Iran Journal of Nursing
Year:2022 | Volume:35 | Issue:136|Papers Count:8

Background & Aims Most parents of children with cancer experience a care burden. Increasing their resilience can help reduce their care burden. This study aims to determine the effect of online resilience educational intervention on the resilience and care burden of parents of children with cancer. Materials & Methods This is a single-group study with a pre-test/post-test design. Fifty parents of children with cancer referred to selected medical centers in Tehran, Iran were selected using a continuous sampling method from July 2020 to February 2021. The data collection tools were a demographic form, Connor-Davidson resilience scale and Novak and Guest’, s caregiver burden inventory. Resilience education was presented for 4 weeks online. One month after the intervention, post-test assessments were conducted. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test) in SPSS software, version 26 software. Results The Mean±, SD resilience score before the intervention was 50. 32±, 21. 84 and increased to 78. 24±, 9. 16 after the intervention (P<0. 001). The Mean±, SD total score of care burden before the intervention was 57. 18±, 18. 17 and reduced to 24. 02±, 7. 45 after the intervention (P<0. 001). Conclusion The online resilience educational program can increase the resilience and reduce the care burden of the parents of children with cancer. It can be used by nursing managers to increase resilience and reduce the care burden of these parents.

Background & Aims The emerging diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause a serious stress, fear, and anxiety in the elderly. This study aims to determine the perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 in the elderly referred to comprehensive health centers in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 260 older people aged >60 years referred to two comprehensive health centers (130 from each center) in the west of Tehran participated, who were selected by cluster and stratified sampling methods. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data in SPSS Software, version 20. Results The mean score of perceived stress was 41. 5±, 10. 19, indicating high level of stress in the elderly. This variable had a statistically significant relationship with age, underlying disease, and self-perceived health (P<0. 001). The results of the Scheffe post hoc test showed that perceived stress was significantly lower in married subjects, those with no underlying disease, and those with self-perceived health score of 5 or higher. Fear of COVID-19 with a mean score of 23. 45±, 9. 35, was also higher among the elderly. Conclusion The perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 are high among the elderly in Tehran, Therefore, a proper planning by the health system policymakers for this group is necessary during the pandemic.

Background & Aims Mental disorders are associated with a complex self-centered experience of negative emotions such as despair and lack of mental pain. This study aims to determine the mental pain of people with bipolar disorder (BD) hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 153 patients with BD admitted to Iran Psychiatric hospital, who were selected by continuous sampling. Data collection tools were a demographic form and Orbach Mikulincer Mental Pain (OMMP) Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean score of OMMP scale in patients was 109. 56±, 36. 93. The variables of suicide attempt (P<0. 001), economic status (P=0. 002), and employment status (P=0. 02) status had a significant relation with the mental pain of patients. Conclusion The mental pain of hospitalized patients with BD in Tehran is at a moderate level. Patients with poor financial status, unemployed patients, and those with a history of suicide attempt have higher mental pain.

Background & Aims Maintaining patient safety (PS) is one of professional and ethical duties of health care providers. Nurses, as the largest professional group in the health system, have a potential and significant power in influencing the health care quality. Their competency in PS is essential to ensure quality and safe care. Education plays a vital role in improving PS and providing high quality nursing care. Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 and the need to observe social distancing, it is not possible to hold face-to-face courses. Hence, e-learning is a valuable option during this pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of online PS education on the competence of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Materials & Methods This is a single-group quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design that was conducted in 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Participants were 50 nurses working in the ICUs of Hazrate Rasoole Akram Hospital and Firoozgar Hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, who were by a proportional stratified sampling method. The content of the educational program was prepared using clinical guidelines and the literature which included materials about (1) PS and its different aspects (medication error, hemovigilance, pressure ulcer, fall, nosocomial infections, hand hygiene, surface and equipment disinfection, and waste management), (2) PS culture, (3) the effects of human factors and teamwork on error incidence, (4) importance of communication with patients before and after the occurrence of errors and giving appropriate feedback on errors, (5) root cause analysis of errors, (6) activity analysis after an adverse event, and (7) risk management. The program was prepared using Storyline version 3 software. Educational content was provided to participants on Telegram application. Before and three months after the intervention, data were collected using the Patient Safety Competency Selfevaluation (PSCSE) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test) in SPSS software, version 22. Results The mean scores of PS knowledge (21. 75±, 3. 28), attitude (61. 52±, 4. 19) and skill (84. 66±, 53. 7) after the intervention were significantly higher compared to their pretest scores (P<0. 001). The mean of total competency score (167. 93±, 11. 61) was also significantly higher after the intervention. Results showed that the educational program improved the nurses' competence by 17. 86%. The education had the highest effect on PS knowledge, followed by PS skills and attitudes. Conclusion Online education can increase PS knowledge, skills, and attitudes in ICU nurses and can ultimately promote their competence in PS. Nursing managers can use e-learning method to provide inservice training and retraining courses on familiarity with PS concepts, which can help manage medical errors caused by nurses. This learning method is recommended for nurses working in ICUs, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background & Aims Childbearing is important for the increase of population,for countries where fertility rate is low, it is important for sustainable development. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship of accountability and religious orientation with childbearing intention in women referred to comprehensive health centers in Yasouj, Iran. Materials & Methods This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in 2019-2020 on 240 fertile married women aged 18-45 years referred to comprehensive health centers in Yasouj city, who were selected by a continuous sampling method. Inclusion criteria were no debilitating diseases, mental illnesses, or contraindication for pregnancy. A sociodemographic form, Harrison-Goff Accountability Scale, and Golriz and Baraheni’, s Religious Attitude Scale were used to collect data. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 20 using chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. P<0. 05 was statistically significant. Results There was a negative and significant relationship between accountability and childbearing intention (P=0. 036),the intention to have children was significantly lower in women with a higher accountability score. Religious orientation and its two dimensions (intrinsic and extrinsic orientation) had no significant relationship with childbearing intention. Age (P=0. 001), length of marriage (P=0. 001), and number of male children (P=0. 011) had significant correlation with childbearing intention. Conclusion In Yasuj city, the fertile women’, s intention to have children decreases with the increase in their responsibilities, age, length of marriage, and number of male children. Therefore, it is recommended that these women be encouraged to have children at a younger age. It may be possible to encourage women with higher accountability to have children by teaching childbearing skills to them. Further studies are needed in this field.

