Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2017 | Volume:4 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: Victims of violence were common in communities where the relationship suicide students and causing damage in the process of studying. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the bullied scale in elementary school.Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive and of correlation studies' type. The study population all secondary students in Qom in the 2014-15 school year. For this purpose, 400 students (200 girls and 200 boys) were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. All of them Harter's victim scale and subjective wellbeing questionnaire to complete. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analyses to Cranach’s alpha method were performed. Also Samijima graded answer model was used for the data analysis & fitness.Results: Results showed a single-factor model fit is good. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale 0.78 and for girls 0.66 and for boys 0.85 there. Also, evidence showed validity victimization with subjective well-being -0.16, discipline -0.18 and academic achievement -0.30 showed a significant relationship (p<0.1). There wasn’t a significant difference in victimization between boy & girl. The data obtained from questionnaire data had a suitable fitness with Samijima model & test awareness function in the range -0.7 to +2.2.Conclusion: The Farsi version of Harter's victimization scale had acceptable psychometric properties and could be used as a reliable and valid instrument in psychological research.

Background and Objectives: Deaths from traffic accidents are a major public health problem in all societies, especially in the low and middle-income countries. This study is done to investigate the epidemiology of fatal road traffic accidents in Fars province.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, we estimated the standardized mortality rate, mortality rate per month and day according to traffic level on suburban highways. We used data collected by the Traffic statistics available on the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization website and Legal Medicine Organization from fatal road accidents analyzed by Stata-12 software. This study was funded by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved the study.Results: In the year 2012, total 1379 deaths occurred due to road accidents in Fars province. The age-adjusted incidence rate of fatal traffic accident was 30.02/100000 and mean of age was 36.66±20.45. The mortality rate was higher in men (77.81 %) and self-employed, in the age group 25-34 years, married and illiterate. Most of the decedents at during the accident and died due to head injury. The most of the fatalities were related to drivers (43.65 %), followed by the vehicle occupants (35.75 %). Considering the traffic rate on suburban roads, the highest death rate occurred in the September month, 4 o’clock AM and Abade-Shahreza and Shiraz-Marvdasht-Saadatshahr pivots occurred in the province.Conclusion: Due to the high incidence and high prevalence and deaths by self-employed driver’s suburban routes, preventive measures such as precise traffic surveillance and enforcement the regulations for safe driving are considered essential.

Background and Objectives: Burn is one of the most common causes of injury in the world. Burnt patients have a longer period of hospitalization than other trauma patients. It also leads to long-term disfigurement, disability, psychological consequences and delayed growth and development in children. Improvement of our information about how and where the burn occurs is the first step in burn injury prevention in children Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from pre-school children that those hospitalized in the Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran from September 2014 to September 2015. Hospital information system was used in this study with respect to Helsinki declaration about ethical issues. SPSS 11.5 software was used for data collection Results: In a calendar year, 182 (26%) out of 701 of acute burn patients were pre-school children that burn was more common in boys than girls (59.3% to 40.7%). More than 90% of burns were occurred in residential homes and kitchens with 112 cases (61.5%) was the most common place for burn injury in pre-school children. All burn injuries occurred because of thermal energy and none of them have occurred as a result of electrical or chemical origin. The percentage of burn incidents with hot liquid were (62.6%) of which hot water’s share was 54.9% as the most common liquid.3.85% of burns led to death, of which, gas explosion was the most common cause.Conclusion: The majority of burn incidences were at the residential homes and especially in the kitchens which signifies the importance of parental surveillance and educating children about safety issues. Educational booklets about simple safety issues and proper use of kitchenware, especially those that deal with boiling water could be helpful. With regard to the main reason of mortality (gas explosion) paternal role should not be ignored.

Background and Objectives: According to International Labor Organization report, incidents resulting in injury in the workplace have undesirable outcomes on the human, social and economic. Identify the factors contributing to the rate of job incidents, can be useful in preventing them. One of these factors is organizational variables. The aim of this study was to investigate transformational leadership and work-safety tension as predictors of job incident reporting rates is the employees of an industrial company.Materials and Methods: In this analytical-cross study, the population is all line employees that work in an industrial company.265 employees were selected by stratified random sampling method. Participants were measured by using a transformational leadership style scale, perceived work pressure scale and incident reporting rate scales. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by applying the Spss-19 software, and for validation, the confirmatory factor analysis AMOS-21 software was used.Results: Findings indicate that correlation coefficients between transformational leadership with incident reporting rate were negative and statistically significant (p<0.0001). Correlation coefficients between work-safety tension with incident reporting rate were positive and statistically significant (p<0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that safety-job pressure and job transformational leadership can be predicted by the job incident reporting rates (R2=0.283, p<0.0001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed the importance of the transformational leadership and work-safety tension as the predictors of job incident rate. It is recommended that work task placement in high risk operations must be done with such variables.

