Journal of Animal Research
Year:2016 | Volume:29 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:12

The present study was investigated the effect of starvation and L-carnitine supplementation on biochemical (plasma total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and liver glycogen) and non-specific immune (plasma lysozyme activity) parameters in yellowfin seabream. In this study, a number of 240 fish with mean 3. 23± 0. 46 g were randomly fell into four groups (three replicates, n=20) in 60-L plastic tanks. Two groups were fed in daily manner and the other two ones were kept starved for 7 days once in 2 weeks. Two groups of feeding regimes were fed with L-carnitine free basal diet and the other were fed with 800 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet. Cyclic fasting led to significantly decreased plasma total protein, cholesterol, glucose and significantly increased plasma triglyceride, liver glycogen and plasma lysozyme activity, whereas in both the feeding regimes, no significant difference was detected in plasma glucose, liver glycogen and plasma lysozyme activity of fish fed with 800 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet. No significant differences were observed in biochemical and immunological parameters under combined cyclic fasting and L-carnitine supplementation. The supplemented Lcarnitine diet significantly decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (P<0. 05). In light of the above results, it can be noted that in both feeding regimes the diet containing 800 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet had an important role in lipolysis and increasing protein sparing effect of lipids in yellowfin seabream.

Superfamily Cynipoidea is a large group with about 223 genera and 3000 species in the world. In this study fauna of this superfamily were studied in Sistan region. Samples collected in 2010-2011. All samples were collected by sweeping net and Malaise trap. Tottaly, eighty samples were collected which consist six species belonging six genera and four subfamily as follow: Melanips sp. from the subfamily Figitinae, Aspicera abbreviata Belizin, 1952 and Callaspidia aberrans Kieffer, 1901 from the subfamily Aspicerinae, Alloxysta brevis Thomson, 1862 from the subfamily Charipinae, Isocolus sp. and Saphronecrus irani from the subfamily Cynipinae. Callaspidia aberrans is recorded for the first time from Iran.

Study of behavior of aquatic animals is a sensitive indicator to toxicant stress and ecologically can using it to measure the effect of pollutants on aquatic organisms. In this study, were investigated orientation behavior of two groups of infected to lead and Healthy (uninfected) hermit crabs toward target was studied upon exposure to background seawater containing chemical cues in concentrations predatory odor (1, 2, 4 g/l/24h) and Food odor (1, 2, 4 g/l/24h). Also, the assumption was that the hermit crab Diogenes avarus ability to understand the chemical and based on orienting to the target and contaminant of Lead can affected the orientation behavior of this species. The results showed that uninfected samples 1) in the control treatment exhibited uniform orientation, 2) In the treatment of food odor, orientation significantly increased towered the bait and 3) in the treatment of predator odor, hermit crabs oriented significantly toward the opposite direction of the target side. Also the result indicated that the Lead affected the orientation behavior of hermit crab because of, all of the treatments showed uniform orientation. This observation is probably due to the neurotoxins nature of Lead or animal energy reduction due to removal of contaminant from its body. Generally, hermit crab has ability of understanding the chemicals and orientation diagnostic power based on visual and chemical information and contaminant of Lead impacted on this its abilities.

Objective of the present study examines some biological characteristics of the sand smelt in the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea (between of Gohar Baran and Neka power house) in Mazandaran province. Accordingly, some of the biological characteristics such as age, sex, growth and nutritional parameters were studied. The mean (± SD) total length and weight were 8. 48± 1. 21 cm and 3. 81± 1. 48 kg, respectively. There is a significant correlation between them (P<0. 001). The length and weight of relationship (exponential regression) with equation W= 0. 008 TL2. 866, negative growth pattern is show for fish in the area. Van bertalanffy growth equation was determined Lt=13. 47[1-e-0. 27(t+1. 61)] for the entire fishes. The sex ratio was between of male to female 1: 1. 85, Statistically significant differences were observed in them (X2 =20. 61; P<0. 001). Increase with age the rate of decreased gonad sexual index (GSI) and curved top has been accessed in the month of March. Increase with age the rate of decreased Condition Factor (CF) and curved top has been accessed in the month of May. Between the nutritional parameters of index were studied, the relative length of gastrointestinal of index (RLG), the void stomach of index (VI) and intensity of food (IF). Accordingly, RLG index with a mean (± SD) 0. 46± 0. 06 is indicative of a carnivore, VI of index with 45 percent of the stomach is empty, indicating is condition relatively polyphagous and middlephagous and also IF of index with a mean (± SD) 535± 221. 21 showing optimum limit fish food for the area.

