JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:21 |Papers Count:8

Monitoring and evaluation is an integral and crucial step in any development program. The lack of monitoring and evaluation also multiplies the deviation of the program during implementation, and greatly reduces the achievement of its intended goals, and, in addition, improves the timing of the program and repeats past mistakes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of monitoring and evaluation in different periods of Iran's development plans. The status of monitoring in the structure of the institutions associated with the development program reflects the amount of planners' attention to the issue of monitoring and its effectiveness. Various factors, including the independence of the supervisory authority, the non-interference of the duties of various regulatory bodies and assessment methods, and... affect the effectiveness and effectiveness of monitoring. In order to achieve this goal, we examine the rules and programs of different courses using the library method and analyze the information obtained by extracting the materials and items related to monitoring and evaluation. The results show that limiting the monitoring method in the reporting method and the instability of the related structure of the supervisory authority is one of the most important factors in reducing the level of monitoring and evaluation credit in Iran's development programs and minimizing its effectiveness.

Oil revenues play an important role in the economy of Iran and on average, 56% of the Iranian government revenues originate from oil resources. Therefore, dependence of public budget on oil revenues, makes the unpopularity of of fiscal policies and periodic fiscal policies in the economy. Accordingly, the shock of oil revenues plays an important role on government's behavior in allocating consumption expenditure to social, economic, public and defense affairs. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamic effects of oil revenues on the government behavior in the allocation of consumption expenditure to the social, economic, public and defense affairs in Iran, that using Vector Autoregressive model and impulse response functions (IRF) and variance decomposition analysis (VD) techniques in the period (1978-2015). The most important result of impulse response functions indicate that oil revenue shocks in the short run have a positive effect on the allocation of consumer spending in social, defense and public expenditure. Also, the results of of variance decomposition analysis indicate that oil revenue shocks have the largest share in change of economic expenditure, but had little effect on social and public expenditure.

In recent decades, concern about global warming as a result of rising greenhouse gas emissions has increased. Human activities, especially energy use and fossil fuels, play a major role in the release of these gases. Considering that population growth has led to increased energy consumption and consequently higher atmospheric pollution, some believe that population growth will exacerbate environmental problems. Hence, this paper seeks to investigate the empirical and theoretical analysis of the relationship between population growth and air pollution. In this paper, using panel data method, the impact of population growth rate, per capita GDP and second-generation GDP per capita, as well as the value added of the industrial sector, the openness of the economy, urban population and per capita energy consumption has been investigated on emission of carbon dioxide for MENA countries over the period 2014-2000. The results of the empirical research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between population growth rate and air pollution for MENA countries. Also, the results confirm the existence of Kusnets' environmental curves for the countries of the MENA region.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run relationship between saving and investment on Iran’s economic growth, with emphasis on the structural breaks during 1960-2016. To achieve this goal, the Zivot & Andrews unit root tests are used for determining the endogenous structural changes and comparing traditional cointegration test Engle-Granger and in absence of the structural breaks with Gregory-Hansen and Saikkonen & Lutkepohl in the presence of the structural breaks. This article differs with other studies in Iranian economy for three reasons: attention to the long-run effects saving and investment have on economic growth in the form a multivariate model, attention to structural breaks in unit root test and cointegration tests, and estimating endogenous break point. Cointegration tests results in absence of structural breaks indicate that there is no long-run equilibrium relationship between model variables, while the results cointegration tests in the presence of structural breaks indicate a long-run (and positive) equilibrium relationship between the variables of the pattern.

The main purpose of this research is study of cause and effect relationships among budget deficit, money supply and inflation rate in Iran over the years 1981-2015. For this purpose has been studied the long run and short run relationship among budget deficit, money supply and inflation rate by using vector autoregressive econometrics approach (VAR) and vector error correction model (VECM). Then in order to study causality relationship among budget deficit, money supply and inflation rate during the period under review was used granger causality test and for this purpose has been used eviews software. The results of long run normal vector showed money amount and budget deficit have had positive and significant effect on inflation rate during the period under review. Also based on the results of granger causality test there is a direct or indirect relationship among all of the variables in the model. Based on these results, money supply causes inflation and budget deficit causes money supply and a continuous increase in budget deficit leading to more money supply and money supply leading to more inflation. On the other hand there is a two way causality relationship between budget deficit and inflation.

The experience of recent years shows that proceeds from the sale of crude oil, it causes fluctuations in export earnings. Export policies should be changed to non-oil exports in order to reduce Iran's dependence on crude oil exports. This will not happen As long as there are opportunities available for export in different sectors and these opportunities will be implemented. This research has been investigated the export Development Strategies for Khorasan Razavi Province to Central Asian Countries. The necessary statistics were collected through interviews with experts and exporters of Khorasan Razavi province To Central Asia. It was done in 2017.110 questionnaires were completed for this purpose. A spatial regression model was used to examine the factors affecting exports. Results showed that the export problems are within the province and the country. And external problems, such as political relations with target countries and sanctions, have a slight drop in exports. The support of the embassies, the lack of active advisers in the target countries, the independence of government agencies, the cost of goods and the political problems with the countries of Central Asia are barriers to export development. Existence of strong infrastructure for export such as Sarakhs Special Economic Zone and the production potential of the province in the field of agricultural and industrial products is one of the most effective factors on export development is the province.

The main purpose of this article is to review the comparative analysis of the effects of the prosperity index on income distribution in the selected middle income and high income countries. This paper is an applied, causal and deductive research. The results of the fixed effects model show that the prosperity index has a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient (as an index for income distribution) in the selected countries during the period 2016-2009. The results also declare that the prosperity index has a stronger effect on the Gini coefficient among selected middle income countries compared to the high income countries. This result asserts the weaker prosperity atmosphere in the middle-income countries, and also shows that any improvement in prosperity index has a bigger effect on income distribution compared to the high income countries. Prosperity has a big role in economic performances because it stimulates intelligence, ability and motivation resulting in higher productivity, economic growth and better income distribution. While, sadness and pain cause indifference and indolence, thus reduces productivity. Results also show that the size of the government and the unemployment rate has positive and significant effects, and ICT has a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient (as an indicator for income distribution). Moreover, the results conclude that the government size, unemployment rate, and the ICT have stronger effects on the Gini coefficient the middle income countries compared to the high income countries.

In order to prevent the accumulation of jobs, so far, there are many regulations in our country's legal system. Nevertheless, the problem of some occupations remains in Iran more or less. The reformers and writers of law have identified factors as the source of this problem, explaining the implications of several occupations, and suggesting solutions. In this regard, the present article, by explaining the legal nature of the occupation, the classification and characteristics of the occupations and the formulation of the public organizations, is the root of the problem in the first place, the disadvantage of the above and the next, the carelessness of the main legislator in the exceptions to the principle 141, and some ordinary laws, such as the Prohibition Act, search for more than one job. The paper analyzes the professions of the judiciary and the notorious official documents, and also points out some of the bad consequences of several occupations, ultimately proposes to outsource more than one occupation.