Journal of Comparative Literature
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:22|Papers Count:12

The poetic image is one of the Aesthetical poetry elements which has been considered by critics since before. Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkanei and Jaber Osfoor are Persian and Egyptian contemporary critics who have concerned it in the new. This descriptive- analytical study tries to introduce and analyze the critical views of these critics in confine of two books: the book figurative language by Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkanei and book of poetic image in critical and imagery legacy of Arab by Jaber Osfoor because their critical views are important about of poetic image and this is not study in this ground. The findings show, Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkanei's critical view are more complete than Jaber Osfoor's critical view. But These critics state common description of image and practice more, they have concerned simile and metaphor among poetic image elements and believe: The image is essential to relate by the other poetry elements like, sentiment and music more. Jaber Osfoor's critical views are more complete than Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkanei's critical views in topic of poetic image duties in poem and Jaber Osfoor express plenty and main duties toward poetic image like: statement, satisfy of reader, overstatement, understatement. On the other hand, Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkanei's view was inspired by Abdol Ghaher Jorjanei, but Osfoor's views originated from the previous critics such as Jahez, and Hazem Ghartajennei.

One of main discussions of contemporary literature concerns with woman and her place in family and society. Regarding this fact that Feminism schools have pretext of defending women's rights, marriage as the social great problem on the contrary with woman's value, this essay tries to see the role of woman as wife and her presence in Persian, Arabic contemporary poems, to evaluate woman's place (wife) in family and society due to literature, it has used Islamic thoughts of marriage, realistic aspects of de Beauvoir's criticism due to Sartre's existentialism. This essay shows Persian, Arabic poets have mentioned their own wives, their names in their poems, they have defined house abounding with love and sympathy, and they have mourned in their loss. The main goal of essay tries to answer how wife's images have been shown in Persian and Arabic poems?

The present article examines the specific interpretation of Steve Barron of the book entitled One thousand Nights in recreating it in the film. The issue is how much the film has affinity with the text and how much is it far from it, is it possible to add the new interpretations to the text of One thousand Nights? The goal approves that recreating is done, but it is not copy, instead it is a new cultural works in the artistic sublimity. The essay tries to adapt the film of One thousand Nights by Barron with Persian, Arabic text of One thousand Nights, the results show that Barron has made One thousand Nights his own property due to his own world view far from the text, to recreate Orient. Methodology is based on literary adaptation of Linda Huchman who concerns with the origins.

Nazar Qabbani and Forough Farrokhzad are great contemporary Iranian and Arabian poets who are shirked from Romanticism to social Symbolism school under the impact of intellectual developments and political-social situation... Farrokhzad's poem "someone who is like nobody" and Qabbani's poem "waiting for Gudu" have considered the Savior concept under the influence of the Samuel Beckett's famous play. In this article, we attempt to concern with the importance of these two poets in Persian and Arabic literature and value of comparative literature at new criticism by comparative view and comparative analytical approach to the similarities and differences between the two works, and how to deal with influences from Beckett's plays. The findings show that Forough and Nazar have considered this issue with a similar vision, so that the rhetoric, symbolization and poetic image in the poetry of the poets is close to each other and the difference is that the language and poetic words of Forough is more subtle than Nazar words as well as the life expectancy and emerge of the redeemer savior is more manifested in her poetry.

Woman's place had the specific situation in society and in various cultures. Woman has a salient position in history of ancient Iran that was contemporary with civilization and culture of Arabs form Saminejad, Roodan and Arabs of Saudi, Iraq, Syria and so on and these two cultures have many similarities and differences in social position and cultural factors. The present research is based on analytical- descriptive method, to assign the social position of this creature among these two cultures based on historical, literal, educational, epic and, literature and comparing differences and similarities of them in class structures of society. Due to findings of the present research in various periods of Iran and on written or oral references and religious, moral sources, in various classes woman in various classes of owners or common people, free of prisoned, had appropriate rights and advantages in various stories, poems, myths, tales, and the stony, ancient inscriptions in the different classes either aristocrat or common people, all and all concerned with the suitable salary and advantages in their social position, but, devoid of Arabian, aristocrat of social higher position, it is necessary to mention that , there is not an appropriate behavior with women among these tribes.

Siavash and Sudaba, are the Iranian pairing plants myths of death and rebirth that in an inevitable course of ancient mythology, merely followed the fate of Mesopotamia pairing plants myth of the death and regeneration. Due to author's research, it seems that water goddess causes the plants gods falling into the descending world of the death. In this paper, the authors try to have a comparative review of the mentioned myths based on a mythical critic analysis and also to investigate the origin of these pairing plants in both Iranian and Mesopotamia civilizations. In order to achieve this aim, in the widespread presence of these mythologies, falling into the descending world and the theme of sacrifice and resurrection in some samples of Persian and Arabic poetry and literature are analyzed. The final results of the present research indicate that on the one hand the emergence of the myths in two civilizations is based on water in the situation of the great-mother, the vegetation and the plant as the essence of life, and on the other hand, the theme of pairing plant mythology in both civilizations includes a religious origin which results from variable climatic and geographical conditions with minimum precipitations and draught, so the ritual aspects of this myth from the ancient times up to now have been retained in water and yearning for rain in both civilizations. In the standard language includes popular folklores and the original poetry which are lasting and eternal.

