Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Year:2023 | Volume:6 | Issue:8|Papers Count:20

Four new Triazole Schiff Bases were synthesized through the green condensation and were structurally confirmed by mass spectroscopy, IR, 1H NMR, TGA, and DSC. The chief advantages of the reported technique were its working ease, very mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and high yield. Quantum chemical calculations were applied to investigate the optimized geometry and electronic structure of the compounds, S1-S4. DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G (d), was performed to determine the chemical quantum descriptors (CQDs). An analysis of the CQDs showed that the S1 compound had a higher molecular stability. The findings of the computational research revealed that there was a close interaction between the theoretical and experimental data. The synthesized compounds were studied for their anticancer activity against two cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2. The results revealed that the S3 and S4 compounds had a remarkable activity, with IC50 of 64.64 μg/mL and 23.52 μg/mL, respectively, thus, making them crucial components for anticancer medicines in future studies. Molecular docking tests were carried out on the S3 and S4 compounds with the receptors 5EKN and 3PP0. The results exposed that the compounds were effective in inhibiting the receptors with a good binding energy to confirm their anticancer activity.

HBP is the leading preventable cause of illness and premature death worldwide. It is easily diagnosed and can be controlled with relatively simple interventions. Yet, it is often unrecognized. When diagnosed, it requires life-long management and patients may be unaware of the need for continuous monitoring and adherence to treatment, which can be difficult to achieve. Moreover, while diagnosis and initiation of medication usually takes place in primary care, its management involves all levels of the health system, with referral to specialists if certain complications arise. The present study is being undertaken to understand the awareness level of HBP due to the food habits and other related issues. For the purpose of the study, the investor communities have been included and this study will be one of its kinds in recent times. The findings concluded that for most of the stockholders in the urban and sub-urban areas male and female awareness levels of HBP due to the lifestyle and awareness level of HBP symptoms were very low. However, the awareness level related to HBP and its impact on health-related issues is better for males and females in urban and male respondents of sub-urban areas, but female respondents in semi-urban areas are having very limited knowledge of HBP and its implications.  The present study will help to create awareness level of HBP and its impact on health related issues in general and help to develop HBP free healthy world.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent, serious condition requiring reliable non-invasive markers for diagnosing and predicting complications especially cardiovascular (CV)complications.Objectives: This study aims to detect microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) as a potential marker of CKD and a predictor of CV complications.Subjects and methods: 120 participants were included in this study, and they were categorized as; Group I (n=60, healthy age- and sex-matched control group) and Group II (n = 60, CKD patients). Group II was subdivided into: Group IIA (n = 30 CKD patients without CV complications) and Group IIB (n = 30; CKD patients complicated with CV diseases). Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), miR-155-5p was detected.Results: miR-155-5p was increased in Group IIA and IIB compared with the control group, while miR-155-5p was increased in Group IIB compared with Group IIA.Conclusion: miR-155-5p can be used as a sensitive and specific marker for detecting CKD and discriminating between CKD with and without CV complications.

To investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity potential of a hyperoside flavanoidal glycoside isolated from Rourea minor in vitro. The study design entails the preparation of Rourea minor ethanol stem extract, investigation of its extractive values, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, isolation and characterization of flavanoidal glycosides, cytotoxicity testing, a cell-line study, in vitro anti-hyperglycemic activity, and molecular docking analysis using Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV. The Rourea minor ethanol extract has a high percentage yield (25%). Based on the results obtained from the extractive values, Rourea minor ethanol extract had the highest (62.6 mg/QA) total flavanoidal content. The phytochemical screening revealed that all of the samples contained phenols, flavonoids, and glycosides confirmed by the thin-layer chromatography results (Rf 0.66). The gas chromatography identified 15 compounds. The isolated compound from Rourea minor ethanol extract was separated, and the spectra of these fractions with comparable Rf (0.66) values matched those of the drug, hyperoside (C21H20O12). Hyperoside inhibited the enzymes α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV in vitro while also acting as an anti-hyperglycemic. As a result, using Auto Dock 4.2 software, the presence of hyperoside bound to the Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV protein was detected at -6.97 kcal/mol. These findings revealed that Rourea minor has an anti-hyperglycemic effect.

