Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Children’s mortality has been recognized as a health indicator as well the human millennium growth development. This study aimed to compare the rate and causes of under 5 children deaths in Iran, Eastern Mediterranean Region and the world using the World Health Organization in 2012 and The Millennium Development Goals Report in 2014.Materials and Methods: It was a Descriptive - secondary data analysis. Different health and population data sources from national and international reports particularly from World Health Organization and The Millennium Development Goals were assessed. Then the cause specific mortality rates for under-five children in Iran as well as 20 Eastern Mediterranean countries were analyzed and compared with their corresponding worldwide statistics.Results: Under 5 children mortality rate in Eastern Mediterranean Region was 57 per 1000 births which are in second rank of the world after the African region. This figure is 18 in Iran that is in the 11th rank in Eastern Mediterranean Region In 2012, in the world and Eastern Mediterranean Region more than one-third of the children’s deaths related to prematurity and respiratory infections, but in Iran, prematurity (23%) was the most cause of death following genetic disorders.Conclusion: Death rates in under five children have a decreasing trend in the world, Eastern Mediterranean Region and Iran during 1990 to 2012. This figure is on average of Eastern Mediterranean Region in Iran. Under 5 children mortality rate in Iran is higher than the world average most related to injuries, genetic disorders and prematurity, therefor these causes must be considered as a priority by decision makers and health planners in Iran.

Background and Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders have become a major public health problem and national priority in many countries. Using systematic review and meta-analysis, this study set out to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in order to provide results with higher statistical power.Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in upper extremity in Iran was performed with some keywords using databases and search engines such as SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Medlib, IranMedex, and Pubmed. Twenty- seven published articles from 2001 to 2010 were searched. Meta-analysis and random effects approach was used to evaluate the heterogeneity of articles.Results: The total sample size was 6090 workers with a mean of 225 samples per study. The prevalence of workrelated neck, shoulder, elbow, wrists, and upper back musculoskeletal disorders were 31.8% (95% CI: 24.1- 39.4), 36.8% (95% CI: 29.4 – 44.1), 17.4% (95% CI: 12.17 -22.1), 34.6% (95% CI: 27.1- 42), and 38.1% (95% CI: 29.9-46.4), respectively.Conclusion: A high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in upper extremity, especially in shoulders and upper back was observed in Iran. Ergonomic and industrial hygiene training program was recommended for reducing the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Background and Objectives: Failure to comply with environmental health regulations can seriously affected the performance of the medical laboratory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental health standards in medical diagnostic laboratories in Kerman, Iran.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kerman, 2014. In this study we evaluated 21 laboratories from private sector and 4 laboratories from public (governmental) sector. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 25 questions in various fields of environmental health. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 19 software and using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test.Results: The mean and standard deviation of scores related to the compliance with environmental health standards in all studied laboratories was 21±4.4, from maximum score of 25. Statistically significant difference was observed between public (governmental) and private laboratories scores (P=0.02). About two-thirds (64%) of the all surveyed laboratories and more than three quarters (76.2%) of the private laboratories had desirable environmental health situation, but no governmental laboratory found that had fully good environmental health situation.Conclusion: Our results showed that there is not high rate of compliance with the environmental health standards in Kerman medical diagnostic laboratories and we need to improve management practices and careful planning as well as continuous monitoring in the public and private laboratories.

Background and Objectives: Crashes, in addition to playing a major role in health effect, impose many direct and indirect costs to the society. The problem is more prevalent in developing countries, such that crashes account for a primary cause of death. This papers aims to study the impact of road crashes on the increase of the value added of the transport sector between 1393-1369.Materials and Methods: The impact of road crashes on the increase of the value added of the transport sector is modeled using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model though Microfit and Eviews softwares. To study stationarity and co-integrity of variables, the order of cointegration of variables, and then the optimal lags, is determined. In the next step, the number of co-integration vectors of the model is determined; consequently the optimal model is deduced. Variance decomposition of the forecast error method is used to study explanatory power of the variations of the number of road crashes on the value added of transportation.Results: The results of estimating the model indicates that one percent increase in the number of accidents, decreases the growth rate of value added of the transport sector by 0.054 percentage point. Furthermore, in the long term, first the logarithm of the labor and then the logarithm of crashes of the road transport sector have the most ability to explain the growth of value added of the transport sector of the state.Conclusion: The results of this paper indicates that in the long run crashes negatively impact on the growth of value added of the transport sector.

Background and Objectives: The Road Traffic Injuries in IRAN are causing deaths, injuries and economic losses, every year. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of safety equipment to reduce the severity of head and face injuries due to accidents in motorcycle and car drivers.Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 249 head and face accidental patients referred to Shahid Rahnamoon and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals in in the first nine months of 1390 were selected using the simple sampling method. Data collected by a questionnaire and analyzed. As well as, bone fractures and bleeding in the brain detected on CT scans.Results: The mean age of patients was 38±23 years and 67 patients (26.9%) were women and 182 (73.1%) were male. One hundred sixty five patients (67.1%) had a motorcycle accident, and 82 patients (32.9%) had a car accident. Loss of consciousness in eight patients (3.2%) was severe and face bone fracture was in 80 patients (32.1%). Brain hemorrhage was happened in 39 persons (15.7%). Thirty six patients were used helmet, and 37 car drivers were used a safety belt in the accident. The correlation was exist between using of helmet, seat belt and airbag with decreasing of the head-face trauma (p<0.05).Conclusion: Using self-equipment during driving with car and motorcycle will decrease the head-face traumas in accidents, dramatically.

