JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIOLOGY
Year:2022 | Volume:11 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Protecting water resources is inherently a social and political process because it is part of the control and modification processes in the hydrological cycle. This paper aims to study the narrative of Iranian scientific and political elites involved in the Urmia Lake crisis to go beyond the obvious aspects of this crisis and seek for bigger issues linked to the water governance and its political economy. For this purpose, 23 available persons were selected for deep interview. Then, by using thematic analysis, we extracted, classified and categorized the data. Out of 26 primary categories we have found 7 categories which is creating and Continues water crisis in Urmia Lake basin including: " Engineering the social matter", "Island Policy-making Approach", "Minimizing the Scope of Responsibilities", "Incomplete and contradictory Laws", "Water as a Tool of Legitimacy", "Destructive Efficiency" and "Renti economy". The results show that three factors of "theoric-practical reductionism", "bureaucratic labyrinth" and "cancerous development" can be identified as the main features of the decision-making system that created, continued and intensified the Urmia Lake crisis. The present study indicates that the revival of Urmia Lake requires a major overhaul in the management and legal system of water resources.

Inflation and expensiveness of goods and services was a pervasive phenomenon in recent decades of Iran economy and Society. Considerable changes were happened in people life by the inflation high rates. Our research goal was to understanding and explaining of how people coordinate with inflation high rates and what consequences had for their social life. In order to capture the participant’, s interpretation and theoretical explanation, the grounded theory as a qualitative-interpretative research method was carried. 60 men and women by variant education and socio-economic status in Isfahan City participated in our interviews. The interviews data transcript analyzed by grounded theory analysis method. Accordingly, a theoretical model including 6 main categories constructed. Main categories included global relationships, pressure and change, institutional deficiency, collective passivity, bio-mental strain and norm-relations changes. And finally, contingency life constructed as core category, that presented the participants orientation in everyday life for accommodation by high rate inflation.

Today, the Iranian government is in greater need of tax revenues due to economic sanctions and declining sales of underground resources. But tax evasion and tax evasion is one of the obstacles that has challenged most countries, including Iran, in collecting real taxes. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the state of taxation and taxation and the factors that play a role in its occurrence, with a qualitative approach and the method of grounded theory. In this way, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 financial managers of large manufacturing companies and 7 experts of the General Department of Taxation of Yazd Province. Simultaneously with data collection, their analysis was followed through three processes of open, axial and selective coding. The results of this study show that the tax staff and taxpayers have become alienated from the ideal tax and voluntary taxation at the theoretical and practical level. As a result of their actions and other conditions, the credibility of the organization and the value and meaning of taxation are questioned and the inverse tax-inverse taxation inversion is represented. But through strategies such as culture-building at the objective and mental levels, we can see the deconstruction of the organization's credibility and the taxpayers' trust and motivation for voluntary and committed taxation.

The subject of the paper is profanity, bad language and increased violence in speech. In the process of socio-cultural development, along with change and transformation, moral incompatibility in the general level of society is one of the ways through which individuals can express their opposition or resistance to the social structure. Bad language in the youth subculture as a habit will be the main purpose of this paper. Therefore, the key question is what factors cause the formation and spread of the profanity in young people? The great importance of violence and aggression, with emphasis on the underlying layers of violence, especially profanity and increased violence in speech has been studied by researchers in various fields such as sociology, psychology, cultural studies, etc. Therefore, while reviewing the conceptual frameworks of the subject and related theories, Bourdieu's views (with emphasis on cultural capital, field and habit) and Fisk have been considered. This study was a qualitative method and research data were collected by snowball sampling method and relying on (11 cases) in-depth interviews. The results suggest that, in the youth subculture, profanity is more for entertainment and bullying due to unemployment, the release of repressed energies and the lack of adequate facilities for their use, and the factors themselves, derived from the poor condition of families. According to the degree of influence of cultural, social and economic capital of youth, they are formed, internalized in the individual and returned to society, and finally act as a deterrent against socio-cultural development.

