PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Movie or the Seventh Art is the only art that uses other arts in order to produce movies and present them to its audiences. Movie can be the most effective art of the present time. The magic effect of this art is so great that it is considered as one of the effective public media that has affected social groups such as family. Thus the attitude toward this changing social instrument can affect the type of these changes. The cross–sectional study presented a picture of the relationship between couples in movies of the recent decades. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis method has been chosen as the common method of research in literary texts and art. All of the family related movies have been considered as the statistical sample (1999-2009). The movies have been chosen according to three factors of being best seller, the presence of couples relationship and being family related. The results showed that there is not enough attention to the couples’ relations in these movies. The quality of their relations and the time concerning their relations are limited. Also, separateness and emotional and physical distance of the couples beside physical and mental challenges of the couples have been highlighted that is in line with feministic ideas.

This study aims at identifying the educational needs of women working in local learning centers which include teaching skills, educational media and basic skills (occupational and life skills). This is an applied research and descriptive-survey method is used. To collect the data three different questionnaires and interview were used. 88 women working in these centers were investigated in this study. To analyze the data, ANOVA, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results of the first stage revealed that these women needed educational programs, educational facilities, and appropriate educational places. The results of the second stage revealed that these women didn’t have the required skills for teaching. They also didn’t have any skills concerning the use of educational facilities and tools, and if they had a higher degree and more experience, they would have had more skills in teaching. The results of the third stage obtained from the Delphi method, revealed that the educational skills of these women included the skills concerning the methods of teaching, educational designing and using educational tools.

By introducing new assisted reproductive technologies to the scientific world, the ethical issues are drawn. One of the issues is anonymous donation of gamete. Each country has its own law for anonymous donation. Some permit it and some don't. Antagonists introduce some reasons against it such as the right to know, necessity of knowing medical background, avoiding incest, decreasing the level of confidence/identity problem of child and analogy between adaption and anonymous donation. Pros have some reasons such as unimportance of genetic relation, protecting family unit, protecting child and parents against society's reaction, destroying child-parent relation, reproductive liberty and privacy, creating new kinds of family, creating training system for the child and decreasing child's stress about genetic relation. A library research method has been used and both English and Persian sources have been considered.

The question of the present research is about determining the relationship between female teachers’ gender beliefs and expectations, and elementary school students’ verbal, mathematical and social learning in Isfahan in 2010- 2011 academic year. The research method is descriptive-correlative and the statistical society consists of female teachers in Isfahan. Amongst them 184 teachers were chosen randomly as the sample. Two elements were applied to gather data. The first one was students’ average in verbal, mathematical and social learning and the second one was a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability rate of gender-belief questionnaire and gender-expectation questionnaire were estimated 0.88 and 0.96. The results demonstrate that there is no meaningful relationship between teachers’ gender belief and students’ verbal and mathematical learning but there is meaningful relationship between teachers’ gender beliefs and social learning. There is no significant relationship between gender expectations and verbal and social learning. There is significant relationship between teachers’ gender expectations and mathematical learning, which as teachers’ gender expectations rise, students’ mathematical learning increases.

Feminism is one of the recent controversial issues, which has made vast development in individual, family and social duties and rights of women. Paradigm of feminism has brought harmful consequences to family which has led to its destruction. Since one of the ways of probing the problem in the paradigm system is considering the consequences and followings, in this essay we have considered the moral consequences of feminism in western societies and their reflection on family. At the end the Islamic paradigm is considered as the most suitable pattern for Islamic Iranian life. We want to present strategies because unfortunately feminism paradigm has entered our country. So, in this essay all of the events and changes which appear in the style of individual family and social life of women and belong to the feminism school are presented. The results of feminism include sexual revolution, advertising homosexuality, family phobia, emphasizing abortion, discarding hijab and virtue, and rejecting ethical values.

Mother is the center of union in family and has a root position in nature, so that creation and nature is stablished upon it and this existence does not change; so based on the root position of mother, God has decreed for her a certain dignity and in its general aspect, God has renounced losses and reluctance from her. On top of all religions, Islam has a special attention to mothering. Although religious texts are based on teaching and general principles of mothering, contemporary society has a tangible need to review mothering position and its effects in micro-level religion patterns in order to provide accessible patterns. The main question of this paper concers the mothering mission in sharia and whether this mission could be categorized in this domain and the centeral point of this mission is based on what factors. In order to answer these questions, we studied the mothering position and mission in sharia and provided mothering mission in three levels (macro, mid and micro-level). So, in the first part we studied sharia intentions and in the second part the relationship between this approach with mothering is studied. The result of this paper was that motherhood of women is placed in the paradigm of their capabilities, and this is pure justic that woman on her physical characteristics becomes mother, also mothering purity in the protection of five interests is the central point in Islamic and sharia intentions approach, because mother is divine trustee and has unique and worth position in maintaining family cohesion.

Mothering role is a valuable expression of women in the world. Mothering and femininity are two concepts; there is a complex relationship between them. Although mothering is a social estate with high value and mainly women are expected to accept this role, the real function of it still has remained invisible. Meanwhile, religions and psychology are the fields that have described mothering and its position in two distinct paradigms. Religion as an institution, that a person build his or her belief on it, has a determining role in turning point of women as mother and offers an approach with respect. Also psychology as an applied science that studies behaviors and mind processes has a challenging and object-oriented approach to the presence of mother in individual life, so can be both effective and destructive. This paper has tried to study mothering in a comparative way in psychology and religion to understand different and similar points.