Background and Objectives: Aggressive behaviors are common among children. Considering the importance of education in promote preventive behaviors of aggression, this study was performed to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the prevention of aggression among fifth grade female student in Karaj city in year 1393-94.Materials and Methods: This study was educational intervention. The study population was 144 students (experimental group: 73 and control group: 71). Students were selected through a Multi-stage Sampling method. The data gathering tool was a valid and reliable researcher designed questionnaire which completed by student at two time (before and 2 months after education). After pre-test, 8 educational session classes were performed in interventional group students. Collected data analyzed by means SPSS version 16 software and using T- test, paired t-test, linear regression and Analyze of Covariance.Results: The mean scores of attitude (P<.001), intention (P<.001), perceived behavior control (P<.001) and aggression preventive behavior (P<.001) in intervention group had significant differences compared with control group after the intervention. Linear regression test showed that perceived behavioral control have most effect of predictive for intention (b=.438, p<.001) and behavior of prevention of aggression (b=.267, p<.040).Conclusion: The results showed perceived behavioral control component is most effect predictor of intention and preventive behavior of aggression and with its change may be able to prevent incidence of aggressive behavior among student.

Background and Objectives: Motorcyclists are one of the most vulnerable road users. This study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological pattern of road traffic injury among Iranian motorcyclist.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study all traffic injury records which was registered by traffic police experts’ using COM 114 was studied. The questionnaire included different dimensions: human, environment and vehicle. Distribution and consequence of death and injury outcome were calculated in mentioned dimensions. The rate of death and injury in country provinces were calculated using demographic information. The correlation between outcome and related factors were calculated using the chi-square. Significant level was considered p<0.05.Results: Generally 107,993 accidents related motorcyclist were occurred that the outcome were 2622 death and 82340 injuries. About %50 of motorcyclists were 20-29 years old. The most common cause of accident were neglect forward, lack of yield sign, move in the opposite direction. There was significant correlation between types of outcome and age, drivers’ license and education, location (urban-rural), weather condition, type of lighting situation among motorcyclists(p<0.05). Bushehr and Tehran provinces had the highest and lowest death respectively.Conclusion: The study showed that the risk of death and injury was higher among no license motorcyclist, more than 44 and less than20 years old and illiterate than other road users. Also the risk of fatal and serious injuries was more on suburban and rural roads and at sunrise and 4-6 pm.

Background and Objectives: Driving with an unauthorized speed is one of the most important human impacts on traffic event occurrences, which results in death or severe disabilities. Not regarding the speed limits by drivers In Iran, is known as one of the effective factors in vigorous accidents and resulting in death. So the main goal of this project has been the investigation of driver’s attitudes toward the restricted speed plan in Golestan state’s highways.Materials and Methods: This project has been practical in state of goal and also survey- descriptive in state of execution. And its statistical society has been all the drivers passing highways that 240 car drivers and 60 truck drivers were chosen by simple random sampling method, and evaluated by questionnaire. The questions had been about social and economic features and drivers attitude toward the policies of speed restricting, considering different situations.Results: The outcomes showed that 68.4 percent of car drivers and 73.3 percent of truck drivers were agree with accurate speed restricting policy; and speed being controlled by the police or speed camera installation, makes the drivers reduce their speed more than when seeing warning signs or hearing media operations. But more investigation showed that the drivers who were driving at highest speeds were younger ones and had crashes before. So based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that there is a meaningful connection between crashes, fine bills and maximum speed.Conclusion: The ongoing project shows the car and truck drivers’ attitude toward assessments of speed restricting in Golestan state’s highways, it can help politicians with developing effective and appropriate speed restricting plans in InterCity’s highways.

Background and Objectives: In the initial phase of the process design using the principles of inherent safety is much more efficient, because it was cheaper and more efficient process to be included. In this research have been tried to introduce a comprehensive index to assessment of the process inherent safety. Then using indices evaluated inherent safety Acetic Acid production process and the accuracy of the indexes have been studied. Materials and Methods: While the comprehensive information is not available in the initial phase of the design process. Also, the use of the valid index to assess the inherent safety can be very effective. Why so, by comparing the quantitative results can be selected the best route, in order to design safer process.Results: The main reaction heat, the greatest amount of heat adverse reactions, flammable, explosive and toxic vulnerability, corrosion and finally chemical interactions and the process safety indexes of inherent safety (storage of materials, process temperature, process pressure, safety equipment).Conclusion: Overall rating index inherent safety in the production of Acetic Acid and in part of the distillation was estimated 29 and 19 respectively. In the other words, the distillation process in contrast to reactions was safer.