Background & Aims Obesity is a global public health problem. The discriminatory behavior of medical staff, including physicians and nurses, towards obese patients can affect their quality of care to these people. This study aims to determine the attitudes of nurses towords obesity and providing care to obese patients its predictors in northern Iran. Materials & Methods In this descriptive-analytical study, 162 nurses working in one of hospitals in Guilan province participated. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic form, and nurses’,attitudes towards obesity and obese patients scale. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance) in SPSS software, version 16. Multiple linear regression by Backward method was also used to determine the predictors of nurses’,attitudes. Significance level was set at 0. 05. Results The Mean±, SD age of nurses was 34. 08±, 7. 9 years. Most of them were female (97. 5%). Their mean clinical work experience was 8. 65±, 7. 01 years. Regarding attitudes toward obesity and obese patients, a significant difference was observed between nurses in terms of working department (P=0. 001), educational level (P=0. 042), and type of employment (P=0. 004). The results of linear regression analysis showed that the variables of age, educational level, and type of employment in nurses the significant predictors of their attitude. Conclusion Nurses in northern Iran have a low attitude towards obesity and obese patients. There is a need for nursing managers to reduce the workload of nurses, especially those in special care units, and provide necessary education to nurses about providing care to obese patients.

Background & Aims A direct relationship between infertility in women and their exposure to domestic violence has been reported, and several interventions have been suggested to reduce the exposure to violence in infertile women. The current study aims to assess the effect of problem-solving skill training (PSST) on the exposure of Iranian infertile women to domestic violence. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group, which was conducted in the infertility clinic of Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A total of 80 infertile women who had experienced domestic violence participated in this study. The samples were selected using a convenience sampling method and were divided into two groups of intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) by the block randomization method. The intervention group received PSST online at 4 sessions per week each for 2 hours. The samples were followed up two months after training. To collect data, a demographic and obstetric form and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CST2) were used. Data analysis was done in SPSS v. 16 software by using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test. Results Totally, 38 participants in the control group and 34 in the intervention group were followed up. Physical assault, psychological aggression, sexual coercion, sustained injury, and the negotiation did not show significant differences between the two groups before and after intervention (P>0. 05). The mean of psychological aggression significantly increased after the intervention in both control (P=0. 001) and intervention (P=0. 026) groups. Conclusion PSST do not cause a significant difference in exposure to domestic violence between intervention and control groups of infertile women. The increase in exposure to psychological aggression in both groups after PSST can be due to the coincidence of the study with the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are recommended to provide PSST by face-to-face method along with exercises and group activities and teaching other skills such as communication skills.

Background & Aims Caring behaviors are the main duties of nurses. Creating a favorable clinical environment for the use of nurses’,capabilities depends on many external and internal organizational factors. By choosing an appropriate leadership style, nursing managers can increase the participation of nurses in decision-making, empower nurses, create nurses’,working motivation, increase nurses’,job satisfaction, reduce tension, and improve the performance of the treatment team. And as a result, they maintain or improve the quality of care and the community health. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the leadership styles of nursing managers and the caring behaviors of nurses in the selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted from April to July 2021. Participants were 214 nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Data collection tools were the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Wolf et al. ’,Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI) as self-report tools. They took about 20-30 minutes to complete. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, analysis of variance). The significance level was set at 0. 05. Results The highest score of CBI was related to the dimension of “, professional knowledge and skill”,(5. 17±,0. 66), while the lowest score was for the dimension of “, communicating respectfully”,(4. 71 ±,0. 64). which indicates that the physical dimension of care received more attention from nurses than the psychological dimension of care. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the CBI dimension of communicating respectfully and the MLQ dimension of avoiding involvement (P=029). Transformational leadership style (3. 43±, 0. 82) was the dominant leadership style in nursing managers, and the caring behaviors of nurses had a statistically significant relationship with their age (P=0. 032) and work experience (P=0. 003). Conclusion It is recommended that nurses pay more attention to the communicative and emotional aspects of care while maintaining and improving their knowledge and skills. The education and use of the transformational leadership style should be considered by nursing managers,in this leadership style, the presence of a realistic vision and the participation of nurses in decision-making and attention to the individual needs of nurses provides the possibility of developing and empowering them to communicate respectfully.