The present study based on constructivism approach intends to discover and review the economic consequences of the oil and gas industry regarding the local beneficiaries’,attitudes. In this qualitative study, the data collection procedure has been done through in-depth interviews and the grounded theory method has been put in practice to analyze the collected data. 19 rural governors of the central District of Sarakhs city have been interviewed. respecting a theoretical and purposeful sampling method and consequently the collected data were eventually coded and analyzed in the form of 27 fundamental categories and one core category. The research results indicate that according to the interpretations and experiences originated in the local actors’,(rural governors) minds, the oil and gas industry of this region has had various economic consequences. On the one hand, components such as lack of social mobility, lack of bargaining power, profiteering of companies, corporate influence and authority have provided the necessary causal conditions for the formation of a dual economic structure (core / periphery-based) in the oil and gas industry. On the other hand, regional discrimination has facilitated and strengthened the adoption of a non-indigenous approach, social inequality, and lack of oversight of these dual conditions(interfering factors). In the context of corporate privatization (contextual conditions), local governors react to this dual economic structure through two strategies,resistance (protest) and passivity (acceptance). The present study findings indicate that several economic consequences such as the emergence of new classes of people, labor exploitation, conflict of interest, identity conflict, temporary workforce, etc., have arisen in the areas of oil and gas industry. In such a circumstance, actors and the local community have either adapted and converged with the existing dual structure or have been led to incompatibility and divergence.

This study is reflects on the relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial attitudes. Cultural context and values play a substantial role in shaping the attitudes and beliefs of individuals, and the research literature indicates that there are major differences between countries in terms of entrepreneurship, part of which can be explained by cultural values. This study was conducted as a survey on 354 undergraduate and graduate students of soft and pure applied fields who were sampled from the University of Isfahan and Yasuj. The results showed that there is a significant difference in terms of entrepreneurial attitudes between these two groups of students. However, with regards to the cultural values, no significant difference was seen between these two groups. Also, structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that uncertainty avoidance, collectivism and femininity have a negative and power distance has a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitudes. Finally, implications for policy, practice, and further research are discussed.

Overweight and obesity is one of the important problems of the international community that affects everyone of all ages. Important factors cause this phenomenon, but the economic situation of societies can also affect the nutritional patterns of individuals and cause the phenomenon of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic situation, unhealthy food patterns and obesity of Yazd citizens. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 girls and analyzed by grounded theory technique. The results showed that factors such as lack of market control, people's income status, inefficient economic management of society cause citizens to be drawn to inappropriate eating patterns, high-calorie foods and obesity. The results showed that factors such as poor nutritional literacy and appearance centered on nutrition cause citizens to be drawn to inappropriate eating patterns, high-calorie foods and obesity. Also, economic problems, wrong food culture and convenience provide the ground for people to choose inappropriate nutritional patterns, which leads to the phenomenon of obesity. Factors such as socio-cultural transition, media bias, and nutritional substitution also indirectly contribute to obesity. The strategies of these people to deal with obesity are to strengthen their nutritional awareness and to deal with the economic situation by multiplying themselves. The consequences for them are obesity, latent malnutrition, physical illness and mental health problems. The final category was extracted as "socio-economic anxiety", which means that economic conditions, in addition to creating economic anxiety, cause a person to experience a kind of social anxiety in various fields. It is suggested that the solution of economic problems, health discourse and proper nutrition be formed in the society by families and social and cultural institutions of the society, including education and media, etc.

Introduction: The capital market and the study of how people enter this market is important because increasing investment in this market has a major role in economic development. The entry of small shareholders into the stock market is one of the key elements of increasing investment in the stock market. The purpose of this study is to understand how people enter the stock market. Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from this study. The statistical population includes all activists of the stock exchange who started their activities in this market in 1397 and 1398 in Sabzevar city. Findings: The findings showed that the economic behavior of individuals can be explained by a strong network of relationships (friends, family and colleagues). According to the interviewees, the trust that exists in such relationships plays a major role in people entering the stock market. In the meantime, friendships and friendships and work relationships are less important, and the information that is transmitted in this network can be the cause of economic behavior if it is confirmed by a strong network of reliable relationships. In addition, it was found that news and information from television and professional relationships could less explain the economic behavior of individuals. Also, when people enter the stock market, most of their strong relationships network is invited to this market. Conclusion: This study has analyzed the issue of how people go to the stock exchange with a network analysis approach, but the findings showed that in Iranian society, a network of strong relationships has a more important role in the economic behavior of individuals. It is true a weak network of relationships creates new information for people, but for people, reliable information is more important.

