FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2015 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Divorce is one of the most stressful events in children and parents' life. Divorce is a major change and reorganization of life that influences children`s adjustment over time. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Children of Divorce Intervention Program (COPID) on decreasing internalized and externalized problems in children. In this experimental research, with pre-test post-tests with control group, twenty five 10-12 years old children from divorced families in Kashmar were selected as sample. For 13 children in experimental group 15 sessions of CODIP was administrated in 3 days per week and 5 consecutive weeks, but 12 children in control group received no program. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was the research measurement tool. Results showed that CODIP has significant effect on decreasing externalized problems; but no significant effect on internalized problems in children from divorced families. Since children of divorced parents are more at risk of behavior problems, attention to group programs and teaching problem solving skills is important for this children and empowering them in life. In addition to reducing some problems, the skills that were taught are in such a way children and their parents can easily implement them in the real life and benefit from their positive effects.

One of the long-term consequences of the parenting styles is the effect it has on the marital satisfaction of the children. An association between the basic psychological need satisfaction with parenting styles and marital satisfaction of the children has been approved. The aim of the present study was to examine the moderating role of basic psychological need satisfaction on the relationship between parenting styles and children's marital satisfaction. Two hundred and seventeen (123 women and 94 men) married participants completed Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS). The results indicated that the authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a positive significant association with marital satisfaction of their children, whereas the authoritarian style used by parents had a negative significant association with their offspring's marital satisfaction. The results also revealed that the authoritative parenting style had a positive significant relationship with the basic need satisfaction, whereas the mothers' authoritarian style had a negative significant relationship with the basic need satisfaction. No significant relationship was found between the fathers' authoritarian style and the permissive parenting style with the basic needs satisfaction. The results also revealed that the basic psychological need satisfaction moderated the relationship between the mothers' permissive style and their offspring's marital satisfaction. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the levels of children's marital satisfaction are possibly influenced by their basic psychological need satisfaction as well as the parenting styles.

One of the most common childhood disorders that have attracted the attention of psychology and psychiatry is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because of the problems and the negative consequences resulting from it, psychologists, psychiatrists and experts in the field of education have tried to treat this disorder. The present study was performed to study the effects of child-parent relation therapy on symptoms of ADHD among male elementary school students in Sanandaj city. The research method was an experimental study, including pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The research instrument used in this study was Conners Parent Rating of Childhood Behavior Problems (CPRCBP). From all the students who were referred to a psychological center, 36 male students were selected from elementary schools in Sanandaj, and were assigned to two groups: experimental and control (18 students each). Before starting the training, pretest was administered to the two groups. Then, the experimental group was exposed to child-parent relation therapy. At the end of training sessions, post-test, and one month later follow up test was administrated to groups. The results showed that child-parent relation therapy has decreased significantly the symptoms of ADHD in posttest and follow-up. Also, child-parent relation therapy has decreased significantly the attention deficit and hyperactivity subscales. The results indicated that child-parent relation therapy is significantly effective in decreasing symptoms of ADHD. Applying this method is recommended by the psychologists, counselors and psychiatrics.

Discrepancy between actual perceived self and what the individual considers as standard guidelines, can results in unpleasant mental and emotional outcomes. So it can affect the form and maintaining relation of couples and their life satisfaction. The aim of the present study was to examine the comparison of self-discrepancy among divorcing and non-divorcing individuals. A total of 239 volunteers (122 divorcing and 117 non-divorcing individuals), in Tehran, participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Self-Discrepancy Index (SDI). The results showed that the divorcing individuals reported significantly higher on levels of self-discrepancy. The results also revealed that personal actual-ought self-discrepancy, personal actual-feared self-discrepancy, others actual-ought self-discrepancy, and others actual/ feared self-discrepancy were different in the two groups. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the distance between selves and realities can provide dissatisfaction in couples, and subsequently marital disruption can follow. In other words, each couple, based on certain patterns of self-discrepancy among aspects of selves, can experience different emotional consequences, so their conflict can create problems for them. The comparison between selves can affect marital satisfaction, so that it can lead to dissolution of marital relationship.

Research on marriage suggests that emotional exchanges are powerful predictors of marital quality and stability. What is the role of negative emotions in destructive marital exchanges in females? What is the role of positive emotions in decreasing destructive marital exchanges in females? In response to these questions, the present study was designed to investigate the moderating role of positive emotions on the relationship between negative emotions and destructive marital exchanges in females. Participants were 125 females living in Hendijan. All participants were asked to complete the Positive Emotions Scale (PES), Negative Emotion Scale (NES), and Destructive Marital Exchanges (DME). The results showed that negative emotions were positively associated with destructive marital exchanges in females. Moreover, results showed that positive emotions moderate the relationship between negative emotion and destructive marital exchanges in females. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the extent of positive relationship between negative emotions and destructive marital exchanges is lower in females with positive emotions than females with negative emotions. These findings would be helpful for understanding the important role that emotion regulation plays in marital success and administering interventions to improve couples' emotional functioning.

One of the most important factors affecting marital satisfaction is early childhood experiences with parents. These experiences have an important role in developing attachment and early maladaptive schemas. The present study was performed to investigate the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. A total of 333 participants (194 women and 139 men) completed the Hazan and Shaver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between avoidant-attachment style and marital satisfaction, but marital satisfaction had significant positive relationship with secure attachment style and significant negative relationship with ambivalent-attachment style. Also, the early maladaptive schemas mediate these relationships. Based on the results of the present study it can be concluded that individuals who have more secure attachment style develop more positive concept of self, as the result, they have less maladaptive schemas. So they follow more adaptive behaviors and less maladaptive behaviors in their marital relationships, therefore they will experience more marital satisfaction. In contrast, the individuals who have more insecure and ambivalent attachment style have more negative concept of self, therefore they own more maladaptive schemas about self, hence more maladaptive behaviors and less marital satisfaction.

The family is an important part of human fate and plays a vital role in choosing the style and career of future life, pshychic and emotional health and human performance. Parents' personality, their psychological and physical health, and also the parenting styles they employ, affect the children’s behaviors. The aim of this study was to test the causal relationship between parental meta-emotion and child resiliency, mediated by the role of emotional intelligence. A total of 240 participants were selected from Yasuj university students in school year 1392-1393. The data were gathered using 3 inventories: Conner- Davidson Resilience Scale (CD- RISC), the Emotional Intelligence Scale Sharing (EISSH) and Swinburne Meta-Emotion Philosophy Scale (SMEPS). The results of data analysis showed that there is a good fit between the model and the gathered data. The direct paths from coaching to emotional intelligence, awareness to emotional intelligence, emotional intelligence to resiliency and coaching to resiliency were significant. The indirect paths from coaching to resiliency and awareness to resiliency were also significant. But the direct path from awareness to resiliency was not significant. The model showed a causal relationship between parental meta-emotion and child resiliency, mediated by the role of emotional intelligence. This shows that parental awareness of different kinds of children’s emotions and guiding them when experiencing these emotions, would be a good help for them to improve their emotional proficiency, emotional management and making a good relationship with others. As a results, it can enhance children's compatibilities and resiliency in difficult situations.