Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background and Aim: It is of special importance to consider disinfection principles for next use or all types of reusable trial contact lenses; in order to prevent of transferring infectious agents from one patient to another. The aim of this research was to study the rate of observing disinfecting principles forreusable color contact lens trial sets by the practitioners in the optometry and ophthalmology offices and private eye clinics in Tehran.Materials and Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 42 eye centers ( including 3 private eye clinics, 14 ophthalmology offices and 25 optometry offices) in Tehran using reusable color contact lens trial sets to present color contact lenses were checked. Samplings were made randomly from the surface of color contact lenses trial set (totally 65 samples obtained). Samples were cultured in standard laboratory conditions and the data were analyzed statistically for “Ratio Comparison Test”; using SPSS software (version 19).Results: In some samples, one type and in some others two types of microorganisms were grown concurrently. In 81.5% of the samples, the bacterial contamination including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Diphtheroids, and Macrococcus was observed and in 18.5% of the samples, no bacterial contamination was found.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that the present method in using reusable color contact lens trial sets may not be a suitable method.

Background and Aim: Teachers are one of the professional voice users, so voice disorders have higher rate among them. The prevalence of voice disorders is high (47.5 %) in them .Detailed information about voice disorders may be one of the most important factors for preventing it. This research is performed to investigate the relationship between Fundamental frequency and its possible changes in female primary school teachers with voice disorder.Materials and Methods: In this field cross-sectional survey, 90 female teachers in primary schools with mean age of 42.2 years were compared with 90 non-teacher females with mean age of 42.6 years. Background information was collected via interview and laryngeal assessment by Stroboscopy. Vowel production test was performed and recorded by Sound recorder program was assessed by Dr. Speech device and Real Analysisprogram. Data were compared between groups.Results: Results showed there was significant difference in fundamental frequency between groups (p<0.001). The mean of fundamental frequency was greater in teacher s’ voice (210.03±25.65 Hz) than in non-teachers’ voice (194.11±20.81Hz) (p<0.001).Conclusion: Finding reveals that age and years of occupation affect fundamental frequency in teachers group. In other words, increasing the age and years of occupation is related to decreasing of the fundamental frequency. The detailed information about the prevalence of voice disorders among teachers can prepare an appropriate situation for some preventional activities such as voice hygience and professional voice training.

Background and Aim: Considering appropriate different ways and views between optometrists and ophtalmologists about time of patching the safe eye, it was nessary to performe an investigation about this subject. The main purpose of this investigation was to compare two methods of part time and full time patching to find the least effective time in treatment of nonstrabismic and moderate amblyopia.Materials and Methods: The present study was based on clinical experiments and the tests were done by Autorefractometer, Retinoscope, Ophtalmoscope and Broken wheel. There were 4565 children in screening test. About 80 amblyopic children aged between 3-7 years old were selected from 125 cases with the problem of amblyopia. Periodical exams were done monthly. Independent T, dependent T, regresion, and Fisher’s Exact Tests were for statistical analyses (SPSS 18).Results: Eighty amblyope children were classified in 2 groups of closing safe eye in full time or part time patching. The difference of visual acuity was measured before and after treatment. There was not any statistical difference between 2 groups (p=0.293).Conclusion: Considering statistical results, the extent of improvement was equal between these 2 groups and there was not any meaningful difference between them. So, it would be concluded that in order to prevent unwanted side effects of closing the safe eye, an appropriate method for treatment of unstrabismic amblyopia may be the part time patching.

Background and Aim: Controversy regarding feedforward activation of transversus abdominis and limited studies regarding bilateral activation of trunk muscles during unilateral arm movement lead us to perform a study to evaluate bilateral anticipatory activity of trunk muscles during unilateral arm flexion.Materials and Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects participated in this study. The electromyographic activity of the right Anterior Deltoid (AD) and bilateral trunk muscles including the Transversus Abdominis/Obliquus Internus (TA/OI), Superficial Lumbar Multifidus (SLM) and Lumbar Erector Spinae (LES) during rapid flexion of the right upper limb in response to a visual stimulus was recorded and the onset latency and anticipatory activity of the recorded trunk muscles were calculated.Results: The cotralateral TA/OI was the first muscle activated in anticipation of the right arm flexion. The ipsilateral TA/OI activated significantly later than all other trunk muscles (P<0.0005). In addition, anticipatory activity of the ipsilateral TA/OI was significantly lower than all other trunk muscles (P<0.0005). There was no significant difference in either onset latency or anticipatory activity among other trunk muscles (P>0.05).Conclusion: Normal anticipatory activity during unilateral arm flexion was not bilateral anticipatory co-activation of TA/OI. Further surveys are required to detect normal muscle activation pattern in healthy subjects prior to prescribing bilateral activation training of Transversus Abdominis for subjects with chronic low back pain.

