more than 15 hours in month. The fields of internet use among females are information, communication, fun and art, but internet use among males includes science, communication, information and art. Also at the end, using the Internet according to gender, the samples were ranked using TOPSIS technique. In order to improve the status of internet use (extent and type of use) in students some suggestions are presented.