JOURNAL OF SPORT BIOSCIENCE RESEARCHES
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

The purpose of this study was to determine the relations between physical fitness and body composition with general health in overweight and obese high school girls. One hundred and one overweight and obese high school girls in Varamin city were randomly selected from available participants. (BMI) was calculated. Subjects with 85 to 95 Percentile (BMI) for age and sex (CDC) were considered as overweight and more than 95 were considered obese. To assess physical fitness status, muscle endurance (Sit-up), flexibility (sit and reach), cardio- respiratory endurance (running 548 m.), agility (running 4 by 9 m.), pectoral girdle muscle endurance (modified pull up) and sprint (45m) were evaluated. The Slauter and colleague formula was used to predict body composition. WHR was also calculated. The General Health Questionnaire was used to assess general health. The analysis of data showed that among the components of body composition only between body lean mass and body fat mass and body mass index with general health and body mass index was significantly associated with symptoms of social functioning (P=0.045). The relationship between physical fitness with general health and its sub scales was not significant (p=0.292) which can be caused by sampling error. Moreover, the relation between flexibility, cardio- respiratory endurance with some of general health and its sub scales was significant (P=0.038). As far as there was negative relation between physical fitness level with general health index and decrease of its marks, which is the sign of lack of physical and mental health and being significant relationship between flexibility, cardio- respiratory endurance variables with some of general health index, it is possible that physical fitness factors involved in the health of people. Therefore, with considering the findings of this research we can expect that doing physical activities are necessary for overweight and obese teenagers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the motivation and commitment of volunteers in 9th & 10th collegian sport Olympiad of Iranian universities and institutions. The statistical population of this study were included all of the volunteers (400) who were participated in this event. Regarding to the population, the sample size of this research, according to Morgan table, was 196 people selected with simple random sampling method. Han (2007) questionnaire was used for data gathering. The Questionnaire reliability determined with Alpha Chronbach's statistical test (a=0.89). We used K.S test, independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA for analyzing data. Findings showed that the motivation mean for 9th Olympiad (M= 3.30±0.645) and commitment (M=2.89±0.54) and the motivation mean for 10th Olympiad (M=3.08±0.62) and for commitment were (M=3.68±0.54). There has been no significant difference between volunteer motivation in 10th collegian sport Olympiad in terms of demographic variable (Education level F=1.115, p=0.351) and (Volunteer experience F=2.174, p=0.102), but there was significant difference between volunteer commitment in terms of demographic variable (Education level F=4.646, p=0.006) and (Volunteer experience F=5.512, p=0.002). Other findings of this study was that, there has been significant difference between motivation (t=3.914, p= 0.001) and commitment (t=2.159, p= 0.032) of volunteers in each period. According to these findings it is obvious that, ideal volunteer management will be achieved when university sport managers will be able to understand the causes and motivations of people’s volunteerism, and organize the volunteerism program structure according to these findings. The least conclusion of this thought in university sport is attracting and developing committed volunteers in order to have constant presence at sporting events.

This study aimed to examine variability of practice (constant and variable practice), on effector independence-the ability of an individual to execute a practiced task with different effectors-on basketball lay-up shooting. 20 females (12 to 20y), that all of them were novice and right hand selected and assigned into two groups (constant and variable practice) randomly and practiced basketball lay-up shooting. Pre- and post-tests were conducted during program. Results from Anova repeated measurements showed that in both constant and variable groups, the main effect of time is significant (p<0.05), meaning that both groups improved in task. The main effect of practice scheduling and interaction of time and group was significant (p<0.05), showing that the participants of variable practice could perform the task with their unpracticed hands. In general this pattern of results supported the “effector independence” hypothesis.

Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and its reconstruction often lead to a long rehabilitation period and may result in future impairment such as reduced range of motion, reduced strength and difficulty with functional abilities such as jumping, twisting and cutting (8). In this study, the effectiveness of acceleratory trainings protocol after meniscutomy and ACL operation in athletics has been evaluated.Methods: 34 athletes with age average 24.9 who undergone reconstruction of ACL via HTG technique 4 layers and meniscutomy via meniscus arrow system technique selected and randomly divided into two 17 subjects’ traditional and accelerated groups. The accelerated group performed the accelerated rehabilitation protocol (18) and the traditional group performed a traditional rehabilitation program. At the end of 6th and 12th months, Knee self-efficiency scale (K-SES) for Physical and psychological condition was evaluated. Also Lysholm scales, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), single leg hop for maximum distance, anterior knee pain and Cincinnati Knee Rating scales have been used. A Repeated measure ANOVA and T-test were used for data analyzing at 0.05 levels.Results: In both groups a significant increase in the K-SES score was seen during the course of rehabilitation. In accelerated group the K-SES score was higher than traditional group (p£0.05). Accelerated group, in muscular function and subjective performance, was significantly better than the traditional group and returns to higher competition levels rather than traditional group (p<0.05). In the other symptoms there was no significant difference between the two groups (p 0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that in the accelerated group the K-SES scales score, balance, subjective and objective performance were higher, this may be due to the treatment protocol. This deficit in strength has a strong relationship with failure in individual's athletic performance and causes a decline in individual’s subjective function.

