Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Year:2003 | Volume:10 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

The researches have shown that mental practice has the effective role in aquisition of motor skills. On the other hand in orthopaedic rehabilitation, balance exercise is used effectively to improve proprioception impairment that resulting from joint injuries. Little work has been done to evaluate and compare the effects of mental (M), Physical (P), and mental-physical (MP) practice on standing balance. This study was designed to assess and compare these effects. Sixty normal healthy volunteers randomly assigned in four groups. Control, M practice, P practice, and MP practice. M group imagined balance exercise on wobble board, P group performed that actually, and MP group performed both procedures together. Each group performed its practice daily up to five days. All subjects were evaluated to determine their average balance time at both the begining and the end of practice period. Results were compared in each group and between groups. Each three exercise groups showed significant improvement in compare with control group (P<0.001). There was considerable difference between MP and other groups in balance inhancement (P<0.0001). No significant difference was seen between improvement of M and P group. The results showed that all practice methods enhace balance. So it is reasonable to consider mental practice as temporary suitable replacing in individuals who are unable to do P practice due to bed rest or any musculoskeletal injury making P practice contraindicated. In addition patient who performs MP practice can achieve best results because of strong effect of MP practice on balance training.

This clinical study, carried out from 1996 to 1999, was aimed at assessing the effect of varicoceletomy on the spermogram of patients with subclinical varicocele. A total of 142 patients (mean age 28.1±14.3) with varicocele (63 with subclinical) took part in the study. All individuals were informed and were satisfied to get involve in the study: Two spermograms were recorded one at the beginning and the second one two weeks later in both study patients and control groups. Three to six months after varicoceletomy (high ligation of the internal spermatic vein) two other spermogram with the interval of two weeks were performed on all individuals. The spermogram's results before and after operation were compared among the individuals of each group. While the results of spermogram of the patients with subclinical varicocele did not showed a significant change after operation, the spermogram of those with clinical varicocele improved significantly after operation. On the other hand bilateral and right varicocele in the patients with subclinical symptom was more prevalent than the other group. Secondary infertility in the patients with sub-clinical varicocele compare to the other group was much higher. As a result, operation on the patients with sub-clinical varicocele did not show a significant change compare to the patients who suffered from clinical varicocele (result of spermogram before and after operation). This study guides us to select other methods of treatment rather than surgical operation in subclinical varicocele patients. So we recommend checking other infertile (v causative factors such as hormonal abnormality, internal urogenital abnormality, And immunological disorders before deciding to perform varicoceletomy in this group.

Although occurrence of sudden and extensive hemorrhage is not a new subject,  however due to high morbidity and mortality a high level of experience and expertise is required to control the situation-Single adrenaline injection that is fast and very potent has been used in order to maintain BP and help the use of blood saved in other parts of the body. During 1375 to 1381 a total of 8 patients were confronted with extensive and sudden hemorrhage-1furingheart surgery. All of them experienced sudden arrest or a sharp decrease in blood pressure. Six cases had rupture of the descending aorta of which three had surgery due to coarcetation of the aorta and three had PDA. In these patients one case had extensive cardiac rupture due to cutting of sternum and adhision and one with aortic aneurysm in upperabodmen. In this study, in coordination with the attending surgeon, the place of the rupture was first clamped and the patient was placed in trendelenburg position. Then adrenaline was injected (an average of 17 injections). At the same time other methods were used for, the survival of the patient. Twenty minuts later the clamp had set in partial. Blood pressure was maintained at a minimun level during hemorrhage and HR and BP were recorded. None of the patients in this study had morbidity or mortality related to the hemorrhage, although one of the patients deceased later on due to the repeated hemorrhage. Therefore this method is presented as a way of controlling sudden and extensive hemorrhages.

The purpose of this study was evaluation of anesthesia success rate of 3% mepivacaine compared with 2% lidocaine 1/80000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block in thirty voluntary students. All of the subjects were healthy and had not received any medicament. They participated for two appointments and each time randomly received an inferior alveolar nerve injection with one of the anesthetic solutions. Before anesthesia the first molar, second premolar, and canine teeth were tested with electric pulp tester (EPT). After injection, when subjects felt numbness in inferior lip, the time for starting of anesthesia was recorded according to schedule time from 3 to 49 minutes after lip numbness. When teeth had no response to EPT in maximal output, the pupal anesthesia was achieved. The t paired test was used for data analysis. Results showed that although subjects felt numbness in their lips, anesthetic success was defined only 76.6% in molars, 73.3% in premolars, and 66. 7% in canine teeth after injection of mepivacaine. Success was defined 66.7% & 76.7% in molars and premolars and 53.3% in canine teeth when 2% lidocaine 1/80000 epinephrine was administered. No statistically significant difference was found in onset, success or failure rate between both anesthetic solutions in lidocaine group, however, premolar and molar teeth showed significant differences with canine teeth.

