مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    1-7
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    753
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: A variety of chemical and biological materials are used in the scientific and research laboratories of the universities of medical sciences. Various people, including the laboratory staff, students, and faculty members, are exposed to these materials; accordingly, various respiratory and dermatological symptoms may occur in these people. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical fume hoods used in the laboratories of the medical universities.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 43 chemical hoods of the laboratories of the universities of medical sciences. The technical specifications of the hoods and their compliance with the standards were investigated. The amount of hood suction was measured through air flow visualization and hood face velocity using a thermal anemometer. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 19.Results: According to the results, 51.2% and 44.2% of the hoods had inappropriate conditions in terms of hardware and location, respectively. Maximum of face velocity was 96.16 ft/min. The results showed that 50.2% of the hoods had a visible leakage. The mean face velocities were not suitable in any of the hoods when they were 100% and 50% open. These velocities were appropriate only when the hoods were 25% open.Conclusion: Based on the findings, the hardware and performance characteristics of most of the hoods were inappropriate. Furthermore, they had a low impact on the control of pollutants. Consequently, it is necessary to adapt to the changes and modifications of the hoods in accordance with the standards. An annual assessment of hood performance should also be applied in the hood maintenance program.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    8-15
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    670
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: One of the factors that affects the rate of adsorption and removal of pollutants is the level of substrate surface. Today, the use of active carbon substrates and synthetic zeolites such as Y and ZSM-5 are considered to have great efficiency due to their high surface area. In this study, diatomite modification was carried out using chemical and thermal processes to increase the substrate surface and the amount of adsorption capacity.Materials and Methods: After washing with distilled water, the crude sample of diatomite was purified with 1 M solution of hydrochloric acid in two 6-hour stages at the temperature of 70oC, and finally, it was calcinated at the temperature of 750oC for 4 hours. Eventually, we studied its characteristics such as specific surface area, pore distribution, sorption-desorption isotherms, and its adsorption capacity through passing toluene pollutant through it.Results: Acid refinication increased specific surface area by 2.2 times compared to a sample only washed with deionized water. Furthermore, the rate of SiO2 reached 88.16%. Through calcinating the sample, the specific surface decreased by 16.4% and crystalline structure increased. The results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the major components of diatomite included cristobalite, quartz, and feldspar, respectively. In addition, the adsorption capacities at break point and saturation after modification elevated by 131% and 97%, respectively.Conclusion: Our results indicated that although with the modification of diatomite using acid and calcination at the temperature of 750oC surface area and adsorption capacity increased, this increase was not remarkable compared to the existing substrates such as active carbon and synthetic zeolite types; thus, it requires further studies.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    16-24
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1194
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: Occupational stress and satisfaction and the factors affecting these constructs are among the most important social issues. Given the higher frequency of the unexpected risks causing occupational stress in military jobs than in other activities, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and occupational satisfaction among the military personnel using the structural equation modeling approach.Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 military personnel. The study population was selected through simple random sampling technique. Data collection was accomplished using the occupational stress questionnaire, namely Health and Safety Executive, and police officers' job satisfaction scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 20) and LISREL (version 8.8) for modeling.Results: In this study, the highest percentage of stress (65.5%) was observed in the low level, and the highest percentage of satisfaction (89.1%) was in the satisfied level. The factors affecting occupational stress and satisfaction included age, marital status, education level, and job type. Based on the model, occupational stress could predict 47% of job satisfaction among the military personnel.Conclusion: Officials' support, proper coworker relationship, and clarity of the staff's responsibility have an important role in reducing occupational stress, job promotion, empowerment, employees' cooperation, facilities and services, appreciation, salary, and benefits that are among the important factors affecting the satisfaction of the military personnel.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    25-34
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    4906
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: Manual materials handling (MMH) by lifting, carrying, lowering, pulling, and pushing is very common in work environments. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to compare the evaluation of MMH using Snook Tables and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation in stone cutting workshops.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 workers in stone cutting workshops, 2017. Snook Tables, NIOSH lifting equation, and General Nordic questionnaire were used to assess MMH tasks and the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, these two methods were compared in terms of agreement on risk assessment.Results: The results showed that 48% of the workers experienced pain at least once during the past year with highest frequency in the low back (48%), elbows (44%), and shoulders (36%). Weights of the loads were more than the recommended weight limit (RWL) obtained from the NIOSH equation and Snook Tables. Regarding the results of both methods, the risk level was high in different workshops. The comparison of two methods showed that their accuracy for risk assessment were quite different.Conclusion: The results showed high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers. Therefore, ergonomic measures are necessary to improve working conditions. It seems that NIOSH lifting equation has higher accuracy and stricter than Snook Tables in the risk and RWL estimation.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    35-43
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    1429
