Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2015 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 (8) |Papers Count:10

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of natived mindfulness based cognitive training (NMBCT) and cognitive - behavioral training (CBT) on dysfunctional attitude and job affects in employees. In this research, using experimental method, 54 employees were selected and randomly assigned into the 2 experimental groups and control (18 per a group), and were assessed in pre-test, post-test and follow up by the Dysfunctional Attitudes scale (Beck and Weiss man, (1980) and Job Affects questioner (Fox and Spector, 1999). The first experimental group received 8 sessions of natived mindfulness based cognitive training (NMBCT) for Iranian culture, while the second experimental group received 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral training (CBT), each session took 120 minutes. The results showed that no significant difference between experimental and control groups in dysfunctional attitudes and job affects in pre - test. But revealed that NMBCT and CBT methods were effective in reducing dysfunctional attitudes and enhancing job affects, as compared with the control group in post -test and follow up (P£0.01). In addition, NMBCT was found to be more effective in enhancement of job affects, than the CBT method (P£0.01).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of life-skills training on social anxiety symptoms and stress coping methods in teens with social anxiety that are supported by welfare department. The research method was semi-empirical with two group's pretest-posttest design.The subjects of this study were socially anxious teens in families supported by welfare organization in Darreh shahr town. So, after first administration of Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), 30 persons with highest scores were selected and randomly assigned in to an experimental group (15 persons) and a control group (15 persons). The experimental group received “life-skills” training through thirteen two hour sessions twice a week. During this period no intervention was given to the control group. The instrument for this study, social phobia inventory Conver and etal (2000) (SPIN) and parker & ender questionnaire of coping with stress (1991) were administered at the pretest and post-test stage to all participations. The result of multiple covariance analysis indicated that “life-skills” training significantly decreased the amount of social anxiety, emotion-based coping and evasion-based coping and so significant increase in the scores of problem-based coping in the experimental group as compared the control group (p=0.0001). The result of the study revealed that “life-skills” training could be used as a useful intervention for teens in families that are supported by welfare organization.

Sexual dysfunction can lead to behavioral problems and reduction in a person's quality of life.In 50 % of patients with personality disorders, there is also sexual dysfunction. Psychoanalysis approach attributes the cause of sexual dysfunction to a kind of fundamental anxiety as well as the use of immature mechanisms in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of big five personality traits and defensive mechanisms in predicting these patients' quality of life. Statistical sample of this research included 80 women attending sexual health and family clinics of Shahed University using accessible sampling during 2010 and 2011. These subjects were given the Neo Personality Inventory Traits, Defensive Mechanisms, and the World Health organization Quality of Life Questionnaires to answer. The findings showed that personality traits could predict the quality of life in woman with sexual dysfunction. Moreover, among those five personality traits, neuroticism (b:0.24, P=0.04) and conscientiousness (b:0.31, P=0.03) were able to predict the quality of life while predictability rate of both factors was 37% of variance on the whole (p=0.05). Based onregression analysis, there was a significant relationship between the quality of life and defensive mechanisms so that using more mature defensive mechanisms (b: 0.37, P=0.006) and immature defensive mechanisms (b: -0.31, P=0.02) could significantly predict quality of life (p=0.0001). Also, neurotic defensive mechanisms were not significant predictors of these women' quality of life. (b: 0.04, P=0.78).

The aim of present research was to investigate the effects of metacognitive states, processing and regulation strategies on academic performance of university students.410 students engaged in studying in various fields of humanities, University of Gilan that were in the age range of 17-33 years, responded to State Metacognitive Inventory (Oneil & Abedi, 1996) and Vermunt’s inventory of learning styles (1994). Recent grade point average of students was considered as indicator of academic performance. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, the results showed that self-regulated strategy (b=0.364, P<0.0001) is the best predictor of students’ academic performance (F=32.289, P<0.0001), and other variables were excluded due to the insignificant impact of the final model. In this study, the accelerator engine of students’ academic performance was recognized self-regulated strategy; thus we can expect formulation of educational interventions in which students learn to have adequate supervision on their learning process and its resulting, significant impact in promoting learning and ultimately improve the academic performance of students.

The present study has been done to determine the effect of religious commitment and religious involvement with aggression and as a mediator variable empathy was considered. This is a descriptive - correlational study and the population was all high school students of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 321 high school students that were selected by cluster random multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using Aggression Questionnaire (Rhine, 2006), Worthington Religious Commitment (2003), Hill and Hood Religious Involvement (1999), David Empathy (1983) and Demographic ascertained Questionnaire. For Statistical Analysis, Correlation Pierson, regression analysis and structural equation method was applied. Achieved results showed that the direct effect of religious commitment on the empathy of 0.07 and the direct effect of religious involvement on empathy: 0.025, (P£0.01), while the indirect effect of religious commitment on -0.0231 aggression and indirect effects of religious devotion is an aggression 54.21 representing the inverse relationship between commitment an inverse relationship between religious commitment and religious involvement by the aggression and Results of structural equation modeling show that the model has appropriate fitting based on fitting indicators (P£0.01). Although, the effect of religious commitment on empathy was not confirmed.