The neutralization of stomach's acidic contents and protection of esophageal mucous membrane during reflux episodes is the primary function of the major buffering components of saliva, bicarbonate, and phosphate. The concentrations of inorganic compounds in the saliva of subjects who have Gastroesophageal reflux disease versus healthy individuals are poorly understood. In this work, the aim of study was to assess the occurrence of soft tissues alterations and symptoms in oral cavity and analysis of bicarbonate and phosphate to evaluate their levels in saliva of patients with GERD and compare with control individuals. A case-control study included 25 GERD patients diagnosed both clinically and endoscopically (GERD Group), 25 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms with no endoscopic signs of GERD (non GERD group) and 25 healthy subjects (control group) have been evaluated through visual examination of the oral mucosa, oral symptoms, non-stimulated salivary flow rate, swallowing function, in addition to the estimation of salivary concentration of bicarbonate and phosphate. Study result was significantly higher salivary bicarbonate in GERD patients (p<0.05), significantly lower Salivary flow rate and swallowing frequency compared to non-GERD group and control group. Among the patients with GERD, 56% of the cases suffering from oral dryness, 40% halitosis, 28% acid taste, 20% burning sensation, 20% palatal erythema. Salivary bicarbonate, oral symptom and mucosal alteration were shown to be significantly related to GERD. Therefore, GERD should be taken into account by dentists as a possible risk factor for oral health.

Elephantopus scaber contains secondary metabolites, such as triterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, elephantopin, epifriedelinol, lupeol, stiqmasterol, lupeolacetate, deoxyelephantopin, and isodeoxyelephantopin. The plant can be used for medicinal purposes to treat cancer, diabetes, leukemia, viral and bacterial infections, bronchitis, and hepatitis. Therefore, this research aims to isolate and identify the bio-active compounds in Elephantopus scaber leaf extract and to analyze the effectiveness of binding the constituents through molecular docking against NF-kB. The method used included two stages. The first stage was extraction, fractionation, isolation, and identification, while the second was the in silico test, including the sample preparation, molecular docking, and visualization. The results showed that 10 bioactive compounds had the potential as anti-cancer compounds. Based on the binding affinity of the molecular docking, the compounds with the lowest values were b-amyrin (-8.0 kcal/mal), a-amyrin (-6.9 kcal/mol), and Cycloartane-3.beta 25-diol (-6.9 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the three compounds have potential as anti-cancer agents.

The present study is an initiative to understand various related factors associated with ovarian cancer among millennials in India. The spark behind the present study after visiting various cancer patients in the locality motivated the author to work on the present study. In this regard, 12 hospitals approached and were able to collect some substantial data from the patients. Nine hypotheses were considered which were developed after the literature reviews. The results revealed that having children, having a mother with an ovarian cancer history, having a sister having ovarian cancer history, being obese, having late sleeping habits, and with IVF have a significant association with ovarian cancer and diabetics, smoking habits, and contraceptive pills do not have any direct association with ovarian cancer as opined by the participants.

Background: In traditional Persian medicine, an herbal cold remedy containing Sugarcane, Black Myrobalan, and mastic is mentioned and it was being widely provided by grocery stores. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the increased desire for this traditional remedy has led to a debate in society. Huge parts of the Iranian population have started using this remedy for the treatment of COVID-19; while no study has evaluated its efficiency and possible side effects. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Sugarcane, Black Myrobalan, and Mastic‏ ‏herbal medications for COVID-19 patients.Methods: This was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial study conducted over three months from May 2020 to July 2020 in SARS-COV2 PCR positive patients admitted in the COVID-19 ward of Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom, Iran. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection were not recruited. The intervention group received the routine COVID-19 treatment protocol and the herbal supplement received the combination of black myrobalan and mastic and sugarcane, twice a day (3 g of herbal supplement). Study groups were compared in terms of demographic variables, vital signs, and clinical and laboratory variables for safety and efficiency assessment.Results: Seventy-two patients with COVID-19, divided into intervention (n=37) and control (n = 35) groups were studied. Intervention and control groups had not any significant difference in terms of baseline characteristics. The time-to-event analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in 4 symptoms of cough, fever, dyspnea, and myalgia (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in averaged O2 vital signs between the two groups (P>0.05). The Control group in comparison to the intervention group had a significantly lower decrease in C-reactive protein during 7 days (P<0.05). Patients in the herbal supplement group were hospitalized for 4.12 days and patients in the control group were hospitalized for 8.37 days (P=0.001). ICU admission and death only happened in 3 (8.6%) patients of the control group.Conclusion: This study showed that the proposed herbal remedy could be applied as supplementation to conventional management of COVID-19 patients with mild disease, while more research is needed for clinical application of this remedy.