In judo, a large portion of competition time is spent to hold the opponent, the first condition for the implementation techniques. The aim of this study was the effect of local massage on endurance power in judokas claw grips. For this reason, 10 Judokas voluntarily were participated and examined in two sessions with one-week intervals. The exercise Protocol was including 3 sets of 120s claw grips dynamometer in the premier hand, so that the frequency of exercise and rest intervals were considered as 10 seconds in each set. 2 minutes passive rest was considered between sets in the first session, while in the second session, the rest between sets was associated with a two-minute massage. For statistical analysis, ANOVA with repeated measure and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test were used (P<0.05). Results showed that the observed differences between dynamometer claw grip serials with both methods of recovery (massage or passive rest) will follow a similar pattern. According to these findings, in the short recovery period, interference with local massage (to realize a faster return to the initial state) is not necessary, especially if the people who are familiar with local massage interfere, because it has the danger of deviating from its normal recovery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxic exposure on indices of mountaineers’ pulmonary function. For this purpose, 12 female mountaineers (age 29±2 years, height 162.41±4.5 cm, and body weight 54.15±1.3 kg), after completing the health questionnaire and familiarization with spirometry test and hypoxicator set, one day before the intervention took part at the pretest spirometry and then divided randomly into two control (without hypoxic intervention) and experimental groups (breathing 5 min hypoxic air and 5 min normoxic air intermittently during 3 wk and 5 days per week). One day after the last day of intermittent hypoxic intervention, the post-test spirometry were done. Results showed that performing a course of intermittent hypoxic training, causes only significant increase in PEF. There was no significant change in other parameters including VC, MVV, FVC, FEF25%-75% and FEV1 in both groups.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three creatine loading methods (2, 4 and 6 days) of physical and physiological abilities on athlete male students. Twenty athlete male students (20.6±1.92y, height 179.7±5.5 cm, weight 80.1±3.10 kg) in Sanandaj University, who were volunteers for participation in this study, are divided into two groups randomly. In this study, control group that had placebo and the other group was the experimental group that had creatine supplementation. Anthropometrical measurement, weight, body composition, agility (running 4 by 9 m.), speeds (45m) and 1RM records of subjects were measured in pretest. In other day, creatine loading period was beginning at 7 days and 20 gr/day. All tests and measurements were measured at third day (2 day method), fifth (4 day method) and sixth (6 day method). A day before each testing day, resistance training with %75 to %85 intensity was performed (1st, 3rd and 5th days). The results are exerted in descriptive charts. In final level, in order to investigate the difference between parameters, statistical tests such as repeated measure, bonferroni and independent t are used in significant levels of (p<0.05). Data analyses are shown that after 2 days creatine loading, strength and anaerobic power were increased significantly, but no significant difference were observed in muscle volume, speed, agility, weight and fat percentage (p>0.05). Also, after 4 days creatine loading, weight, speed, anaerobic power and strength were increased significantly, but no significant difference was observed in agility, fat percentage and muscle volume. After 6 days creatine loading, all parameters were improved significantly, except fat percentage. According to the findings, we suggest to use 5 days creatine loading method in some sports that are dependent on strength, anaerobic power and speed, and to use 6 days creatine loading for weight, muscle mass and agility increasing.

Objective: This research is focused on analyzing the relationship between somatotype and column and lower limb deformities of those with Down syndrome but there are no sufficient researches in this area. Materials and methods: The subjects of study were 30 Down syndrome female students, with average age of 16.5 years old, average height of 139.86 cm, average weight of 60.76 kg, who were selected randomly to participate in the study. This research is done based on descriptive-cooperative method. Spinal column deformities were measured by New York test, posture screening and lower limb deformities were measured by tests related. Somatotype was measured by Heath-Carter method which measured variables including: height, weight, 4skinfolds, 2 girth (upper arm and calf), 2 breadths (humerus and femur). The relationship between some of deformities with somatotype was analyzed using chi-square test (X2).Results: The findings include the average BMI 30.76 and HWR 36.14 (% 86.66 of subjects were Endomorph, %10 Ectomorph, and %3.33 Mesomorph). Body mass index studies showed the participants of this study were (%23.33 of the normal rang, %36.66 of the over weight rang, %50 of the obeuse rang). The rate prevalence of deformities included: Neck Lordosis %60, Torticollis %20, Scolisis %6.6, Kyphosis of Thoracic %10, and Lumbar Lordosis %63.33. The results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant relationship between somatotype and deformities: Neck Lordosis, Torticollis, Scolisis, and Kyphosis, while there was a significant relationship between Endomorph and Mesomorph with Lordosis.Conclusion: Somatotype in person with Down syndrome was more, and endomorph and prevalence of column deformities among them was related to the high Lumbar Lordosis.