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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    1-10
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    689
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & objective: Mercury is a toxic and bio-accumulative pollutant that has adverse effects on environmental and human health. There have been a number of attempts to regulate mercury emissions to the atmosphere. Silver nanoparticles are a number of materials that have highly potential to absorb mercury and formation of mercury amalgam. The aim of this study is removal of mercury vapors in the dental clinic using an air cleaning system based on silver nanoparticles.Methods: In this study, silver nanoparticles coated on the bed of foam and chemical and structural properties were determined using a number of methods such as UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) connected the X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Energy (EDS). The air cleaning system efficiency to remove of the mercury vapor in simulated conditions in the laboratory and real conditions in the dental clinic were measured by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CVAAS).Results: The images of SEM, showed that average size of silver nanoparticles in colloidal solution was ~30nm and distribution of silver nanoparticles coated on foam was good. EDS spectrum confirmed associated the presence of silver nanoparticles coated on foam. The significantly difference observed between the concentration of mercury vapor in the off state (9.43 ± 0.342 mg.m-3) and on state (0.51 ± 0.031mg.m-3) of the air cleaning system. The mercury vapor removal efficiency of the air cleaning system was calculated 95%.Conclusion: The air cleaning system based on foam coated by silver nanoparticles, undertaken to provide the advantages such as use facilitating, highly efficient operational capacity and cost effective, have highly sufficiency to remove mercury vapor from dental clinics.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    11-19
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1114
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: Currently, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major occupational health concern. This study tried to evaluate the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders by the assessment of repetitive tasks (ART). It also sought to determine the effects of an ergonomic intervention on the mentioned risk in a manufacturing company.Methods: In this study, 60 production line workers were randomly selected. The data was collected by using a demographic questionnaire and the ART. The intervention was implemented for 39 cases. Data were analyzed in SPSS.Results: The initial evaluations suggested low, moderate, and high levels of risk in 21.7, 48.3, and 30.0 of the participants, respectively. Re-assessments after the intervention showed that the frequency of low-risk individuals increased from 30.70 before the intervention to 53.85 after the intervention. On the other hand, comparisons between the rates before and after the intervention revealed reductions in the frequency of moderate risk (64.10 vs. 43.59) and high risk (5.2 vs. 2.56). These changes were all significant.Conclusion: In most cases, the initial ergonomic risks were not at an acceptable level. In fact, most workers were at moderate level of risk. Since many workers in the assembling industry suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, low-cost eengineering and management measures can be taken to reduce the level of risk.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    20-28
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1455
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: Job burnout can reduce job performance and productivity. It is more common in workers who deal directly with people. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between demographic variables, productivity, and job burnout in the personnel of a hospital.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, all 100 employees of a hospital in Ilam (Iran) were evaluated using a demographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and a productivity questionnaire were studied. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.Results: Correlation analysis showed productivity to be significantly correlated with the frequency of emotional exhaustion and professional efficacy (two scales of the MBI). The highest scores in the emotional exhaustion and decreased professional efficacy scales of the MBI were observed in 41-50- and 20-30-year-old individuals, respectively. Education level had significant relations with depersonalization (a scale of the MBI) and productivity, i.e. while subjects with a Bachelor's degree had the highest depersonalization scores, the highest productivity scores belonged to individuals with postgraduate degrees. Furthermore, respondents who worked less than eight hours a day had significantly higher productivity. In addition, nurses and anesthesia personnel had the highest scores of depersonalization and productivity, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings indicated different levels of job burnout among the participants. Considering the adverse effects of job burnout on the health and productivity of the personnel and the quality of patient care, further research is required to identify the factors, especially organizational factors, leading to this phenomenon. Appropriate moderating and preventive measures can then be taken to minimize the incidence of job burnout.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    29-36
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1236
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: Noise is a common harmful physical agent and a major occupational risk factor. Thus, various measures, including the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs), are taken to reduce noise exposure in the workplace. The present study sought to evaluate workers’ perception of the risk caused by industrial noise and the use of HPDs.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five industrial plants with sound pressure levels above 85 dB-A. A total of 340 workers were asked to complete an individual risk perception scale as well as a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and regression analysis.Results: While most participants (50.40%) sometimes used HPDs, about one-third of the workers (31.58%) never utilized these devices. The remaining 18.02% always wore HPDs. There were significant relations between individual characteristics and the frequency of wearing HPDs.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested individual perception of risk as an important factor in predicting workers’ tendency to use HPDs. It should hence be considered in the design and implementation of hearing protection programs.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    37-44