The spread of incurable diseases, especially infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and certain cancers, has become a serious public health concern. Consequently, the search for potent drug scaffolds has played an essential role in drug lead discovery. The multicomponent reaction (MCR) offers a novel method for efficient synthesis. It is rapidly evolving and is important for the discovery of novel molecules. We synthesized four dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives with the one-pot MCR method, obtaining compounds 1-4. According to the NMR spectra analyses, compound 3 is a new derivative. In this experiment, we optimized the pH of the process. Based on the results, 1-4 had yields of 66.6, 72.9, 35.9, and 69.0%, respectively, at a pH of 4. In contrast, all yields significantly rose by 79.4, 91.9, 81.7, and 84.0% at pH 5. A pH of 5 was therefore advantageous for getting a high yield from these reactions. Compound 1 showed a significant inhibition against E. coli with an MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL with moderate activity against the breast cancer cell lines T47D and 4T1. Compound 3 was the most potent against S. aureus, with an MIC value of 25 µg/mL.

This research includes the preparation of a poly-eugenol layer on the surface of a stainless steel electrode by electropolymerization process, where the polymer was diagnosed using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The corrosion measurements of stainless steel 304L electrode were carried out before and after coating with polyeugenol in 3.5% of NaCl solution at four different temperatures in the range 298-328 K. Likewise, this study included the addition of nanomaterials such as ZnO and TiO2 to increase the efficiency of the polymeric layer formed against corrosion. The biological activity of the polymeric film was tested against bacterial Gram- positive Staphlococcus aureus (Staph.aure) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E.coli). Furthermore, the coating was treated with nanoparticles (ZnO and TiO2).

Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a challenging subset in management of infertile males. Micro-deletion of the azoospermia factor (AZF) region located on long arm of the Y-chromosome (Yq11) is considered as the commonest observed genetic cause among infertile males. Inhibin-B was identified to be a more sensitive factor in evaluating azoo-spermic males than FSH and testicular biopsies.Patients and Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 150 participants were separated into two groups: group (A) consisted of 75 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, and group (B) consisted of 75 age-matched, fertile men having a child in the year prior to the study as a control group. Entire cases were subjected to full history taking and complete examination followed by laboratory analysis which comprised semen analysis, hormonal assays, including TSH, FSH, LH, E2, prolactin, total testosterone, and inhibin-B and detection of AZF micro-deletion.Results: PRL, FSH, and LH were significantly higher (P 0.028, <0.001, <0.001), while total testosterone, inhibin-B level, TT/FSH, and inhibin-B/FSH ratios were significantly lower (p<0.001 for each) among azoospermia cases compared with control group. The frequency of AZF micro-deletions among azoospermia cases was 40/75 (53.3%). AZFc deletion was the most frequent type of Y-chromosome micro-deletion.Conclusion: AZF and inhibin B levels were demonstrated to be significantly correlated in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Higher FSH, lower testosterone, and lower inhibin-B levels could be considered as risk predictors for azoospermia, but could not be considered as risk predictor of AZF deletion among azoospermia cases.

For everyone, at all ages, to live healthy lives and to promote well-being, there should be good health and welfare at every stage of one's life, beginning at birth, whereas health and wellbeing are crucial. Strong health systems are essential for treating and preventing infectious illnesses as well as providing mothers and children with life-saving treatments. Having a well-trained health workforce, a robust infrastructure, a consistent supply of medicines and equipment, and the ability to quickly identify and address health emergencies are all components of a strong health system that provides care to those in need regardless of where they live or their financial situation. Under ideal conditions, cells of the innate immune system detect the danger signals provided by developing tumors. These signals induce hypertrophy, activate innate effector cells with antitumor activity, stimulate antigen-presenting cells on endogenous tumor cells or antigens, and then travel through lymph nodes to inform adaptive (T and B) lymphocytes.  Despite this excellent screening process, tumor presence suggests that the advanced tumor somehow avoids detection or overburdens the immune response. Cancer cells have developed a number of strategies that help them evade or resist the host's immune response. Through understanding the mechanism by which these cells evade the immune response, scientists hope to devise techniques to increase tumors immunity and the success of their treatment. In this review, we try to explain the ways and strategies that cancer cells have used to evasion from immune system in an attempt to understand these mechanisms and try to find standard solutions, therapeutic measures, and targets have developed or are investigated to promote tumor rejection.