Today, social capital plays an important role in branding a product and how customers are motivated to buy. With the increase in social capital, corporate business is booming. Otherwise, there are many challenges to the success of companies in branding and customer retention, one of the most important of these challenges is the lack of trust in a brand or commercial product. So companies that can create social capital among customers can hope to retain loyal customers for repurchase. The main purpose of this study was the effect of social capital on customer intention to buy with the mediating role of perceived brand and brand value. The research method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey research in terms of nature. The statistical population of the present study includes the customers of "City Center" shopping center in Ahvaz. The size of the statistical population in the present study is unknown. In this study, to increase the validity and validity of his research, the researcher used 302 people by random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by marketing professors, and its reliability was also confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha. SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data collected in this research. The results showed that there was a negative and inverse relationship between the variable of customers' intention to buy and value or brand. The structural model of the research also showed that the exogenous variable of social capital is both directly and indirectly related to the endogenous variable of customer intention to buy by considering the mediating role of the variable of perceived value of brand and brand.

Becoming more competitive in the business environment and establishing a long-term relationship with the customer requires effective and profitable investment in the field of customer loyalty and the creation of optimal public opinion management in banks. Achieving the goals of managing customer public opinion requires a local and valid model. Therefore, the mixed research has used the mixed method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part of the research was selected for conducting semi-structured interviews related to data-driven theory, including 13 banking industry experts by purposive sampling method and in a quantitative part from the perspective of 384 customers participated by cluster sampling method. Data analysis in the qualitative part has been done by thematic analysis method using MaxQDA software. ISM interpretive structural modeling method has been used for modeling. Then, in a small part, the partial least squares approach and SmartPLS software have been used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the AVE index and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability whose values were obtained for all dimensions above 0. 7. The results showed that thought leaders and the use of mass media have an impact on transparent information and counter-rumors and the development of advertising to increase security for the sake of customers. These factors also affect the strengthening of social responsibility. Strengthening social responsibility leads to managing public relations with customers and measuring customer public opinion, and ultimately leads to managing customer public opinion. Level five elements, namely thought leaders and the use of mass media, have the greatest impact on the strategic entrepreneurship of public institutions. In the same way, the degree of influence in the next levels is reduced and the variables at the same level also interact with each other.

Social trust is one of the important elements of social capital and one of the basic prerequisites for development and moving towards modernity. Social trust reduces many social costs and increases social cohesion, and underpins the public sphere and civil society. Trust is necessary for the formation of ties and the creation of cooperation and social participation and cooperation, and it is only by relying on trust that we are able to solve problems and fulfill social obligations despite differences. The university institution as a developmental and democratic institution can guide the progress and development of society and the attitudes and values of each of its pillars, especially students, both in terms of dynamics and number of other elements of the university institution. That is, faculty and staff are often younger, more dynamic, and more numerous,It is of considerable importance. The variable of access to institutions has the greatest impact on the variable of social trust and the variables of religiosity, having a healthy family, students' assessment of the response rate of institutions and the rate of access to institutions have about 46% of the change in social trust. The research findings are low level of students' social trust, so that 97. 1% of students have moderate to low social trust and only 2. 9% of students have high social trust, which seems to be affected by the tense and crisis atmosphere. It is social. Confirm country. Therefore, it can be said that the useful and developmental results of university education depend on the social and political context of each society. Given the growing trend of declining social trust, it is a matter of concern that policymakers have not paid much attention to this issue in recent decades. It is believed that the social crises plaguing the society on the one.

Today, the role and importance of human resources in the production process of human societies has become the most important factor of production. One of the important issues in development is the level of correct and rational use of the talents and abilities of the human resources of each society. In fact, increasing employment and reducing unemployment is considered as one of the indicators of the development of societies. The purpose of this study is to develop an unemployment model for male university graduates in Ilam city using a qualitative method and in particular the methodological approach of grounded theory. The study population includes all unemployed university male graduates from the period of 1390 until now in all university fields in Ilam. The sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation, and the validity of the findings was provided through confirmation and adaptation with the opinion of expert judges and key informants. In this study, information was collected through in-depth interviews in a semi-structured manner. Analysis of graduate interviews led to the formation of a conceptual framework in the form of causal conditions with the categories of "social inequality", "institutional weakness", "rent-seeking", contextual conditions in the form of "non-institutionalization of work culture", "tribal culture to As a deterrent ", mediating conditions in the form of" managerial weakness ", " human capital weakness ", and" negative strategies ", and finally the category of individual consequence, social consequence, demographic consequence and political consequence. Finally, due to the relationship between the categories, the core category of "unbalanced development-centralism" was extracted as the core category.