Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research
Year:2024 | Volume:6 | Issue:4|Papers Count:11

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, is a significant global health concern, with millions of cases reported annually. The absence of specific antiviral treatments or effective preventive measures has fuelled the urgent need for a dengue vaccine. This provides a comprehensive review of the development of a dengue vaccine, summarizing the major milestones, challenges encountered, and recent advancements in this field. This study explores various vaccine strategies employed, including live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and viral vector-based vaccines. In addition, the manuscript discusses the clinical trials conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these vaccine candidates.

One hundred patients were included in this randomized prospective trial; 50 patients were enrolled in the suturing group, and the other 50 enrolled in the staples group. The statistical analysis did not reveal any discernible differences between the two groups regarding patient or hernia characteristics. However, the use of sutures for mesh fixation was associated with a significant prolongation in the operative time (56.2 vs. 44 minutes in the staple group). The mean duration of hospitalization was 12.56 hours in the suture group and 12.3 hours in the staple group. The incidence of early postoperative adverse events, including hematoma, seroma, wound infection, and urine retention, was comparable between the two groups. Regarding late complications, the incidence of hernia recurrence was 4% in the suturing group and 2% in the stapler group (p = 0.558). In addition, postsurgical inguinodynia was reported by 14% and 12% of patients in the same groups, respectively. We conclude that use of skin staples in the fixation of mesh during inguinal hernioplasty is not associated with extra benefits compared to the conventional suturing method, apart from the shorter operative time. It should be used when available or when shorter operative time is required (risky anesthetic patients).

This study aimed to investigate the impact of vibration frequency on the quality of blood components, specifically erythrocytes and Platelets. A device was developed to alter vibration frequency, and the study utilized a pre- and post-test design with a control group. Each group consisted of ten tubes of blood. The study employed one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test to analyze differences in erythrocyte and Platelets numbers. In addition, the Wilcoxon test was used to assess the morphology of erythrocytes and Platelets. The findings revealed significant differences in erythrocyte counts between the 10 Hz vibration group and the 0 Hz and 6 Hz groups, with p- values of 0.00 and 0.00, respectively. Similarly, a significant difference in Platelets counts was observed between the 12 Hz vibration group and the 0 Hz and 6 Hz groups, with p-values of 0.003 and 0.022. These results suggest that certain vibration frequencies adversely affect the quantity of erythrocytes and Platelets in blood samples. In conclusion, it is recommended to avoid excessive vibration during the transportation of blood bags from mobile units to blood donation units to preserve blood quality. It stresses how important it is to keep vibrations to a minimum during the blood transport process. Such precautions can play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and quality of blood products during transit.

Rotator cuff tear is the major cause of morbidity which affects over 40% of patients aged 60 years and older. Surgical repair is often unsuccessful and has high complications. Tissue engineering therapies, such as applying Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretomes, have shown beneficial effects on tendon repair. This study aims to assess the effect of secretome application on rotator cuff tendon tears by examining changes in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Scleraxis, and Collagen type III levels. A total of 20 post-injured supraspinatus tendon New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups: injected with of frozen-dried tenogenic secretome (treatment group) and no treatment (control group). Histologic evaluation on the repaired site was conducted on the second and the fourth weeks; analysing immunohistochemistry (IHC), TGF-β, Scleraxis, collagen type III levels, modified tendon maturing score, blood vessel, fibroblast, and fibrotic tissue. Immunoreactive Score (IRS) result for TGF-β, Scleraxis, and collagen type III on treatment group were moderate. Meanwhile, IRS result for control group was a mix of mild and moderate. Compared to the control group, a significant difference was found (p<0.05). Histologically, Modified Tendon Maturing Score, amount of blood vessel, and fibroblast were found to be significantly higher (p<0,05) in treatment group. Meanwhile, fibrotic tissues were significantly lower (p<0,05). Secretomes promote the healing of specific tissues such as tendons in vitro and in vivo. TGF-β is crucial for collagen synthesis, while scleraxis facilitates tendon-bone attachment. Collagen type III initiates tendon repair, requiring increased blood vessel and fibroblast growth and lower fibrotic tissue.

Pleural effusion in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma is very rare. The diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, while pleura involvement was confirmed by pleural fluid analysis and its cytology. We presented a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma who came for the sixth cycle of chemotherapy presented with shortness of breath. Lymphoma cell infiltration was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination of the mass in the ileum and pleural fluid cytology. Although rare, the possibility of lymphoma cell infiltration should be considered if a pleural effusion is found in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Pneumonia is a significant contributor to global child mortality, accounting for approximately 15% of total deaths in children under five. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a potential factor in respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D3 on calcidiol, IL-10, and pneumonia severity in children, offering valuable insights into the relationship between vitamin D3 supplementation, IL-10 levels, and pneumonia severity. Conducted on children aged 1 month to 5 years diagnosed with pneumonia, the research employed a rigorous experimental design, including double-blind procedures, a control group, pretest-posttest measurements, and appropriate controls. Data collection took place from March to June 2022. Participants received standard therapy and a single oral dose of 100,000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Calcidiol and IL-10 levels were assessed, with serum levels examined after 8 days. Statistical analyses using Mann-Whitney U test and paired t-test in SPSS version 25 were conducted. The study comprised 46 participants (30 males, 16 females) with an average age of 24 months in the control group. Post-supplementation, calcidiol levels were 53.08 ± 64.5 ng/mL (p = 0.04), while IL-10 levels were 130.39 pg/ml (p=0.27). A significant difference in pneumonia severity was noted post-supplementation compared to the pre-supplementation period (p<0.001). Thus, vitamin D3 supplementation influenced pneumonia severity, but did not significantly impact IL-10 level changes. This study sheds light on potential avenues for improving pneumonia outcomes in children through targeted vitamin D supplementation.