The purpose of this research was to propose a model for investigating the impact of constructive thought pattern strategies on self-efficacy through Galatea effect among University of Isfahan’s students.350 students were selected via cluster sampling method. The research instruments were Houghton and Neck’s self-leadership questionnaire, Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s selfefficacy questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire for measuring the positive selfexpectancy.Data were analyzed using the path analysis model. The findings indicated that selftalk (p=0.0001), mental imagery (p=0.0001) and beliefs and assumptions (p=0.002) have impact on positive self-expectancy; positive self-expectancy (p=0.0001) has impact on self-efficacy; and self-talk (p=0.001), mental imagery (p=0.0001) and beliefs and assumptions (p=0.0001) have impact on self-efficacy. The results of research showed that constructive thought pattern strategies predicted self-efficacy significantly in University of Isfahan’s students.

ADHD is one of the most common neuro psychological disorders in childhood that causes many problems for the child, family and the society. Therefore, the aim of present research is to investigates the effectiveness of couples communication model training on symptoms of ADHD children age 4- 9 years old.60 children with symptoms of ADHD were selected through cluster sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experiment (30 subjects) and control group (30 subjects). The data were analyzed by using the inferential statistics method (covariance). Findings showed that, parents training could significantly decreases the symptoms of ADHD in children (P<0.05). It is suggested that this model could be used as a nonpharmacological method in decreasing ADHD symptoms in children.

Based on theoretical and empirical literature, the mediator factors such as teachers' beliefs and attitudes about the bullying of students can play an important role in explaining and predicting management of bullying through perceived self-efficacy of teachers. Based on this approach, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect on teachers' perceived self-efficacy in behavior management and bullying management strategies considering the mediating role of teachers' beliefs and attitudes. The research method was descriptive and correlational that was performed using the path analysis method. In order to implement reaserch, 207 (70 males, 137 females) of primary school teachers were selected by cluster sampling method anddata was collected through teachers' self-efficacy questionnaire, the social behavior of students and classroom behavior management strategies. Findings of f path analysis indicate that the direct effect of self-efficacy on normative beliefs (0.15) and the direct effects of normative beliefs (0.29) and avoidance (0.19) on bullying management strategies are positive and significant (p<0.05) other findings showed that teachers' beliefs and attitudes about bullying have a mediator role in the relationship between self-efficacy and strategies to manage bullying, as perceived self-efficacy of teachers in classroom behavior management can explain in total 16% of the variance in bullying management strategies and the tested model has been a good-fitting with theoretical model of research. The results show that in order to design a successful anti-bullying programs, in addition to teachers' self-efficacy, their beliefs and attitudes also need to be considered in managing and deal with bullying.

By utilizing classroom management styles, teachers will be able to get rid of possible students’misconducts and promote a friendly atmosphere which will in effect promote students’participation in learning activities. Additionally, increased self-esteem, which is an achievement of such utilization, will influence various aspects of students’ future lives. Taking this point into consideration, the present study aimed at determining the efficacy of rule-governed democracy classroom management style on self-esteem of 3rd-grade high-school male students. All 3rdgrade high-school male students of Abdanan city in the academic year 2013 comprised the statistical population to this study. Using convenience sampling, 38 subjects were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research design was pretest-posttest.Cooper Smith's self-esteem questionnaire was used as the research instrument which was administered to the two groups at the outset. The experimental group was given seven 90-minutes sessions of treatment and twice-a-week. The two groups were asked to fill out the same questionnaire for the post-test stage afterwards. Descriptive statistics, including the analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the utilization of rulegoverned democracy classroom management style in the classroom had significantly increased the self-esteem (public-family-social- and scholastic-professional) of male students in the posttest (p<0.001).

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of pecs training on social skills of children (boys) with autistic disorders. Study procedure was experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this research includes all children with autistic disorders in Shiraz in the academic year 2012- 2013. The sample size was 30 boys with autistic disorders that were selected in an available sampling method and assigned into experimental and control group, randomly. So each group consisted of 15 students. Both groups were assessed pre-test. The Experimental group received pecs training in 16 sessions while control group did not. After completion of intervention period for Experimental group the posttest was administered for both groups. The Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (Jackson, Volkmar & Minderaa, 1998) were administered to assess the social skills. The data analyses by ANCOVA showed that there were significantly increase in the mean scores of social skills and subscales (Not tune, Tendency to withdraw, Orientation problems, Not understanding, Stereotyped behavior, Fear of changes) in experimental group (P<0.01). Findings indicated that pecs training intervention lead to improve social skills of boys with autistic disorders.Therefore, it is suggested to design and implemen pecs training in order to increase children’s social skills with autistic disorders.