Background and Aim: Safe driving depends on the driver’s ability to receive messages from the environment, and adjust to them. Drivers obtain useful information about the environment by means of audition. So assessment of hearing state in drivers because of frequent exposure to road and car noise is an important issue.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 320 heavy and semi-heavy vehicle drivers in Isfahan city .Mean age and duration of professional driving of the drivers were 40.44±9.69 and 15.31±8.94 years, respectively. Participants underwent otoscopy and pure tone audiometry in conventional octave and half-octave 3 and 6 kHz frequencies. Data were analyzedbypaired-t and Pearson correlation tests via SPSS 11.5 software.Results: Among participants 174 subjects indicated some degrees of hearing loss (mild to profound). Comparison of threshold means between two ears showed significant differences at 3 to 8 kHz frequencies (P<0.05). The thresholds were worse in the left ear.Conclusion: Continuous exposure to noise pollution related to road and heavy vehicles may cause significant hearing loss in drivers at 4 kHz frequency and adjacent frequencies .So, there is a requirement for regular hearing evaluations, offering preventative strategies and some lifestyle changes in this profession.

Background and Aim: Immobility syndrome is the symptomsofphysical, metabolic, and mental disorder due todaily immobility andcauses disorder inbalanceof elderly people. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of yoga techniques on reducing mental symptoms of immobility syndrome in elderly women.Materials and Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post -test analysis that contains experimental and control goups. Statistical population of the current study was 65-70 year-old women which were members of elderly women Association of city Health Office in Area 2 of Tehran. After interviewing for thestudy of immobilization syndrome and applying Genetal health questionnair (GEQ),20 elderly women with low general health were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Using Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) test psychological status of participants were measured. Experimental group Received 8 1-hour sessions of yoga therapy monthly for a period of 2 months. No intervention was carried out for control group. The mental health status of both groups were evaluated after Yoga-therapy. Analysis of covariance was applied to analyze the data.Results: After applying yoga techniques, scores of experimental group were decreased in indexes of SCL-90-R (P<0.001).Conclusion: The literature suggeststhatyoga techniques have beneficial effects on management of anxiety, depression, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity symptoms and could lead to appearance of a balance in physical, emotional, and mental capacities of elderly women. Hence, yoga can be used as an alternative medical system for these disorders.

Background and Aim: In wrap around frame wearers, when a lens is tilted due to Face Form angle of spectacle, there is a change in the sphere power, and a cylinder is induced. This power change can be compensated by calculating the effect of face form angle. Although high contrast visual acuity is normal in both with and without compensating the effect of face form angle on the power of lenses, this raises the question of whether low contrast visual acuity is normal. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effect of face form angle on the lowest contrast visual acuity with/without calculating the effect of face form angle on wraparound frame wearers.Materials and Methods: An experimental study was designed in which two similar wraparound frames ‘with face form angle over 16 degrees’ were selected. 4% contrast visual acuity of 21 participants was tested with/without calculating the effect of face form angle on the best correction power.Results: The results of repeated measured ANOVA indicated that the overall comparison was significant (p<0.005). The greatest difference was found in non-calculating method (mean difference of VA=0.02 Log). The difference was less in calculating method (mean difference of VA=0.01 Log).Conclusion: The results indicated that use of wraparound frames with/without calculating the effect of face form angle in myopia between -3.00 and -6.00 D and with the rule astigmatism less than -1.00 D can decrease visual acuity in 4% contrast visual acuity when the face form angle is over 16 degrees.

Background and Aim: Acute oxidative stress directly contributes to tissue injury. Hydrogen molecule with the rapid penetration is able to penetrate the biomembranes and diffuse into the cytosol. Moreover, H2 passes through the blood brain barrier, although most antioxidant compounds cannot; this is also an advantage of H2. The aim of this article was to review the literature regarding the effect of hydrogen molecule on auditory system.Material & Methods: We searched Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed and SID search engines with the "antioxidant" and "hydrogen" keywords and read textbooks about this subject between 1973 and 2012.Conclusion: Hydrogen molecule as an antioxidant potentially has numerous benefits including rapid diffusion into tissues and cells. Also it is mild enough neither to disturb metabolic redox reactions nor to affect reactive oxygen species that function in cell signaling and the action mechanism of hydrogen molecule is performed via decrease of the enzymes involved in apoptosis and inflammation.