To apply the radiation protection optimization concept, the current study compares the average doses utilized to produce the most popular CT scans of neck and cervical spine at the Al-Makkased Hospital in Jerusalem and its affiliated medical facilities around the world. The study employs a hybrid research methodology concept. The current study compares the average doses utilized to produce the most popular CT scans of neck and cervical spine at the Al-Makkased Hospital in Jerusalem and its affiliated medical facilities around the world. The study employs a hybrid research method. It thus fits into both descriptive and observational research. Its objectives are to evaluate the CT dose descriptor averages (CTDI and DLP), compare them to those developed in other nations, and illustrate how radiation protection principles, particularly the optimization principle (ALARA), are applied. According to the imaging facility's examination storage for each exam, studies show that there are regular variations in the number of CT scans obtained, with the cervical spine accounting for 87% of all such variations and the neck for 13%. The scan parameters (kvp), (MAs), scan length, and variations are related to the protocol itself or the choice made by the CT engineer.

Heavy metals are one of environmental concerns in industrial wastewater effluents, and adsorption is one of the widely used processes in removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Concerning the importance of aforementioned topic, the main goal of the current study was to evaluate the efficiency of modified poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) [MP-SCMA]-based resins in the removal of chromium metal ions from aqueous solutions. To perform the present study, adsorption experiments were performed by mixing 10 mg of MP-SCMA resin with 10 ml of chromium solution in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. In this study, parameters of pH (2-7), temperature (5-45 ᵒC), contact time (30-180 min), adsorbent dose (5-20 g/l) and initial chromium concentration (5-40 mg/L) was evaluated on the amount of chromium removal. Atomic absorption device made in Germany (model: Analytik Jena: NovAA 400 P) was used to determine the amount of chromium metal ions in wavelength of 357.9 nm. The findings of the present study showed that except for the variable "initial chromium concentration", other factors have a direct relationship with the removal percentage of chromium ions by MP-SCMA-based resins. In addition, the adsorption process of chromium metal ion by MP-SCMA was more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.992) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2=0.966). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that resin-based MP-SCMA adsorbent can be used as a high-efficiency adsorbent to remove metals from industrial wastewater.

Cultivated media for the growth of human blood cells are many, but the use of natural and less expensive materials is the most important to obtain the suitable growth for the cultivation of human lymphocytes. It needs a lot of materials that help in its development. Here, plasma is a very important growth factor for the growth of cells, which through its growth is useful in studying many natural and abnormal processes and interactions that occur in cells or studying the effect of many chemicals on cells through the examination of cell division so that it does not affect the nature of their chromosomes, and the results showed that the best concentration of chromosomes. Human plasma suitable for the growth of human blood cells is 20% and 10% plasma concentration which gave the highest cell division rate that could be obtained. There are no significant differences between plasma concerning the cell division index. As for the study of the chromosomal body, this indicator is important and is widely used in cytogenetic studies.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and causes complaints in the oral cavity, especially periodontitis. This study identified the case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, who was missing his teeth and wanted to get dentures made, so he could eat comfortably and restore his aesthetics. Metal framing has been used for a long time because it is lightweight and easy to clean, and does not burden the teeth and periodontal tissues. This article discusses about the use of a partially detached metal framework in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The patient has been receiving therapy for the last three years and continues to do so. There are complaints in the oral cavity in the form of canker sores and shaking, which cause some teeth to fall out. The treatment used in this case was a Removable Denture Prosthesis (RDP) because the patient had many missing teeth and was still under medical care. In this case, a partial RDP with a metal frame is used because it stabilizes the position of the remaining teeth. The results showed that using a removable metal frame satisfies patients partially because it reduces tooth impact and improves aesthetics and chewing ability.

