SOCIAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN IRAN
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Educational or academic alienation as one of the forms of alienation means the separation of students from the learning process and the experience of isolation from a school or college group that a person must belong to it or involved in it. The present study tries to analyze the relationship between Hysteresis in academic field and academic alienation among Mazandaran University. The method is survey, and statistical population consists of all students of Mazandaran University in the academic year 2015–2016, in which 390 students were selected by Cochran formula as sample with classified sampling, and the questionnaires were distributed among them. The theoretical framework of this study is Bourdieu's theory of incompatibility (Hysteresis). After collecting the data, the research hypotheses were analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential by SPSS and AMOS packages. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient, there is a positive and direct impact between academic field (restricting norms, weak educational sociability) and the dependent variable (academic alienation). Also, based on the test results of research theoretical model, which was done by structural equation method, the components of academic field explain 40% of the dependent variable changes (academic alienation).

Having unity, mutual acceptance and tolerance even by having a different of apposite beliefs, not having humiliating behaviors among the ethnic and religious groups as well as bridging gaps and social distance, are important issues in all ages and countries, particularly for cultural institutes. This research has been done to study the relationship between religiosity and social distance among Muslims and Christians in Tehran, with a considerable emphasis on tolerance. The theoretical framework is a combination of theories of Durkheim, Robertz and Alport. The statistical society consists of Muslims and Christians over 18 years old Tehran. The method is survey, and data gathering has been performed from 204 individuals (cluster selected sample). Results show that there is a direct relation between the level of religiosity and social distance between Muslims and Christians, while between the level of social tolerance and social distance, there is an inverse relation. Based on regression results, the level of social tolerance has the most effect on social distance, and then religiosity and the religion type are significant factors affecting the social distance. Over all, variables of regression equation (religion type, religiosity, social tolerance) explain 49 percent of social distance changes.

The aim of this article is sociological reflection in the traditional left's approach to “development” in Iran's post-war period (1988-2005). The research is the case study of the Organization of the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution as one of the most important, consistent and ideological party in Iran's reformist movement. Before Khatami's election in 1997, this organization was the critic of economic adjustment policy. Turning into the legal opposition, the Soviet collapse and the crisis of leftist ideology, social and cultural changes in Iran and the rise of new values and new social forces, and dealing with new intellectual concepts, have put the organization into the center of evolution. After this election, the organization transits to reformation and gives priority to the reorganization of political order. This approach has broad implications in the theory and in the political and social practices. The present paper studies the process.

This research is to study the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran about time through calendar. Governments all over the world need to set their boundaries in place and determining their seat in time, to define their identity and gain legitimacy. Calendar is a means which politics of time are reflected in its frame. Continues changes of calendar, congestion of anniversaries, and establishing a special institute to fix anniversaries and supervising on it, shows the government attention to calendar and special policies run on it. This research’s theoretical approach includes Durkheim’s theory of distinction between sacred and profane times, Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory and Hobsbawm’s theory of invention of tradition. In order to study the policies run on Iran’s calendar, the historical method was employed and the documents in general culture council were perused. Research findings indicate a policy most focusing on the society’s past, which tries to deliver a special narrative of the society, based on its interests and its present situation.

Academic alienation refers to emotional or cognitive separation from various aspects of the educational context such as the process of education and learning, campus, professors, other students and sense of separation from scientific production, and briefly ideal homo-academic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of academic alienation among students of Isfahan University and some of its determinants. This research has been done paradigm by the survey method on undergraduate and graduate students in different fields. Findings of measuring academic alienation in five dimensions: powerlessness, meaninglessness, anomie, cynicism and social isolation, show that the average of academic alienation among students is slightly above average, and the degree of feeling of powerlessness and cynicism is more than other aspects. Also based on the results, interaction with professors, academic motivation and attitude of significant others towards education have a direct impact on reducing academic alienation. On the other hand, satisfaction of major, attitude towards career future and educational self-concept have and an indirect impact on reducing students’ academic alienation. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations are provided for policy making.

In present research, the impact of social and cultural capitals’ components on the attitude of Tehranian couples going to marry will be studied. In this survey research, a sample of 400 Tehranian couples going to marry referring to health centers were selected by the method of multistage sampling, and were studied by means of questionnaire. The independent variables used to explain attitudes of couples going to marry toward childbearing include: social trust, social support, social participation, network of social relations, social media networks, consuming cultural products, institutional cultural capital, and embodied cultural capital. Regression analysis showed that studied variables explain about 16 percent of the changes in attitudes toward childbearing. Also, based on path analysis, among the studied variables, the most important determinant of attitudes toward childbearing is the variable of social participation variable with beta coefficient of 0.329, and after this variable, the variables of social media networks, institutional cultural capital and embodied cultural capital have the highest share in the attitudes of Tehranian couples toward childbearing in Tehran. Furthermore, the variable of consuming cultural products as a centric variable affecting the dependent variable is affected by the other variables.

Public institutions are not the only agents of urban governance. Focusing on two other institutions namely NGOs and city councils, this research probes the question of participation. The aim of this research is to study the way in which people participate in the procedure of urban governance. To do so, the study concentrates on different districts of Tehran, namely 6, 7, 11, and 12 districts. It also draws on qualitative research as the method and conducts 11 in-depth interviews with people from varied NGOs and 8 people from city councils of the above 4 districts. The interviews were coded and analyzed according to determined categories. Results show that there is no significant constructive relation between NGOs and city councils, on the one hand, and between these two and the public institutions on the other hand. Neither is there a suitable context for the NGOs and city councils with considerable expertise to participate in the urban affairs. One can also witness the decreasing sense of belonging to the neighborhood even within the traditional districts such as 11 and 12. The research argues that part of this is due to the increasing rate of social problems and decaying social capital. This situation, in turn, tore apart the basis for citizen participation.