In all medical centers electrocardiography is one of the first steps in the evaluation of patients suspected of heart disease. It is therefore clear that distinguishing normal from pathologic patterns in electrocardiography is of utmost importance. The aim of this descriptive and analytical study was to determine the normal electrocardiography indices in all leads and to investigate the influence of age and sex on these indices. For this purpose 500 healthy subjects were selected with the simple sampling method. After obtaining an electrocardiography and calculating the indices, the results were analyzed yielding the following results: Since in most cases P wave was negative in DIII and VI leads and T wave in VI and avF we can consider these negative waves as normal. At least in certain leads the great majority of electrocardiography indices had significant relationships with age and sex. Most notably QRS interval which increases with age in all leads and QT interval that was longer in women than in men in all leads.

Treatment of Leishmaniasis which is endemic in 97 conutries around the world is important and is ranked among research priority of WHO. As the number of resistant types to glucantim (drug of choice) is increasing, investigation on the effect of other drugs like allopurinol seems essential. In this survey, we cultured L-Major ASKH5 promatigotes in different media containing glucantim with concentrations up to 250 mg/ml. Then we observed the cytological changes of L-Major ASKH5 promastigote and investigated and compared the effect of different concentrations of alloporinol (from 0.0025 to 0.5 mg/ml) by measuring the growth rate percentage of wild and resistant types. Our cytological survey showed that the size of promastigote and the length of its flagell decreases while the number of pseudoamastigot forms increases in the resisting process. After 48 hours of incubation, the growth rate of wild type was more than resistant type. Also, the growth rate of the wild type under the influence of allopourinol was decreased significantly.However, increasing allopurinol concentration did not have significant effect on the growth rate of wild type. The growth percentage of resisant type was reduced at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.02 mg/ml of allopurinol, while it had no significant effect at higher or lower concentrations. As a result of this survey, it is recommended that allopourinol to be prescribed as an oral and cheap medicine for the L-Major wild type, but it is should not be prescribed alone in the resistant type.

Ejection fraction is the most important indicator of heart failure. Angiography is a standard method to demonstrate ejection fraction but it is invasive. Therefore determination of sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography versus angiography is a good guidance for physicians. A total number of 50patients were enrolled in a prospective study. Two dimension and M-Mode echocardiography were first done in patients candidate for angiography and then they underwent coronary angiography. Sensitivity for M-Mode and 2D echocardiography was 59.4% and 43.8% and specificity for them was 100% and 94.4% respectively. The difference between the calculated amount of decrease in ejection fraction by 2D echo and angiography was statistically significant (p<0.0001) and for M-Mode echo and angiography was P=0.003. This means that with decreased ejection fraction, both echocardiography methods have less diagnostic accuracy in comparison to angiography. Pearson's correlation coefficient between calculated ejection fractions by two modes of echocardiography and angiography was r=0.78 for M-Mode and r=0.44 for 2D which means a stronger correlation between M-mode echocardiography and angiography.

The researches have shown that mental practice has the effective role in aquisition of motor skills. On the other hand in orthopaedic rehabilitation, balance exercise is used effectively to improve proprioception impairment that resulting from joint injuries. Little work has been done to evaluate and compare the effects of mental (M), Physical (P), and mental-physical (MP) practice on standing balance. This study was designed to assess and compare these effects. Sixty normal healthy volunteers randomly assigned in four groups. Control, M practice, P practice, and MP practice. M group imagined balance exercise on wobble board, P group performed that actually, and MP group performed both procedures together. Each group performed its practice daily up to five days. All subjects were evaluated to determine their average balance time at both the begining and the end of practice period. Results were compared in each group and between groups. Each three exercise groups showed significant improvement in compare with control group (P<0.001). There was considerable difference between MP and other groups in balance inhancement (P<0.0001). No significant difference was seen between improvement of M and P group. The results showed that all practice methods enhace balance. So it is reasonable to consider mental practice as temporary suitable replacing in individuals who are unable to do P practice due to bed rest or any musculoskeletal injury making P practice contraindicated. In addition patient who performs MP practice can achieve best results because of strong effect of MP practice on balance training.

Isolated traumatic cuboids dislocation is a rare injury of which ten cases has been only reported. The reported case in this article is a 12-year old boy who had felt from height and his cuboid bone was dislocated due to severe inversion and plantar flexion injury to the foot. There was not anyother fracture dislocation in his extremity. Closed reduction was unsuccessful therefore the bone was reduced by open reduction and internal fixation with two smooth pins and short leg splint was applied. There were not any complications and the prognosis was good.