One of manifestation of the unity of thought, mythology is mythical concepts whose because of the combination of themes of the collective unconscious motif which have concerned more among poets that have philosophical intellectual, cultural, social or special attitude. As matter of fact, myths is social phenomena in symbolic language which has been shaped in worldly cultural system. Khalil Havy and Ahmad Samlu, are the poets who have concered the myths especially the religious myths in their poems. The mythical concepts especially those of messengers are the symbols which can be referred to religon large number of myths have used in his poems Mythological roots in the ancient heritage of such as: myths of death and rising, lazr, Ongha illustrate the main veins of the myths used by two poets, they use myths were influenced by saint books, while they have transformed the religious myths to achieve the goals such as Laaz, and Ayoob. These poets have used religious myths to tie the social, political movements, in order to create beautiful works. This comparative study is based on American school to examine the common points of religious myths in Khalil Havy's and Ahmad Samlii's poems.

Lahooti and Zahavi, two well-known poets of Iranian, Iraqian contemporary history, have concomitantly lived, during the Constitutional, both in Iran and Iraq, a group of people who linked poetry to everyday life and led poetry to people's different social icons had an important role in poetry's development and improvement. The goal of study is to examine Lahooti's and Zahavi's poems in the field of criticism, complain, the difference and similarities of their poems, in order to make bridge between the contemporary literature in Iran and Iraq. This study is descriptive, analytical due to American school of comparative literature in the light of similar political, social, economical conditions in Iran and Iraq in the foresaid career, besides, it is necessary to concern the similar field including intellectual contamination, criticize the dominating system, complaining colonizer's presence, the criticism of ignorance, fear, and the dominated nation, in order to show the political, economical and social sub-structure leading to the common subjects in Lahooti's and Zahavi's poems to complain them.

The present paper tries to examine, one of the rhetorical categories, means "prohibition" in Persian and Arabic rhetoric, in order to show that the results show repetition in the composed works, so that, after collecting and deleting repetitions, we conclude that these illocutionary meanings are posed common in 19 titles of Arabic rhetorical books and 16 Persian ones. Among the contemporary Persian authors, it is Rezanezhad who has added 20 other titles to them. The number of the prohibition illocutionary meaning increases to 36 (with deleting the similar and repetitive, 33 titles). Although, at the first sight and regarding the thematic classification, we can classify the prohibition illocutionary meanings to three titles: guidance prohibition, warning prohibition and devotional prohibition, then with theorize we can add these titles and meanings, finally according to scientific methodology, we can present a new title and definition for them.

Comparative and comparison is the method of accessing the original truths. Form and formalism is the main field of artistic, literary creating. There has been the conceptual relations between Persian and Arabic poems. Moshfegh Kashani and Mahmud Darvish are contemporary poets who have concerned oxymoron very much. Their goals emphasize on the context of created images. Regarding the great poet's creative mind, one of main methods of creating such images is to mind the contextual meaning of poem. This study has used descriptive-analytical method due to American school of comparative literature, to examine their common thoughts by oxymoron, then brining some poetic features, the oxymoron approach has been merely used to sympathize other humans. The structure of oxymoron in their poems are in two forms: paradoxes with two clear foundations and paradoxes in which one of foundations was belonged to it.

As matter of fact, humor is especial method of social, critical, political concepts, has concerned an important place in the literature of nations. Humorists use humor to reform society. It is in Arabic literature, Jahez is the first person who has compiled humor. He is pioneer in the humor of Arabic literature, Obeyd Zakani is the father of Persian humor of literature. The social conditions has caused these people tend to humorous literature. Hence, their humor is social political following moral literature. This study is to examine the humorous intentions in Jahez's and Obeyd Zakani's literature, their common aspects of humor, due to descriptive, analytical, comparative methods. Haez and Obeyd are similar in their contemporary age, then they have approached to humor to criticize contraries, especially in expressing greediness in the society.

It was in the decade of seventies that two units were assigned as comparative literature for B.A. students instead of M.A. and by the committee program of science organ in Arabic language and literature groups. In such condition, I composed entitled Al Adab Al Motagharen (Lessons on Theories and Comparative), to provide the students and colleagues and young teacher's needs, this book is the result of close study as extracting ten, authentic sources of comparative from beginning, in order to introduce this science as the scientific methodology, to consider the gradual formation of it in the historical bed, or the different approaches in the simple, fluent language for native students and young teachers in theoretical, comparative fields. After studying it in a term, they learn the necessary information, the new horizons, to consider future. This book has been composed by two respected teachers; Mahmud Heidari from Yasuj University and Farhad Rajabi from Gilan University, have been criticized. After studying the different criticism and greeting the critics either in positive and negative aspects, the authors have considered the goals of composing the book have rejected the contextual criticism devoid of formative aspects, and they have some approving on their rejection, and they criticized that the book hasn't logical coherence, struggle or culture, western culture, non-biased, scientific consideration, renunciation of titles of science organ, excess the theories in Islamic, comparative literature have answered some insults considering fair and the well method of debate, it invites the respectful critics to closely study the book in comparative literature considering all aspects.