Medical researchers face a significant hurdle such as time commitment, large amount of costs, establishing a safety profile for medications, reduced solubility, and insufficient experimental data while producing innovative drugs. By studying the structural properties of molecules, chemical graph theory plays a significant role in advancing drug development and design. To improve drug research and assess the effectiveness of treatments, degree-based topological indices play a crucial role in Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) analysis, aiding in the estimation of their properties and potential efficacy. In this article, ten reducible degree-based topological indices are calculated and QSPR analysis for 15 stroke drugs (Atenolol, Baclofen, Dapsone, Diclofenac, Dopamine, etc.) to correlate with seven physicochemical properties (Molar mass, Melting point, XlogP, Complexity, LogP, Vapor pressure, and Solubility) using linear regression model. This methodology enhances drug discovery and development for strokes by offering valuable insights into the correlation between molecular structure and pharmacological properties. This theoretical technique might help chemists and pharmaceutical industry workers to predicted stroke drug properties without expensive testing.

Background and aim: Assessment of the prognosis of the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is important in case of patients’ follow up and management. It is reported that there might be some links between serum troponin levels (TPI) and ICH. However, there is a gap of knowledge in case of nontraumatic cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between TPI and prognosis of patients with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage.Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on all non-traumatic stroke patients referred to the emergency room of Ghaem Hospital (AJ) on patients with confirmed ICH in CT scan. Patients were included in the study after obtaining consent from them or their legal guardians. Brain CT scan was used to determine the location and volume of bleeding, midline changes, and presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The bleeding volume was estimated using the formula (ABC)/2. The primary troponin (cTnT) test was performed within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms for each patient. A serum cTnT value ≥0.01 ng/ml was set as the cut-off value, and then the patients were divided into two groups: normal troponin and increased troponin level, and also their prognosis was determined based on the ICH Score and Predicting Mortality after Acute ICH table. Next, after 3 days, all patients in both groups were contacted and their disease status was determined based on the Modified Ranking Scale. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis by SPSS.Results: A total of 387 patients were included in our study, including 214 men (55.3%) and 173 (44.7%) women. The average age of the patients was 66.16 years and ranged from 19 to 95 years. 81 patients (20.9%) had increased troponin based on the determined level. In addition, 174 patients (45.0%) died during hospitalization. The mean of ICH Score was 2.37 ± 0.99 and the mean of Modified Ranking Scale was 3.24 ± 2.49. There was no significant difference in terms of troponin level (p=0.250) and gender (p=0.508) between those who died and those who were discharged with partial recovery.Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between troponin and the outcome of non-traumatic brain hemorrhage patients, but after adjustments, the troponin levels were increased. However, it seems that the level of 0.01 ng investigated in our study is not suitable, and it is possible that other levels will provide better results.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to a condition characterized by varying degrees of glucose intolerance, which is initially identified during pregnancy. It is typically identified by conducting screenings on pregnant women to assess their clinical risk factors. Subsequently, among those deemed at risk, diagnostic tests are performed to evaluate their glucose tolerance. It is worth noting that women diagnosed with these diseases face an elevated likelihood of experiencing or developing diabetes outside of the pregnancy period. It refers to the occurrence of elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy. The disease includes hyperglycaemia of varying degrees, ranging from pre-existing type 2 diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy to the development of full-blown GDM during pregnancy. It is associated with various adverse outcomes for both the mother and the new-born. These include increased birth weight and increased C-peptide levels in cord blood serum. In addition, having gestational diabetes puts you at a higher risk of developing diabetes in the future. The study's most important findings on awareness primarily affected respondents from cities -76.59%, in semi-urban areas it was 67.77% and in rural areas it was lowest -23.54%. The perception results show that the majority of respondents believe that AI has transformed healthcare services with lower costs and greater accuracy while providing other benefits.

It is crucial to find antibiotic alternatives and explore new chemicals and treatments. Probiotics can produce a range of antimicrobial compounds, making them a viable substitute for antibiotics in preventing and treating bacterial infections. Probiotics can produce various antimicrobial compounds such as organic acids, bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, and acetaldehyde. This experimental study aimed to assess the safety of a probiotic spray on participants receiving treatment at Velayat Burn Injuries Hospital in Rasht. A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety of probiotic spray on healthy volunteers. The study involved ten healthy volunteers who visited Velayat Burn Injuries Hospital in 2023. Throughout the trial period, a standard checklist was used to review patient demographic information, prospective side effects, and assessments of local and systemic adverse events. According to the research, the probiotic spray that was under investigation showed no signs of causing any local or systemic reactions. The study suggests that it could be a possible option for treating second-degree burn wounds as it aids in promoting wound healing. In addition, showed use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics is a safer treatment option with fewer complications.

Introduction: Renal anomalies represent 20% of fetal congenital anomalies. Earlier diagnosis can determine proper management during pregnancy, hoping for a favorable baby outcome, mostly in developing countries.Case Report:  This is a case series of Congenital Anomalies in Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) in 2022 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. 15 cases of CAKUT (1,7%) were reported among 878 total deliveries. All cases are referral cases from another hospital. Sixty percent of cases are detected in the second trimester. The most abnormalities found were Upper urinary tract abnormalities (53% cases). Abnormal amniotic fluid was detected in 80% of cases. 73% of cases were delivered in preterm gestational age due to spontaneous labour, premature rupture of the membrane, and fetal distress- all of these cases un-survived. Only 26.7% of cases were delivered in term gestational age, and all survived. Abnormalities detected in survived cases were dilatation of the unilateral upper urinary tract and they had normal amniotic fluid.  Conclusion: CAKUT has a good prognosis on type: unilateral kidney abnormalities, sufficient amniotic fluid, and was born at term gestational age.