BREEDING AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCES QUARTERLY
Year:2013 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

This study was performed to compare the stress levels of anesthetic between Clove extract, Lidocaine and Sodium bicarbonate in males of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frissi kutum). 12 samples of reproductive males were anesthetized by 400 mg/lit of the clove extract, 300 mg of Lidocaine and 39 mg/lit of sodium bicarbonate. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit level in clove extracts treatment and cortisol levels in Lidocaine treatment showed a significant increase compared to the control. The number of red blood cells between the control and other treatments did not show significant differences. White blood cell count and hemoglobin levels were significantly different only in the case of sodium bicarbonate, but the Hematocrit compared to control samples in sodium bicarbonate and clove extracts treatments increased significantly. In conclusion the combination of clove extract and Lidocaine had less stressful effects than the other treatments.

Probiotics are alive microbial cells which have beneficially effects on the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Probiotic strains in fish, crustaceans, mollusks and even planktons. Another way to improve the gut tract microflora is application of Prebiotic substances. The present investigation was conducted to study the influence of Probiotic Primalac and Prebiotic Fermacto supplementations on the growth parameters and survival rate of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This study was designed as 7 treatments with triplicates. For this purpose 2100 fingerling rainbow trout with initial weight 2±0.12g were stocked in 21 cement tank (3×0.5×0.7m) in abundance of 100 specimen in each tank. In this study application of Probiotic and Prebiotic supplementations was led to improvement of growth parameters. Maximum weight gain and survival rate were recorded in treatments 3 and 4, which treated with 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg Prebiotic. Maximum percentage of weight gain and protein efficiency rate were observed in treatment 3 with 0.2 g/kg dietary Prebiotic. The best feed conversation rate was observed in treatment 4 with 0.4 g/kg dietary Prebiotic. As the conclusion the treatment 3 which contained 0.2 g/kg dietary prebiotic was best diet.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of crowding stress at 4 levels (6, 9 (control), 12 and 15 fish per aquarium 76 liter) on growth indices (weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF)), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate of goldfish (Carassus auratus) over a period of 5 months. Biometric characteristics of fish including total length (cm), weight (g), growth rate (g), specific growth rate (g/ day) and feed conversion ratio were determined every two weeks. Goldfish with average weight 3.50±0.27 g, were respectively divided in 4 treatments 6, 9, 12 and 15 fish per tank with 3 replicates for each treatment. After the end of the trial period, the average weight of fish in each group were recorded 14.79±2.61, 15.98±0.32, 33.15±1.47 and 14.2±0.30 g, respectively. With the increasing crowding of goldfish, growth indices, including secondary weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate showed a significant difference (P<0.05), but condition factor did not show significantly different (P˃0.05). Survival rate were not significantly different between different densities (P>0.05). The results of this study, density significantly affected the growth, but had no significant effect on survival.

Diazinon and Deltamethrin are one of the most important organophosphate toxins in control of insects during agricultural and urban usage. This study that was done at Ornamental aquaculture center in Toushan village (Golestan province). Acute toxicity test (LC50), NOEC and LOEC of Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare) were detected during exposure to Deltamethrin and Diazinon. Adult Angelfish (with length and weight range 13-15 cm, 9-9.5 g) were exposed to different doses of toxins for 96h in treatments with 21 specimens (3 replicates with 7 fish in each one) and mortality rate was recorded. During the test, feeding and water exchange were stoped and pH, temperature, hardness and DO were measured and fixed. SPSS software and Probit statistical analysis were used in toxicity test mesurent. After 96h, there was 100% mortality at doses of 40, 80 ppm Diazinon and 0.40 ppm Deltamethrin. LC50-96h were 19±0.196 and 0.17±0.02 for Diazinon and Deltamethrin respectively.

A study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary prebiotic inulin on the growth performance, survival, body composition, intestinal microflora and stress resistance of gibel carp juvenile (carassius auratus gibelio (for 60 days. After acclimation, fish (5.24±0.05 g) were allocated into 12 aquariums (20 fish per aquarium) and triplicate groups. Commercial Biomar diet (containing 38.8% protein and 15% lipid) were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g inulin kg-1. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 1.5 g inulin kg-1significantly improved final weight, body weight increase, specific growth rate, Feed intake (P<0.05). However, survival was not significantly affected by dietary inulin (P>0.05). Crude lipid of fish fed 1.0 g inulin kg-1 was higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets, whereas body protein was not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). No significant elevation of low pH stress and salinity stress were observed in the fish fed diet 1.5 g inulin kg−1 (P>0.05), but resistance rate to high pH stress and thermal stress (P<0.05) increased in fish fed diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 g inulin kg-1, respectively. The results indicate that dietary administration of inulin at the level of 1.5 g inulin kg-1can influence on growth, body composition and stress resistance of juvenile gibel carp.

Nowadays, using anesthetic materials in aquaculture is obvious, so we have different use of anesthesia materials which varies according to situation and availability. Availability and reasonable price are the advantages of the anesthetic materials. The anesthetic effects of Watery extract, Methanolic extract, Ethanolic extract and Essence of Pterocarya fraxinifolia plant were investigated in juvenile common carp (90±10 gr) for the first time in the world. Methanolic extract of Pterocarya fraxinifolia at 100 and 200 ppm concentration, had a considerably and different effect on fish’s anesthesia. Thus, the fish exposed to watery extraction did not show any stages of anesthesia even at 500 ppm concentration. Ethanolic extraction at 100 and 200 ppm concentrations showed only at the level (1) & (2) of stage two anesthesias and had a effect at 1000 and 2000 ppm concentration. In all experiments four variables: time loss of balance, anesthesia time, recovery time, and time to return to equilibrium response to external stimuli were measured and recorded. The best performance of Pterocarya fraxinifolia extract was at 200 ppm concentration, 25oC and pH of 7-8 was observed. In this study, Methanolic extract of Pterocarya fraxinifolia plant as an anesthetic for common carp had an effect, no losses in any process of the tests and a week after it was found.

Cyprinidae are the largest freshwater fish and also seen in estuary and brackish Common carp has grew and developed then it has immigrated to Black and Aral Sea naturally. There are different carp populations in parts of the Southeast, Southwest and West of Caspian Sea.This study evaluates the haplotype frequency distribution and the digested PCR product of the cytochrome oxidase gene for common carp in three areas of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan).According to the results 8 haplotype of caught specimens from Mazandaran and Golestan province had highest value (38.095%) and 5 haplotype from Guilan samples had lowest value (23.809%).

Water environment and its quality is important for fish and crucial to health and success of aquaculture. Today, considering the limitations of the custodians of water aquaculture, fish density increases, less the amount of replacement water. Therefore the filtering charachteristics of Kvapvnyk reed (Pheragmites australis) on the hardness, alkalinity and pH of rainbow trout farm effluents were examined along 2 months. 9 raceways were constructed with dimensions 200L×50w×30h cm made of piping and equipment were adequate. Treatments include of straw, sand, straw and sand and Daptasyvn the original trial took place Water quality factors including total hardness, alkalinity, pH were examined along the research period. Treatments including the straw decreases hardness and alkalinity without any significant contrast (p>0.05). PH levels were decreased significantly in contrast with inlet water (p<0.05). Results showed that the treatment straw and sand have more efficient to other treatments.