The production of the tridentate Azo ligand 2-[2/-(benzimidazolyl)azo]-4-bromo-6-chloro phenol (BIABrClP) complexes using Co(III) and Ni(II) is discussed in this article. Spectral methods including 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, FT-IR, magnetic moment measurements, molar conductance, and elemental analysis were used to thoroughly explore the coordination mode of azo ligand containing NNO donor atoms with metal ions. The octahedral geometry for the synthesized Ni(II) and Co(III) complexes was suggested from the analytical and spectral studies. According to in vitro assays for antibacterial activity, the majority of produced compounds exhibit good action against a variety of microorganisms, including Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

Infections transmitted by sexual contact are known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A significantly higher risk of STDs is associated with young Gen Y individuals than older adults. Multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex are more common among Gen Y. If STDs are not adequately treated, they can lead to a variety of complications. Media and government programs have created awareness of HIV/AIDS, but people in developing countries like India are less aware of STDs other than HIV/AIDS. The present paper is an initiative to decode the awareness level of banking and healthcare sector employees. In banking, lower and middle level as well as the case of the health care sector paramedics were considered as the data approachability. The respondents includes public and private sector banks. Here for the purpose of research, Gen Y refers to the workforce who entered from 2000 to present and approximate current age to mid 30s. The work value normally for these group are confident, financially success, and self-reliant, but team oriented, loyalty to both self and relationships. The entire analysis was carried out on six parameters such as awareness of STDs, source of information, the transmission of STDs, awareness of complications related to STDs, symptoms, and attitude towards STDs. In total, 42 variables were considered under six parameters. A convenient and cluster sampling method was used for the collection of data in the study areas. It was found that the awareness level of Gen Y in the banking sector was lower than that of paramedic in the healthcare sector. Especially the banking sector respondents were not aware of various sexually transmitted diseases and had very less knowledge of symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases in the study areas.

Introduction: First unprovoked seizure (FUS) in children is a frightening health problem that often to be taken to emergency room. EEG is absolutely required to determine seizure activity in the brain. It can differentiate seizures from nonepileptic paroxysmal events. This study aims to determine the EEG description of children who experience FUS.Methods: This study used a retrospective observational method using medical records. All patients in the category of children aged 0 months to 18 years old who came with their FUS and had recorded an EEG, were included. EEG recording is done as soon as possible and a maximum of 2 days after the seizure occurs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and graphs.Result: The clinical characteristics of FUS show that the majority of boys (61.3%) are older than 5 years old (52.8%). The types of seizures that appear are more generalized seizures and mostly the duration is less than 5 minutes. A few patients have anemia. Abnormal EEG interpretation results reached 53.8% with around 68% of them showing epileptiform discharge. Classification of abnormal EEG indicates more on focal slowing, centrotemporal sharp wave, and BECTS activity.Conclusion: FUS in Indonesia mostly reported in boys. Generalized seizures were commonly seen. EEG interpretation is mostly abnormal that commonly showing epileptiform discharge. Most of the EEG abnormal classifications that lead to epileptiform activity are focal slowing. This can be a considerable of the possibility of recurrent seizure in later life.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of turmeric plant on ulcerative colitis caused by AcOH in rats. This research is a single-blind controlled trial for outcome assessor conducted on 70 male Wistar rats since the beginning of 2022 in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine. A total of 72 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 180-220 were included in the study. The selected mice were bred in the animal cage of the college and were reared under similar lighting conditions, humidity, and nutrition. Then, the samples were randomly placed in 9 groups (8 samples in each group) by Excel software. Three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of the extracts were effective in reducing the weight of the distal colon (8 cm) as a marker of tissue inflammation and edema. Three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract and two more doses of chloroform fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg) were effective in reducing ulcer severity and area, and in reducing the severity and extent of mucosal inflammation, crypt damage, invasive involvement, and total colitis index. The chloroform fraction (50 mg/kg) was ineffective in reducing the evaluated colitis component compared to the control group. This shows that hydroalcoholic extract and chloroform fraction are effective in the treatment of experimental colitis. It can be attributed to the same main compounds, flavonoids, and biophenols. Efficacy was already detectable at low doses of the chloroform fraction. Therefore, the presence of a very potent active ingredient in the rhizome is compelling.