Journal of Comparative Linguistic Research
Year:2020 | Volume:9 | Issue:18 |Papers Count:12

Literature as mentioned in this article is a subsidiary of art, truth and beauty. This type of art in Iran and Persian culture has more interpretation to poetry. Literature like any other phenomenon has an origin that has been studied. The so-called blunder as particular theme about a hundred years ago in Freud's lecture as a theory was used. In this article, the author has tried to explain each of these two terms, between the two (literature and blunder) in terms of origin, both in terms of function and role, and they will find links theory and examples Literary objectively explain. In this article, the author has tried to explain each of these two terms, between the two (literature and blunder) in terms of origin, both in terms of function and role, and they will find links theory and examples Literary objectively explain.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the Polysemy of the verb break in Farsi language based on Fillmore's Frame Semantics (1982). The research methodology that is qualitative would be descriptive-analytical. The data were analyzed through Fahang-e-Sokhan (2003) and interviewing with speakers. The present study seeks to answer these questions, which are the semantic frames of the verb "break" first. And how do these semantic frames are obtained when combined with other phrases? Also the authors have distinguished its primary meaning and also peripheral meanings of this verb. The research findings show that this intended verb has 40 different semantic frames. The meaning of "crack and stroke" as the prototypical frame and meaning and its other semantic frames in seven sub-frames such concepts as "Sadness", "Value and Respect", "End", "Semantic Reduction", "Polysemy", "Pressure" and "Metaphoric" are used as peripheral meanings by Persian speakers.

Dialectometry is a statistical branch of dialectology. This sub-field of linguistics studies language variation using the methods of statistics in a geographical zone to determine the relative boundaries of dialects. This paper, using some established methods in dialectometry, tries to represent a proper distribution of language varieties in Chardavol area in Ilam province, and in addition to capture a whole picture of linguistic-geographic correlations in the area, introduces methodology of calculation of linguistic distance of some specific places. Linguistic data, gathered from 35 sites based on Swadesh list, after being combined with geographical data, have been analyzed using Gabmap software.

This study explores the discourse marker of Ar-e-Na in Persian. To this end, 180 files of telephone conversation from Bijankhan corpus and other data from radio and television interviews have been used to for the analysis. The functional classification of the discourse marker Are/bale-Na was carried out based on the Traugott model. She proposes three types of pragmatic functions for any discourse marker. The propositional function of Are/bale-Na indicates both positive and negative responses. The textual function of Are-Na fulfills the discourse function of cohesion and text organization. The expressive or interpersonal function of Are/bale-Na fulfills the pragmatic functions of hedging and face-saving via softening or reducing the negative force of an utterance. Moreover, Are/bale-Na can be used to function a number of other communicative cues simultaneously. It argues that these different functions can be explained in terms of grammaticalization process as well as the cline of semantic change.

The purpose of this paper is investigating the conditional connective words in New Persian language based on the Declerck and Reed typology (2001). According to this semantic typology, different types of conditional sentences based on possible worlds of protasis are factual, neutral, closed, open, tentative and counterfactual. In the canonical conditional sentence there is one connective word in the beginning of the sentence that is used to mark conditionality. In the present study, we try to examine these types with respect to the corpus of 3648 conditional sentences extracted from 110 books of 4th to 14th AH centuries. In New Persian various connective words have been used as conditional words like: “ agar, agarche, agarna, ta, ke, valo, farzan, haminke, darsuratike, vaella, hargah, chon, … ” . Statistical calculations on conditional words with a frequency above fifty show that there are certain tendencies between different conditional possible worlds and types of conditional words.

Comitative constructions will be investigated in Persian on the base of Stolz. et al’ s (2006) framework. They determined three types of languages (A), (B)and (C). The purpose is to show the characteristics of Persian; to determine to which type it belongs. The analysis of data has been shown that Persian comitative constructions are divided into three classes: Comitative, Instrumental and Manner. In comitative; three cases have been confirmed; accompanying a person with another person, a person with herself, several people in a group. Instrumental type includes; object as tool, means of transportation, body part and animals as tool. Manner is an adverbial modification of a predicate. Relying on the suggested typological features; main attributes (Agentivity, And, Possession) and three sub-attributes (boundness, without, zero marking ), it has been concluded that it belongs to (B) type languages like Swedish and Germany; unlike other languages such as Armenian and Icelandic and Sawahili.

Information structure deals with how old (evoked) and new information is distributed in the sentences of a text. The present study is aimed at investigating the information structure of post-posed constituents of Persian simple sentences. Grammatical role and syntactic category of the post-posed constituents were, also, investigated. To achieve the goals, a corpus including 226 simple sentences was investigated to analyze the information status of post-posed constituents. Ward and Birner (2004) and Birner (2013) were referred to frequently as theoretical model. The findings revealed that most of the post-posed constituents were old (evoked or inferential) in terms of discourse, while new in listeners' view. As far as grammatical role is concerned, subjects (apposed to previous literature) were found to be post-posed more than other grammatical roles. Finally, in terms of syntactic categories, the pos-posed constituents were found to be mainly prepositional phrases and noun phrases.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the discoursal structure of Persian theses abstracts in various disciplines, determining their rhetorical structure, and finding out the similarities and differences between them. To do this, three scientific fields of humanities, engineering, and basic sciences were chosen for analysis. For humanities, the disciplines of philosophy and linguistics were chosen. For engineering, the disciplines of electrical and mechanical engineering were chosen. For basic sciences, the disciplines of chemistry and physics were chosen. For each discipline, 40 abstracts were selected from IranDoc’ s Ganj repository and gathered in a file. Then the rhetorical structure of these abstracts was annotated based on Hyland’ s five-move model. In the next stage, rhetorical moves of each discipline and their general pattern were determined. Results indicate that the dominant move pattern for most disciplines is I-P-M-Pr and P-M-Pr with some minor differences observed within the discipline of philosophy and chemistry.

Studies have shown that in Persian, no significant research has been done on size adjectives. In this paper, near-synonymy relationship of ‘ ‘ vasiʔ , pahnâ var, bozorg’ ’ size adjectives and their inflectional forms have been studied according to Behavioral Profile approach of Divjack and Gries (2006) and the data of Hamshahri 2 corpus (Alahmad and et. al, 2009). In this research, initially all lexical and inflectional forms of size adjectives were identified and then evaluated according to morphological, syntactic and semantic ID-tags. The results indicated that based on hierarchical analysis, the groups of “ vasiʔ tarin, bozorgtarin” , “ vasiʔ , bozorg’ ’ , “ pahnâ vartar, bozorgtar’ ’ , “ vasiʔ tari, bozorgtari’ ’ , “ vasiʔ i, bozorgi’ ’ have near-synonymy relationship with each other. In addition, there is a similar distribution between the members of the group of “ pahnâ var, pahnâ vartarin” due to the existence of identical bases. Also, there is a near-synonymy relationship between the lexical forms of “ pahnâ vari” with “ vasiʔ i, bozorgi” and “ vasiʔ tar” with “ pahnâ vartar, bozorgtar” .

Medical specialists, patients and their families, and the media use descriptive language to express and transfer the effect and experience of cancer and conceptual metaphors have an important role in understanding different aspects of conceptualizing feelings and emotional experiences. In cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors play an important role in human cognitive system and unlike the past, they are not restricted to literature and are not considered just the tools for aesthetic purposes of the texts. Using the cognitive linguistic approach, the present paper tries to investigate conceptual metaphors used in medical papers about cancer written in Persian language. The results show that some medical concepts of cancer are expressed through conceptual metaphors and Persian speakers use different source domains such as “ cancer is battlefield” , “ cancer is journey” , etc. to express medical concepts of cancer and these metaphors may have positive or negative effects on the common opinions about cancer.

The present study aims at studying the pronominal clitics of the Khollari dialect, one of the dialects of Fars province. In the dialect, pronominal clitics have different types and distribution from those in the Standard variety. The study is a descriptive-analytic one, done through interviewing native speakers. The writer has tried to investigate the attested types, distribution, and hosts of the clitics. The results of the study show that the pronominal clitics in this dialect are used as subject, direct object, indirect object and object of adposition and are attached to different elements. In the course of evolution of clitic system in Persian, clitics in this dialect predominantly follow pre-verbal Clitic System. The main use of clitics and the important difference of the dialect with the Standard Persian is their function as the subject marker of the past transitive verbs, always located before the verb.

The present research is focused on investigating the coverage of categories of Korn's typology as well as the existing symmetry or asymmetry in rounding harmony within Iranian (Razan and Tabriz) and Istanbuli varieties of Turkish. The main research questions are as followed: 1. Can the Turkish varieties be classified within Korn's categories or additional categories are to be added therein? 2. Is there a symmetrical system in rounding harmony in the varieties under consideration? The research results demonstrate that in spite of the similarities observed within the syntactic, morphological and … areas of the three varieties, within their photological areas differences are detected, according to which the three systems can be classified in triple hypothetical categories of A, B and C. Among which only the Razan variety illustrates a total symmetry in front and back vowels in transmitting roundness.