Geographical Planning of Space
Year:2021 | Volume:11 | Issue:40|Papers Count:10

Precipitation is a major component of the hydrologic cycle and its prediction is of great importance in many studies such as environmental and Land use planning. Therefore, in this study, prediction of precipitation changes in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea as the most productive region of the country was investigated. For this purpose, HadGEM2 model data were affected by three RCPs (RCP2. 6, RCP 4. 5 and RCP 8. 5) using LARS-WG6 downscaling model and rainfall variations over three different time periods (2021-2050,-2051-2080 and 2081-2100) compared to the baseline period (1989-2018). For calibration and validation of the LARS-WG model, T and F tests and also MAE, MSE, RMSE and R2 indices were used. The results of the performance evaluation of the downscaling model show acceptable and high accuracy of this model in different stations studied. The results of the prediction also show that the average precipitation in the period (2021-2050) will decrease by 0. 2% on average the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. But precipitation in the periods 2051-2080 and 2081-2100, will increase 5. 4% and 10. 7%, respectively. Overall, precipitation on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea will increase by an average of 5. 7% by the end of the 21st century, with the highest rate being at Gorgan Station at 12. 2% and the lowest at Babolsar station is up 0. 3% from base period. Also, the lowest and highest precipitation variations in the study area were estimated based on RCP 8. 5 and RCP 2. 6 scenarios in each of the three periods study.

Gorgan city with more than 150 hectares of historical context is one of the important historical centers of the country. Despite its positive features, the city suffers from some physical, environmental and infrastructural problems. In the present study, with the aim of determining the priority of general development strategies in the historical context of Gorgan, several proposed modeling strategies and then the optimal priorities for re-creation are introduced. The research was applied and in its analysis, a combination of documentary and survey methods using quantitative and qualitative models (ANP-SWOT) was used. The statistical population of the study included 15 experts (experts of executive bodies and university professors) who were selected by snowball technique. After reviewing the upstream documents, 11 strengths, 12 weaknesses, 10 opportunities and 11 threats were extracted from the context of Gorgan. Then, by adjusting the internal and external strategic factors, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was prepared and provided to the experts. Finally, based on the obtained indicators, the SWOT strategic matrix was formed and strategies were evaluated and prioritized using the ANP model in Super Decision software. The results of modeling showed that among the proposed strategies, strategies to support historical tourist attractions with the approach of economic and social revitalization and improving the physical condition of the tissue, Organizing the transportation network in the historical context with emphasis on public transportation network, use of barren and recyclable lands due to low prices for tourism development, The review of the distribution of facilities and services in the context of the context identified the optimal strategic priorities and ranked first to fourth, respectively. As a result, in recreating the historical context of Gorgan, those in charge should focus on offensive strategies.

Creative cities with dynamic people, experienced and creative is a place where ideas are empowered and people are attempting together in all aspects of urban life to transfer their community to a better places for work and living which consequently it lead to development of their country as whole. The philosophy of creative city is that there always exist more potential more than our imagination. Creative cities with dynamic, experienced and creative people, where ideas are strengthened and people in all walks of life are working together to turn their societies into better places to live and work and play a vital role in growth and It will develop any countryThe present study aims to study Sari by proposing the question of whether the city has right potentials for transferring into creative city. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive and analytical approaches which the data and information were collected from secondary and official documents. In this research, strategic model of Meta-SWOT was applied by identifying the most important indicators of creative city. The main purpose of the model is to guide decision makers in an integrated process from primary stage of brain storm to create a ranked list of strategic priorities. This tool allows infinite review of the inputs, as decision makers change their assessment during a planning activity. Also Meta-SWOT technique was used to formulate a development strategy and explain the goals, resources, abilities and environmental factors. Based on the results, the most important factor to attain Sari to creative city is increasing expert skills and entrepreneurial activities. The variety of economic activities, the growth of science and technology centers are the other factors which should take effective measures.

Precipitation plays a fundamental role in the survival of Earth's systems and provides water to sustain life on earth. The importance of precipitation durability, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which includes most part of Iran, is greater than its volume. The aim of this study is to identify the rainfall regions of Iran in terms of rainfall durability and to investigate the characteristics of rainfall durability in each region. in order to investigate the durability of Iran's precipitation and by defining the day of precipitation as "Day with a rainfall equal to or greater than 0. 5 mm", the daily precipitation data of 80 synoptic stations in the country during the cold 6 months of the year from October to March over a 30-year period (1987-2016) used. Setting the data in daily tables in the first step, enabled programming in the MATLAB environment for separating precipitation into ten groups from "one-day" to "ten-day". And in the second step in the SPSS environment based on frequency characteristics, amount and mean of precipitation in the mentioned groups, clustering done by WARD method were merged by clustering method. Implementation of clustering process on Iran rainfall durability showed that there are 7 almost homogeneous zones in Iran based on rainfall durability, which the effect of inland and outer climatic factors including latitude, roughness, path of precipitation systems and distance to moisture sources is evident that with declining the last three factors, these zones become more homogeneous in the eastern half of Iran. One of the projectable hazards is that the supply of atmospheric precipitation, especially in east of Iran, is more in charge of short durable precipitation. In fact, the one-day and the two-day low precipitations are dominant in the western part of the country and in terms of the proportion of durability in the eastern half of Iran. This finding shows the general inefficiency of the country's water resources management plans with the macro approach of storage the surface water.

Urban poverty is one of the major issues and challenges of major cities, especially in metropolises of Iran. The phenomenon of poverty is a multidimensional issue and, due to its spatial nature, it is ‎specialized in the city and spreads in the form of poorer areas. Identifying and analyzing the ‎spatial distribution of the poverty is one of the ways to reduce its impacts on the cities. The main aim of this research is to identify and spatial analyze of urban poverty zones in Zahedan. In this research, the statistical census data of 1395 of Zahedan city and the economic, social, cultural and physical components have been used to identify and analyze poverty. Factor analysis method, density estimation model and Moran model in the GIS environment has been used to identify the poverty zones. The findings show that out of total of 4529 blocks, 537 (85. 11%) very poor, 1532 (83. 33%) poor, 1666 (78. 36%) moderate, 752 (60. 16%) wealthy, 92%) are very wealthy. In terms of geographic posation, most of poor and very poor areas are concentrated in the north and northeast parts of the city. As a result, there is a significant spatial difference in the distribution of poverty indicators in Zahedan. The findings of this study can help urban and regional policymakers and managers to implement appropriate solutions and allocate scarce urban resources in a desirable and purposeful manner. The future studies, can model the spread of poverty in cities using spatial analysis methods. The future studies, can model the spread of poverty in cities using spatial analysis methods.

Large areas of Khuzestan province are among the most susceptible areas for dust production. There are seven domestic dust producing hotspots in the province. Some of them, like the No. 1 Dust hotspot (south Hoor al-Azim), are in fact flood and alluvial plains lowlands of the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia that have lost contact with large rivers such as Karkhe for many years. Such a problem, along with the subsequent droughts, has made a vast plain southwest of Khuzestan province hotspot dust storms. In this regard, the present study intends to investigate the role of human in relation to morphodynamic changes of Karkheh River and dust hotspots. This research was conducted using Landsat satellite images from 1991, 1998, 2002, Liss sensor from the IRS satellite of 2006, Google Earth images, sediment sampling and field surveys. During the research process, all sedimentary environments and sub-environments of sediments leading to the dust zone were identified and then long-term and mid-term changes in the river were extracted using spatial and spectral indices. The results showed that there were at least three abandoned rivers in the study area. The longest of them is the abandoned Jofier Canal, about 50 kilometers long, which flowed to the south of the Hoor al-Azim in a very long time. This canal is more important than others because of the possibility of feeding the number one dust hotspot. Certainly by restoration this canal, wind erosion combat can be directed towards ways to create and strengthen water harvesting systems that increase soil roughness, soil moisture and vegetation, and increase wind erosion thresholds.

The recession and socio-economic problems of the marginalized communities, has become a major challenge for urban managers. One of the reasons for the lack of implementation plans in these areas, has been announced the lack of real participation and public presence in such projects. This is while changing the approaches taken into consideration in these projects can be grounded the real and widespread presence of people in the process of empowering these neighborhoods. The dominant view so far in studies of social interventions has been based on Putnam theory, which linked the production of social capital to a strong civil society. While Rothstein's theory views social capital production through the efficiency and impartiality of public and public institutions. In fact, the municipality can help the process of empowering the poor when it is done by the people. For this purpose, this descriptive and analytical study done. in Mashhad city and Five Municipality of this metropolitan. The method used was mainly qualitative and participatory planning and to confirm the assumptions, quantitative and field methods were also considered. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using content analysis and SPSS software, using independent t-test. The results showed that people who participated in local community mobilization programs reported higher satisfaction and willingness to participate. There was also a relationship between the tendency to utilize micro funds in local development and familiarity with the process of participatory planning. In addition, the implementation of participatory planning has reduced the distrust of participants significantly, and the desire to live in the neighborhood has increased. On this basis we can say that social capital is the product of real participation, and it will be possible following comprehensive institutional development.

Iran is a country that has been faced with the problem of water shortage due to its proximity to the arid belt and desert of the Northern Hemisphere and also due to the direction and location of the Alborz and Zagros Mountains. This factor has long been a key factor in human activities and has played an important role in the development of human settlements. For this reason, most cities and villages in our country are formed in proximity to water and depend on it. Zanjan city is one of the old cities of the Iranian plateau that its creation and development was influenced by the Zanjan River and its qanats built in and out of it. One of the qanats built in this city was "Sarcheshmeh qanat" which was the most watered qanat in Qajar era. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of these qanats in the spatial structure changes of Zanjan during the mentioned period. This research is a kind of historical research that has been researched by descriptive-analytical method and data collection has been done by library and field methods. Although the early core of Zanjan was formed in the vicinity of "Zanjan River". But the river was used only for farming in the adjacent lands. And the drinking water needed by the citizens was provided by wells dug in the backyards and springs at the northern slope mountains of the city. The increasing population of the city on the one hand and the frequent and severe droughts on the other hand led to the construction of numerous qanats in and out of the city, which "Sarcheshmeh qanat" was one of the largest and most congested in the qanats. This qanat had eight branches and it flowed through the city's corridors, it spawned many changes in its spatial structure. Such developments may include shifting the city's development from longitudinal to transverse, dividing the city into Yokharibash (uptown) and Ashghibash (downtown) areas, creating new neighborhoods, defining streets, land uses and Government facilities pointed out.

The high-rise building has been on the agenda of urban policymakers following the growing growthof large cities in recent years and the issue of housing shortages and efficient land use. Due to their tall stature and the number of residents, these buildings have a great impact on the performance of cities, therefore, in order to prevent their negative effects on the quality of life and satisfaction of the residents of these buildings, the location of these buildings is especially important for cities. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the satisfaction of residents of high-rise buildings that exist in the city because the measurement rate is a good guide for city managers so that if in the future high-rise building is selected as one of the strategic policies in land use. Considering the results and findings of this research, a suitable solution should be planned for this purpose. The study area of this research is the city of Gorgan and the existing high-rise buildings above20meters or seven floors are based on the comprehensive plan of the city. The research method of this study is documentary studies, survey method and questionnaire distribution. The researcher-made questionnaire included322questionnaires distributed among citizens and after collecting information, its reliability was reduced by97%using Cochran's method using Cronbach's alpha, statistical analysis was performed inferentially and descriptively in SPSS software environment and the study results showed that there are the significant relationship between Access and satisfaction levels of citizens living in high-rise buildings. The results of the hypothesis test show in both hypotheses that due to the inadequate access of the residents of high-rise buildings and the decrease in the quality of services, their level of satisfaction decreases and the residents of high-rise buildings are not satisfied with the current situation.

Considering the location of Golestan province with a privileged geographical position on the Tehran-Mashhad Asian road, proximity to international borders, being located along the Caspian Sea and also having ethnic and cultural diversity, how can it be one of the most important areas? Be considered a country tourist. The purpose of this study is to provide a model of agricultural tourism. This research is a qualitative research using data-based theory. Scope of study: Golestan province and the participants of academic, scientific and organizational experts were aware of the field of tourism and agriculture. In-depth interviews were conducted using purposive sampling using the snowball technique. In this study, the data reached a theoretical saturation stage after conducting fifteen interviews. Five more interviews were conducted to ensure adequacy. To determine the validity of the Lincoln and Guba criteria and to determine the reliability of the process audit method, Internal agreement was used. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding and then the final model was explained based on data-based theory. Accordingly, "climatic and environmental attractions, diversity of cultivation patterns and experience and attitudes of tourists" as causal conditions, "policy-making system and rural migration" as intervening conditions and "capacity building and support" "Government" were identified as the underlying conditions from the perspective of the research participants. Strategies also include "advertising and branding, management and planning, training and empowerment, and optimization of tourism patterns" and the implications include "entrepreneurship development and job creation and economic growth and prosperity. " Therefore, it is suggested that by using the potential of agricultural hub and turning agricultural farms into self-harvesting farms, it will provide an opportunity for customers to pick farm products and at the same time it will be profitable for the farmer with the aim of saving time and money. Farmers who can not sell their produce on the farm can also sell their produce through farm stalls or small to large scale markets.