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: Although occupational stress is a common phenomenon in all occupations, it is more important in health workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and job burnout among the employees of health centers.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on the statistical population consisting of all the health center personnel in Asadabad city, Iran with a sample size of 214 participants during 2015-2016. The data were collected through stratified sampling method using two standard questionnaires of Osipow job stress questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory. All the data were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses utilizing SPSS version 20.Results: The findings of this study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between job stress and job burnout (r=579.9, P=0.0001). However, the relationships between job stress, job burnout, and the underlying variables of the subjects, including age, gender, work experience, and education level were not significant in single-variable analysis. The result of linear regression also indicates that the relationship between job stress and burnout is not significant with any of the underlying variables. The result of linear regression shows that there is a boundary relationship between age and burnout.Conclusion: According to the results of present study, application of strategies for decreasing occupational stress and job burnout seems to improve the quality of service delivery to clients. Furthermore, the welfare, life level, and efficiency of the health centers personnel might get enhanced.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    44-52
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    654
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: The advancement of technology reduced the physical presence of workers in workplace. However, in many work places, man is still the most important and critical element. A human error due to unsafe acts in most of occupational environments can lead to a disaster.Materials and Methods: This qualitative case study was conducted to identify and evaluate human error in the entire mining tasks in 2016. In the first section of this study, all the tasks were studied using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method and then related possible errors were assessed using a technique for human error analysis (ATHEANA).Results: According to the results of HTA, there were nine major mining tasks and explosion was the main scenario. According to ATHEANA, the possibility of human error for each of basic events was calculated as 0.001. Because there were 13 base events and the occurrence probability of each of them was estimated at 0.001, finally, the total possibility of human error in mining operations was calculated as 0.013.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that explosion in a mine had five sub-tasks that sparked of cigarette wrappers, hand grasping, and inappropriate size and material, respectively, with the probability of defect of 0.004 and 0.003 were the most prevalent errors. Therefore, it is recommended to managers and authorities to take necessary measures to protect the health of them and reduce the risk of human error and environmental conditions.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    53-60
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    3
  • Views: 

    971
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: Hundreds of millions of patients are annually affected by nosocomial infections worldwide, the most important complications of which are mortality and imposition of financial burdens on health systems. The maintenance of adequate indoor air quality (IAQ) at hospitals is critical to the prevention of these infections. The evaluation of IAQ can be performed through bioaerosol sampling and particle counting. Regarding this, the present study aimed to evaluate IAQ by investigating bioaerosol concentration and particle counting in various wards of a hospital in Qazvin province, Iran.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted on air samples obtained from seven wards of a hospital in Qazvin. Air samples were taken according to the standards of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health using the Andersen impactor equipped with tryptic soy agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar media at a flow rate of 28.3 L/min for 10 min. The samples were incubated, then counted in terms of CFU/m3. The counting of particulate matters was accomplished using China Way CW-HPC200 (A).Results: The lowest mean fungal and total concentrations were observed in the pathology department and laboratory, while the highest concentration was detected in the Intensive Care Unit and Coronary Intensive Care Unit. The mean PM2.5 and PM0.3 were obtained as 189 n/m3 and 100499 n/m3, respectively. The results of the Spearman test revealed a significant correlation between the total microbial concentration and PM0.3 (P=0.003).Conclusion: As the findings indicated, bio aerosol concentration was higher in the hospital than in outdoor. This might be related to the presence of patients, their activities, as well as unsuitable ventilation and disinfection. Therefore, continuous monitoring, enhancement of hygienic disinfection standards, and promotion of ventilation systems are needed to improve IAQ, especially in the hospital wards.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    61-69
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    671
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: The maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) is one of the criteria that can be used to create a balance between work and worker. The assessment of individuals’ physical work capacity can be used to assign individuals in jobs proportional to their capacities in order to maintain their health and physical capacity and improve their productivity and efficiency.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 women with the age range of 21-49 years working in hospitals located in Isfahan, Iran. The participants were evaluated through the Single Stage Treadmill Walking Test by Ebbeling. The data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-28, Occupational Fatigue Scale, and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using the Pearson correlation and t-test.Results: According to the results, the mean VO2max, physical working capacity, and general health were obtained as 38.89±1.85 ml/kg-1.min-1, 4.10±0.47 kcal/min, and 25.43±12.09 kcal/min, respectively. In addition, the mean scores of occupational fatigue and satisfaction were 85.87±32.35 and 57.48±13.01, respectively. The results also indicated a significant relationship between VO2max and age, weight, body mass index, occupational fatigue, and job satisfaction (P<0.05).Conclusion: As the findings indicated, occupational fatigue and satisfaction were associated with VO2max among workers. Consequently, it is recommended to not only consider the compatibility of physical factors in the workplace, but also give special attention to mental aspects, since they affect the workers’ physical domain and productivity.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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