Background and Objectives: Furnaces as a major process of manufacturing brick and chalk are considered as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between energy consumption of the furnaces of brick and chalk and environmental pollutant emissions in the city of Qom.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted of year 2012-2015. General information and entrance permit were acquired by the respective unions in the city of Qom. Ten field visits randomly chosen from either chalk and brick manufacturers were conducted. In addition, further information regarding the energy consumptions from electricity and gas companies was obtained. The amount pollutants produced from the energy consumption were calculated by using software that available on the website: http//www.abraxasenergy.com/emissions.Results: The calculated emission of pollutants such as: carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, Nitrous oxide, lead, particulates, sulfur dioxide, cadmium, mercury were 1001000, 1296.82, 185.7, 41.68, 16.69, 15.19, 14.42, 4.84, 2.4 and 0.316 kg/month, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the level of pollutants which was higher than comparable industries, strategies such as: rationing fuel, forming an environmental monitoring committee and more efficient control of combustion and burner’s maintenance and application of air purification techniques for pollutants prior to their release through furnaces’ stack was recommended.

Background and Objectives: Propane is classified in gas hydrocarbons and storage as a liquid in tanks is used as fuel for machines and heating equipment. Given that, the main risk associated with propane is the risk of high flammability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reducing the volume and working pressure propane tank on the consequences of the effects of flash fire and jet fire.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on a tank containing propane single-phase material in Kerman Sarcheshmeh copper complex in 1395. Information about this study was collected through a field survey.Risks related to the tank were identified and possible scenarios were selected based on identifying risks. The data obtained were analyzed by PHAST software.Results: Most sudden fire death rate was related to leakage from a 150 mm gap in the first scenario with a radius of 254 meters and the lowest affected death was due to thirtieth scenario with a radius of 109 meters. Most radiation (37.5 kW/m2) of fire that caused deaths and destroyed the surround building was the third and fourth scenario with a radius of 105 meters. The least death consequence with a radius of 39 meters was due to thirteenth scenario.Conclusions: The modeling results in different types of fire modes, showed that effect of consequences could be reduced significantly with half the volume and pressure.

Background and Objectives: Traffic accidents are regarded as one of the most important health problems and threats to the well-being and health of the general population and is introduced as the leading cause of years of life lost and years lost due to disability in the world. This study is performed to estimate the burden caused by traffic accidents in the province of Qazvin.Materials and Methods: The population of the study was covered the population of Qazvin province in 1390.In this study, deaths resulting from traffic accidents were calculated the years of lost life due to premature death were obtained from death registration data system. The analysis of data used the methodology of the World Health Organization to estimate the number of years of life lost due to premature death, the number of years lost due to disability and disability-adjusted life years were done by Excel and spss16 software.Results: During 1390 in Qazvin province the number of disability adjusted life year resulting from traffic accidents was 8.5 per thousand that was 1.6 per thousand due to premature death and 4.2 per thousand due lost disability.Disability Adjusted Life Year’s (DALY) rates were 13.9 and 3.4 per thousand in men and women respectively. The highest DALY was recognized in the age group of 15-29 (4.12 per thousand).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, DALY as the result of sum of years of life lost (YLL) and years of life lost due to disability (YLD) from traffic accidents in Qazvin province is higher than the global average. The authors of this study recommend the authorities in charge of road safety, vehicle safety and traffic, to enforce the traffic regulations more seriously for reduction of DALY due to road accidents.

Background and Objectives: Many injuries were reported from unsafe behaviors, their roots are from workers’ risk perception and behavior. The construction industry is one of the riskiest activities in most countries, is involved with many occupational hazards. Due to the lack of a comprehensive study on this subject, the objective of this study was to assess the effective factors on risk perception of employees in construction sites in the city of Tehran.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was used to assess the risk perception of construction 100 laborers, foreman and technicians in the construction industries in Tehran. Two types of sites including residential and commercial projects were studied. The method of information gathering was interviews with completion of a validated questionnaire. It included demographic, work-site information and some questions about risk perception containing: work motivation, the impact of family and friends, the impact of work environment and safety knowledge and also injury history of subjects. Data collected within 2 consequential months in 2016. Chi-Square test, Linear Logistics, ANOVA and t-test using SPSS software were employed.Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the age of the subjects was 30.3 years with 7.3 respectively.The level of their knowledge in regard to safety, one month prior to data collection was only 38%. Overall %72 of subjects believed that they need safety education training. The incident rate of occupational injuries within the past year and prior month were %27 and %10 respectively. The mean score for risk perception for all subjects was 123.8 (95% CI: 121.4-126.2) of maximum score of 150. There was a significant correlation between 4 components of perception, including work motivation, the impact of family and friends, the impact of work environment and safety knowledge (p<0.001).Conclusion: Work safety and risk perception of the construction workers were not rated very favorably. Therefore, promotion of their risk perception through setting appropriate policies and educational training must be considered for prevention of occupational injuries and general risk management.