HAFT HESAR JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Year:2013 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Conceptual view to the matter of “Introversion” as one of the most prominent features of Islamic architecture is the main issue of this research. The research tries to analyze the introversion concept and then in the context of critical theory, it tries to concentrate on typology of relationships between city and architectural spaces. First, the research present Islamic anthropologic model and then by using this model, elements of built environment which were mentioned in Islamic scriptures are presented. Then, the main issue of the research, concept of inside and outside is represented. Five issues in this relevant is presented and these issues are analyzed in relevance to main four physical issues in Islamic scriptures –home, mosque, bazaar and street. Then, it follows by comparative analysis of semantic ideas in human-environment relationships. Finally, the conclusion is presented by redefining introversion and presenting a model for these spaces in Islamic city.

This paper studies the origins and development of high-tech architecture movement and appearance of this change in Iran. The purpose of this research is to find out the reasons of high-tech architecture’s appearance so that we can make a comparison between what caused the formation of this type of architecture in other countries, and what is currently understood and used from high-tech architecture in Iran. The research method used in this paper is comparative- analytical which has been conducted in two parts. The first part focuses on the study of high-tech architecture in the world and the second part is dedicated to the study of this type of architecture in Iran. Based on studies carried out in this research, it was found that the high-tech has been formed due to reasons such as its efficiency in construction; but another aspect of this approach in the late twentieth century with the aesthetic approach to architecture and urban construction caused the successful use of high-tech in aesthetic aspects too. However, this method has been used in a more aesthetic approach rather than paying much attention to the efficiency except in rare cases.

Basics of sustainability in architecture are defined in three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social aspects, based on sustainable development measures. One of the great issues in sustainable development is the balanced growth of these measures. There are some models for assessing and planning of sustainability of human residential areas, but by localism approach in implementing sustainability theories and plans, it is essential that these models be adapted and tailored for local conditions. This problem together with specialty that has appeared in different aspects of architecture and civil engineering makes it very important to build a new method and framework for balanced sustainable architecture planning based on architectural and sustainability findings. Using Balanced score cards method of Norton & Kaplan (1996) which firstly was introduced for economic and strategic planning as a management framework and tool, an instrument is suggested to put together all the needs and essentials in applying a sustainable architectural plan and monitoring its implementation through known indicators.

Industrial Revolution in 18th century, and its following economic boom, caused turmoil and chaos in large cities. The construction of new towns has evolved with various titles in search of utopian ideas in order to solve problems and disorders of megalopolises. In the twentieth century, cities around the world, demonstrated different experiences in this case. This experience in Iran, both before and particularly after the revolution is impressive. Construction of industrial, organizational and administrative towns before the revolution, and 18 new satellite towns in the 70's to pull the population surplus of megalopolises, is a clear example of this. Based on existing researches, most of the Iranian new towns are dormitory areas at present, and are far away from the forecasted demographic horizons. One of these towns is Sadra New Town, situated in 15Km North West of Shiraz and its construction was begun considering a "green-cultural” role for it. Despite the predicted population of 200 thousand people in the demographic horizon of Sadra, the town has a population of less than 10 thousand people at present. This study with a focus on the documentation and library studies, field studies and using the spss software tries to analyze the factors and parameters affecting the population pull of a new town. Accordingly, the study recognizes the factors such as low-cost housing, sustainable employment, transportation and proper distance, proper and sustainable urban equipments and infrastructures, security, identity, recreation facilities and green spaces, more important than other factors in population pull of new towns, and after analyzing the barriers of population pull in Sadra according to these factors, proposes some solutions for population pull and stability in this new town.

Specialization as a result of modernism made remarkable developments in various scientific and intellectual fields which solved many complex problems in these areas. Beside this promotion, some difficulties arose which are not in the specialized fields of these sciences and they are not singly able to solve them, rather the cooperation and combination of the sciences and intellectual fields, made new inter-field scientific branches, helped to overcome the problems. Regarding urban planning as one of these branches didn't allow having an exact definition of it and every intellectual field, including economic, social and political aspects, opened about urban planning in line with their viewpoints. Due to this subject and considering the point that each of government systems in different economic, social and political fields has their own intellectual supports and beliefs, the authors believe that mentality of systems affects the urban planning along with construction and spatial organization of cities. Accordingly, the goal of this paper is to explain the role of government systems in redefinition of urban planning theory and consequently in spatial structure of city. The main question of this research is: what are the impacts of government system's beliefs in theoretical aspects of urban planning and how these beliefs can be found in the city as concrete and physical aspects? Then, to achieve the aim of this research, using the definition and position of urban planning theory in two liberal and social systems, spatial characteristics of socialist city and its differences with imperialist system city is contemplated. The research shows that the formation of city structure which is a result of urban planning process is affected by ideals inspired by intellectual lines of government systems.

Despite the importance of tourism in economic development and prosperity, there has been no appropriate policy making regarding its promotion in Iran and the major efforts in recent decades have been focused on advertising and promotional approaches. Hamadan city is one of the most important centers of art and history, and has been raised as capital city for many years as well as having a politically important role in different periods of history. This city is the birth and burial place of many celebrities that each one of them can be effective in the richness of sustainable urban tourism development.This study, using average values of seven climatic parameters including: average of monthly maximum daily temperature, average of daily temperature, minimum of daily relative humidity, average of daily relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine hours, and average of wind speed from synoptic and climatologic stations of Hamedan province, and using GIS and Tourism Climate Index, has calculated and analyzed the tourism climate comfort index for Hamadan city in 2011. Results indicate that in the months of June and September, Tourism Climate Index of Hamedan city is in ideal range for tourist activities.

One of the new traffic engineering tools is micro simulation. It can prevent some try and errors and help the road administrators save the resources. Although the micro simulation is a valuable tool for traffic behavior prediction, it can cause some problem in some cases. For example if the model is not well established and well calibrated, it can be misleading and produce some wrong outputs. On the other hand, regarding to the large number of inputs that a micro simulator needs to be calibrated, the calibration and verification is a high cost and expensive process. Therefore the most effective factors should be identified regarding to the outputs and the most effective factors should be calibrated first. In this paper, the Plackett Burman method is applied in order to find the most effective parameters in a micro simulation model of an urban highway. The simulated highway has on ramps that are controlled by ramp-metering and the speed in the main stream is dependent on the ramp metering action. In the simulation model, the cycle length of the ramp-metering is the most effective parameter on mean speed of the main stream. In addition to, the effectiveness for the other parameters has been achieved too.

Usefulness of participatory approach and its advantages in projects of urban rehabilitation and renovation of deteriorated urban fabrics is undeniable. Nowadays, it can be clearly seen that peoples’ participation in the interventions carried in the deteriorated areas, plays a major role in their implementation. This study aims to recognize the importance of participation within the renovation and rehabilitation projects being carried out in the deteriorated areas, also to examine and evaluate the participation rate in the renovating and rehabilitating of the Joulan neighborhood in Hamedan. Another aim of this paper is to evaluate the presence of the fields required for practical participation in this neighborhood. This study uses a descriptive - analytic survey (questionnaire) to evaluate the pattern of participation in neighborhood renovation and rehabilitation of Joulan neighborhood’s deteriorated fabric. Results of the study indicate that with achieving the public participation through providing the effective factors such as building confidence among the people, creating executive guarantee by the government, financial and other incentives - considering the social, cultural, and economic structure and also capacities and potentials of Joulan neighborhood, the desired rehabilitation and renovation process will be realized.