In this study, the protective effect of Iranian Golpar on the acute hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen over doses has evaluated. 80 Wistar male rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups (n=5). Control groups, only DMSO and acetaminophen groups, 500 mg/kg b. w. injection of acetaminophen (i. p) dissolved in DMSO received. Treatment groups received Golpar essential oils (100 and 200 mg/kg b. w) with acetaminophen (500 mg/kg b. w) (i. p). Then, the rats were killed after 4, 8, 16 and 24 h and their plasma and liver tissues were collected for estimating the concentration of glutathione (GSH), proxidasion lipids (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and the activity of glutathione s-transferase (GST) with biochemical methods were estimated. Indeed, the levels of liver enzymes; alanin Teransferase (ALT), aspartate Teransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase ALP of the serum were measured. Hence, the histopathology assessments were performed in the liver. The results of the study showed that the Golpar essential oil could significantly prevent from decreasing of GSH, GST and FRAP and increasing of the liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation after severe acetaminophen toxicity. Also, the histopathological findings of the liver tissue was confirmed the above results. Therefore, the Golpar essential oil could remarkably protect the liver tissue against the stress oxidative induced by acetaminophen.

Three treatment and control groups were established in a CRD experimental plan with three repeats on 144 fish of approximately initial weight of 2. 7 ± 0. 1 gr. to study of the ornamental parrotfish skin colorization fed earthworms Eisenia fetida reared by many natural pigment plant resources as carrot, red beetroot and red cabbage. Feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of supplementary dietary these reared earthworm with commercial dialy diet (one time a day of total three). Control groups were fed supplementary on the common reared earthworms for the entire experiment. The pigment accumulation (red-orange pigments) on the many tissues of the reared fish as skin, dorsal fins, tail, operculum and so the flesh, obtained by the possibly effect of special fed earthworm diets were measured spectrophotometrically. Final measurments of the skin coloration were done with Color Meter set TES 135 (L*a*b parameters) andso by carotenoid concentration measurement method. Therefore, it was determined the natural plant pigment sources of the red beetroot had an increasing effect on the colorization of the dorsal fin and tail, skin and flesh of the reared fish as well the red cabbage on the operculum of the fish (P<0. 05). Concerning the fish feature coloration, the earthworm reared by the red gabbage, beetroot and carrot extract in diets of treatment groups presented adequate colorimetric (L*a*b) values throughout the days after 8-weeks feeding in coparision with controls.

In this study four diets containing various levels of Ascorbic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg, In triplicate, were fed to Barbonymus schwanenfeldii for a period of 8 weeks. 180 numbers of Barb (average weight of 2. 5± 0. 5) were fed by different dosage of vitamin C. 15 Barb fish were storage per each aquarium (180 liter) and were fed three times a day. In this experiment growth factors including (Specific Growth Rate, Weight Gain, Food Conversion Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio, Daily Food Consumption and Survival) were measured. Also variation of hematological indicators such as white blood cell, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Red blood cell, Globulin, Albumin, Total protein, MCV, MCH and MCHC were compared between treatments. The result showed the best growth factors were seen in fishes that fed by 1500mg/kg vitamin in diet which had significantly difference in comparison with control diet (P<0. 05). The highest and lowest proportion of WBC was seen in diet with 1500mg/kg vitamin C and control diet respectively (P<0. 05). The optimum condition for immunological factors were achieved in 1000 and 1500 mg/kg treatment (P<0. 05). Overall the results indicated the best level of vitamin C in terms of growth and immune factors for barb fish was seen in 1500 mg/kg treatment.

In snakes Vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a well-developed organ involved in both mating and hunting. To investigate histomorphometry on this organ, 5 individuals of Eirenis collaris and 6 specimens of Typhlops vermicularis were collected from their natural habitats. Following biometrical and anatomical examinations, only the head of specimens were processed for histological assessments. Based on our studies, it was found that as other snakes, in these species the VNO is a tubular structure located at the roof of the oral cavity just beneath the nasal cavity. This organ through a canal opens to the oral cavity but there is no connection between the VNO and the nasal cavity. Histologically, the wall of VNO is covered with three epithelia (sensory, non-sensory and intermediary). Despite many similarities, some differences were also found between E. collaris and T. vermicularis. In addition to a lager size of the VNO in E. collaris than T. vermicularis, the nasal septum in E. collaris does not participate in the capsule surrounding the organ. In addition, the sensory epithelium in T. vermicularis is thinner than the same epithelium in E. collaris where there is a distinct boundary between columnar apical cells and underlying cells. Moreover, the epithelium covering the mushroom body is a ciliated columnar in T. vermicularis but this tissue is ciliated stratified cuboidal in E. collaris. In general, this study showed the VNO in E. collaris is more developed than its corresponding organ in T. vermicularis and this difference is also reflected in their living manner.

