PEDAGOGIC AND LYRIC IN PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES QUARTERLY
Year:2012 | Volume:- | Issue:13|Papers Count:10

Difference between natural death and a mystic death is one of the basic fundamental arguments of mysticism. Moulana’s view of death is basically the same as Sanaiee’s. But Moulana’s view with his particular nuances and narrations mixed with hints of influences from Buddhist, Greek and Persian perspective on death gives a delicate and spiritual meaning to his brand of mysticism and Sufism. This article in an analytical-expressive style will attempt to explain the views of Molana about death in general and in particular mystic death. Moulana uses complex expression such as: Agony of Death, Boundless Sea of death, Root of death, Death fever, Bitterness of death, life in anticipation of death, Arrow of death, intoxication of death, smoke of death, Illusion of death, Wine of death, sweet juice of death, Neck of death and Death anticipatory bird and…

Lyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it cannot be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions, whether the roots of lyric literature found in the literature before Islam or not? if the answer is positive how is the amount and kind of enjoying the lyrical content of pre-Islamic literature ?To achieve a scientific answer, the first history of ancient Iran poems combining music explored through oral tradition of literature - khosravanyat, fahlavyat and issues raised in this kind of poetry - study and then with consideration in “Vis and Ramin” Fakhruddin As'd Gorgani and “Khosrow and Shirin” Nezami, the amount effectiveness of pre-Islamic Persian poet literature in the process evolution of lyric literature is shown.

This subject has derived from the man-mad word of Islam prophet (PBUH) when he had come back from infidels told that: “we went from little jihad to a bigger jihad’’. His words has changed to poetry that Sanaee Ghaznavi said that as poetry:بمیر ای دوست پیش از مرگ اگر می زندگی خواهیکه ادریس از چنین مـردن بهشـتی گشت پیش از ماThe meaning of “death before death’’ is killing sensuality at human that Sanaee has been believed to it after his turmoil period.The leader of Islam world’s virtues “Ali (PBUH)’’ when his head wounded said that “Swear to Ka’abe’s God that I’m blessed’’. Majority of Islamic mystics with influence of their leader has selected jihad with self or ego, which some of them has studied in this article.After Sanaee many of Islamic mystics include Attar and follow him Jalal ed din Mohumad Mulavi and many others had mentioned long speech for interpretation of “death before death’’ same as prophet(PBUH) and Imam Ali(PBUH), in their books. The researcher of this article has studied about exigency death and different kinds of death in many mystics books as “death before death’’.

Tise article is looking for giving a kind of inspiration and connected insight about human and the world an incarnate this sensation for speaker. And saying that there is a kind of relationship and harmong between beauty arts and knowledge. Although, In this opportunity, between these art, Calligraphy and Music that have always connected with wisdom and knowledge litterature, have been selected, but we can develop this observation in other artistic ranges because jast as extrem aim of any art is arriving at ideal unity and solitary state, we know that the last purpose of behaviour in the way to succeed in origin and disappearance of quantity of existence, is in unity of the Supreme Being.

The human is always accompanied by the black and heavy shade of the death, this mental disturbance of the human and put one's mind to this continuous terrible secret. The human is tested many ways to encounter. With the death or its escape of it, but he/ she come to nothing and then he/ she accepted the death bitterness and shoumitted to it. Every the nation with acceptation of the death reality to think appreciate this part of live base on the religion and culture and its tradition with specific custion, to bonor. The dead and self prepares encounter the death. Probably, preparation display against of the death be command by will. In this article is tried deal with to mourning custom in several epical works.

Lyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral and religious subjects, chanting etc….all have been collected in this literary form. One of the high frequency content in many of these long lyrical poems is the theme of In the name of Allah the Merciful and the Compassionate. This theme has been suggested, especially at the beginning of long lyrical poems. This paper attempts to study the use of this noble Quranic phrase in the works of the famous speakers and poets of the Persian language from point of view of consecration, the blessings, the help and the like, therefore, different long poems that begin with these words have been introduced.

Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is even though throughout the war and canvas cover, but there are lots of educational remarks, regarding taking lessons from the world. This great masterpiece, in describing the life of kings and heroes, has expressed the most beautiful and instructive about the life and death. This book, all over, is Hakim warm breath that with the entire artist, join Iranian reason rather with Islamic beliefs and has balanced combination of human thoughts about education. In place of this immortal work, prosperity, and then ending King's life have been seen with the lesson's approach, Tous Hakim, amidst the history of their, has been linked happiness’s to the failures. Because his attitude is inspired by deep religious insight, Death of his views is as a ladder for the transfer of house to mortal remains. Moreover, he looked to the world as meaningful rewards is distinguishing feature of the prevailing thoughts of the Shahnameh. Although this idea has been proposed in the Islamic beliefs, But Ferdowsi, Inspired by the wisdom of ancient Persia, it highlights this aspect of the criminal act, so that most of his champions in the world to reach their great deeds.

Sayyed Abdorrahim Molavi (1806-1882 A.D) is one of the greatest kurd mystics and scholars in the nineteenth century A.D. He not only is a mystic and scholar but also is a skilful and capable poet of Persian, Arabic, Surani and Orami kurdish languages. According to the works left by him, Molavi is not only outstanding in commentary, Hadith, poem and writing, but also he fairly can be one of prominent theologians. There are three works as Fawaeh in Persian, Alfazila in Arabic and Aghida Almarziyh in surani Kurdish which have interpreted and explained the theologian analytics in verse in most precise and delicate manner.The writer in this essay tends to deal with one of the most tumultuous topics of discourse from Molavi’s point of view. While many researches have been done about compulsion and free choice with different ideas, it seems that all differ with that of Molavi’s. So the conclusion of this research which has been done analytically is that according to the definition of the divine decree from Molavi’s point of view, man is completely free to do what brings forth divine reward or punishment to him.

Shahnameh is undoubtedly among the best works of Persian literature and one of the greatest products of human mind, manifested in the genre of epic poem. The essence of this masterpiece is, in fact, wisdom and sagacity. Firdowsi, the great poet of Toos, is of the conviction that wisdom is the first creation and the masterpiece of God Almighty. The praise of wisdom is noteworthy in Shahnameh and removing such words as ‘wisdom’ and ‘sagacity’ from this colossal work will leave nothing but an empty shell.However, a scrutiny of various aspects of Shahnameh will reveal to any researcher that wisdom, in the eyes of Firdowsi, is part and parcel with religiosity, and sagacity of the impious is to be reprimanded. Therefore, the essence of the Iranian culture, as presented in Shahnameh, is an amalgamation of wisdom and religion. In the present study, the author has attempted to highlight the concept of wisdom and its consequences in Shahnameh, and also shed light on the proximity between wisdom and religion, as well as the profoundness of the phenomenon in Firdowsi’s system of thought.

“Naz” and “Niaz” are one of the Ghanaian common contents of romantic and mystical ghazals (lyric poems) of Persian literature and poets have used this content in their poems as well as mystics. The basis of relationships in romantic and mystic poets is love. Beloved performs “Naz” and lover is full of feeling of “Niaz”. In all of these relationships, when beloved performs “Naz”, lover accepts it and the sense of need appears in him. The main reason of beloved’s “Naz” lies in her beauty and the source of “Niaz” in lover mostly depends on the “Naz” of beloved. In this paper the joint study of “Naz” and “Niaz” is important especially in poems belonging to Sanai as a mystical poet, Hafez as a romantic-mystical poet, and Vahshi as a romantic poet and writers try to answer these questions: What are romantic “Naz” and “Niaz”? What are mystical “Naz” and “Niaz”? What are the similarities and differences between romantic and mystical “Naz” and “Niaz”? And also different kinds of “Naz” and “Niaz” are contemplated.