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    841
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: In the current world, musculoskeletal pains have turned to a major occupational health issue in developing countries. Such pains are also common among office workers who adopt incorrect postures for long periods of time. As these pains can reduce job satisfaction and lower the productivity of organizations, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its relation to job satisfaction in a gas company.Methods: This cross sectional study recruited all office workers (n = 142) of a gas company in Iran. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Chi square test was used to analyze the data by SPSS 13.Results: Pains in the neck (52%), lower back (35.2%), and upper back (33.8%) were the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints over the one-year period prior to the study. A high level of job satisfaction was reported by 40.4% of the participants. Furthermore, job satisfaction had significant relations with both training about proper posture (P = 0.023) and shoulder pain (P = 0.02).Conclusion: Due to the high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and moderate levels of job satisfaction in about half (50.4%) of the studied population, ergonomic interventions are essential to improve the conditions of workstations.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    45-56
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    611
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: Biosorbents do not show desirable performance under undesirable conditions. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have thus been proposed to resolve this issue. In an attempt for specific absorption of trace triazine herbicides, an MIP was synthesized, optimized, and used as a novel tool for molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE).Methods: Atrazine and ametryn polymers were synthesized using the central composite design. These polymers, along with control samples, were evaluated in terms of the amount of functional monomer, template molecule, cross-linker, initiator, solvent, and polymerization temperature. The appropriate cartridge was then selected and the response surface method was applied to optimize the MISPE based on the amount of absorbent and the volume, concentration, flow rate, and pH of the sample. Finally, the concentration factor and reusability of the cartridge were examined.Results: The optimized temperature for ametryn and atrazine was calculated as 40.86oC. The solvent, cross-linker, initiator, monomer, and template molecule were 6.41 and 5.03 ml, 27.070 and 21.320, 2.03 and 2.27 mmol, 5.41 and 4.73 mmol, and 1.204 and 0.811 mmol, respectively. The results of MISPE optimization of ametryn and atrazine suggested a recovery rate of over 90% for drinking water and urine.Conclusion: The results showed that the central composite design can be used as a general tool for polymer synthesis and optimization and MISPE protocol. Furthermore, due to their high performance and selectivity, polymers can assume an important role in workplace monitoring.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    57-65
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1140
  • Views: 

    1721
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: Human errors play a significant role in industrial accidents. Blasting is a mining operation highly susceptible to human error. The aim of this study was to identify and assess human errors in blasting in an iron ore mine.Methods: The current qualitative case study sought to identify and assess human errors in mine blasting. After direct observation of activities and documents, job tasks were analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis (HTA). The results were presented in the form of HTA charts. The possible types of human errors were detected and surveyed using the Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA). Finally, appropriate prevention solutions were proposed to reduce the risk of errors.Results: From the 42 identified errors, 0.11, 0.42, 0.40, and 0.04 were predicted to be unacceptable risks, adverse risks, acceptable risks requiring revision, and acceptable risks without the need for revision, respectively. Moreover, practical errors, recovery errors, checking errors, selection errors, and communication errors comprised 55%, 14%, 21%, 6%, and 1.6% of the identified errors, respectively.Conclusion: Practical and communication errors were respectively the most and least common errors. Appropriate control measures, such as designing relevant checklists, monitoring, using appropriate personal protective equipment, along with efficient education and guidelines are required to reduce the occurrence of any identified error and limiting their consequences.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    66-76
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1136
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background & Objectives: Air quality in the workplace, personal factors, and work-related factors are the most important risk factors for sick building syndrome (SBS). While several epidemiological studies have assessed the prevalence of SBS among office workers, less attention has been paid to the relation between SBS and environmental parameters. The present study evaluated the relationship between SBS and indoor environmental factors of two office buildings.Methods: : In this cross- sectional study, all workers of two office buildings of the Petroleum Industry Health Organization were examined in terms of SBS. A validated questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of SBS and its relationship with personal and environmental factors. Indoor environmental factors including noise, light, humidity, air velocity, temperature, and CO2 concentration were also measured with appropriate calibrated instruments.Results: There were significant relationships between CO2 concentration (as an air quality factor) and some SBS symptoms including nausea, headache, nasal irritation, shortness of breath, and dry throat. Significant relationships were also observed between noise exposure and both headache and dizziness. Moreover, light intensity was significantly related with dry skin, eye pain, and malaise.Conclusion: SBS symptoms were more prevalent among women than in men. Environmental factors and indoor air quality of office buildings had major effects on SBS symptoms.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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