Determining the status of distribution of wildlife species, habitats under their occupation and habitats which have conditions for the presence of species is of great importance in the wildlife management. In order to model the habitat suitability of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) presence/absent method by using Multi-Layer perceptron (MLP) neural network was used. In order to modelling in Qaraviz No Hunting Area (autumn and winter seasons) and potential dispersion in Kermanshah province the presence points of the species and 14 and 12 environment variables were used, respectively. Model validation was performed by ROC statistic which was 0. 87, 0. 84 and 0. 78 for autumn, winter and entire province and it was confirmer of MLP model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that distance from road, spring and trough and military areas in autumn and variables of Altitude, distance from tribal areas and vegetation types in winter have the most influence on the specie distribution and variables of height, temperature and vegetarian type were the most effective factors on the specie distribution in large scale. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated significant correlation of 0. 83 between habitat suitability of autumn and winter (P<0. 05). 255 hectares of the area under study in both autumn and winter have high suitability and 12. 70 percent of province is part of desirable habitat of under study species. According to the results height of suitable habitat in Qaraviz area is less in comparison with other deer habitats in the east of Zagros mountain ranges.

Hedgehog is small mammals that belong to the order Insectivor. In order to, it can use as a laboratory animal model. It has special behavior characteristics, for example, it is not aggressive and it is very tranquil. Therefore, recently it is pay considerated as a pet animal. These animal anatomical characteristics did not study yet. Pattern of aortic arch branching for head and forelimb supplying was studied in this research. 10 mature hedgehog without sex consideration were collected from gardens around of Tabriz and Maraghe. Thoracic and abdominal cavity was dissected and heart, aortic arch and thoracic descending aorta were exposured. Red latex was injected into thoracic aorta by gage 18 needle. Also, maglomin compound was injected for preparing radiograph via contrast media. Results were appeared that an arterial trunk was branching from firs part of aortic arch, it can cosiderated as brachiocephalic trunk. Two separate arteries were arising from this arterial trunk after a little distance. One of they passed to forelimb and it was forming right subclavian artery and another one continued to ward head and it was forming right commune carotid artery. Then aortic arch continued dorsocaranial and after 3-4 mm it arise an artery. Recent arising artery passed cranial to ward head. It formed left commune carotid artery. Immediately, another artery arise from distal part of aortic arch that it passed to left forelimb and it formed left subclavian artey. This aortic arch branchinh is like Human, Chimpanzeand rat.

Sangsari sheep is one of the most important meat producer sheep breed in center of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to protect this breed via frozen semen. On the other hand, the reason of low fertility due to semen freezing is lipidperoxidase formation in the presence of oxygen radicals. So, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin C and glycerol on spermatological characteristics in Sangsari ram semen. Five Sangsari rams were used. Semen of each ram was collected by elecrtoejaculator one every three days and pooled after spermatological characteristics of the collected semen samples were determined. Pooled and diluted semen was cooled to + 4° Cover 2 h. Cooled semen was divided into 15 groups. Each of semen groups was diluted at 1: 1 ratio with one of the extender groups containing different proportions of glycerol (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) and vitamin C (0, 0. 15, 0. 3 mg/ml). After freezing the semen was thawed. This study shows that vitamin C and glycerol affect sperm Characteristics significantly. In combinative treatment groups, 0. 3 mg/ml vitamin C plus 5% glycerol has the highest sperm motility and live spermatozoa rate. The highest live spermatozoa rate simple groups is in 0. 3 mg/ml vitamin C treatment group. In conclusion, the best combination for semen dilution in Sangsari ram is that of 0. 3 mg/ml vitamin C and 5% glycerol.

Increasing the application of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine (bactericidal agent) and other industries have raised serious concerns about ecotoxicology and ecophysiology effects on the aquatic animals. In this study, the effects of copper oxide NPs enriched yeast on the growth, survival; digestive enzymes activity and lipid metabolism in Artemia urmiana (AU) and Artemia franciscana (AF) were investigated. The experiment was designed in two treatments (non-enriched yeast as a control and enriched yeast with copper oxide NPs) and each with four replicates for both Artemia species. At the end of experiment, the results indicated that copper oxide NPs did not affect on the Artemia species growth rate but significantly increased both Artemia species survival. Also the results showed, copper oxide NPs did not affect on AU digestive enzymes activity, but significantly increased AF digestive enzymes activity. The effect of NPs on the body lipid content was investigated in Artemia species and the results revealed that copper oxide NPs significantly decrease AU lipid content but did not affect on AF. The results obtained in this experiment, suggest that the ecophysiological effects of copper oxide NPs different in Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana.