Journal of Education and Community Health
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:9

Aims Planning to reduce the production and supply of hookah and tobacco can be a positive step to reducing the hookah and tobacco consumption in the community. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of educational programs on decreasing intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the handlers of public places and food centers in Arak city, Iran based on the theory of planned behavior. Materials & Methods This research is a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest method and the control group. The present research was carried out among 102 handlers of public places and food centers of Arak city, Iran in 2017 which randomly selected and divided into two experimental (n=51) and control groups (n=51). Data were collected using a questionnaire, including the constructs of the planned behavior theory and demographic variables. The intervention program consisted of 4 sessions that were applied to the experimental group during one month. Both groups were followed for two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through the chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and McNemar test. Findings After the educational intervention, significant differences were observed in the changes of attitude constructs, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention between the experimental and control groups in the pretest-posttest steps (p<0. 001). Also, the educational intervention resulted in a 25. 1% decrease in the intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the experimental group. Conclusion The educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior is effective to reduce the supply of hookah and tobacco among the handlers of public places and food centers.

Aims Today, addiction has become one of the most serious problems in human society that it leads to many deviance, anomalies, and crimes. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the quality cognitional therapeutic group in changing the level of meta-cognitive beliefs among the cannabis addicted men. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group was carried out among 40 addicted men in Khorramabad city in 2018-2019. The subjects were selected using random sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group was trained in quality cognitional therapeutic group in 8 sessions. The Wales metacognitive beliefs questionnaire was used for data collection in pre-test and post-test phases. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings By controlling the pretest effect, the quality of the cognitional therapeutic group in increasing the positive beliefs (F=39. 48) and cognitive self-awareness (F=14. 35), as well as on reducing cognitive dissonance (F=12. 67), the uncontrollability, risk of thoughts (F=13. 48) and need for thought control (F=12. 20) had a significant effect (p=0. 001). Conclusion The quality cognitional therapeutic group is effective in increasing the level of positive metacognitive beliefs and decreasing the level of negative metacognitive beliefs in cannabis addicted men.

Aims Considering the increase of the elderly population, it is essential to investigate the social, physical and mental health of the elderly, which is related to their quality of life. The present study was conducted to assess the quality of life of elderly people in Hamedan province, Iran. Instruments & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 238 elderly males and females aged over 60, who referred to the health centers of Hamedan province. The subjects were selected using randomized stratified sampling method. The 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) was used to evaluation the dimensions of quality of life of the subjects. Data were analyzed using STATA 13 software through the independent T-test and one-way analysis of variance. Findings The highest mean of quality of life was reported in the physical dimension and the subscale of pain (70. 86± 21. 29) and the lowest mean was reported in the general health (24. 10± 89. 29). The quality of life score in the subscales of physical and mental health dimensions in males was higher than the females, which this difference was statistically significant (p<0. 05). Also, in the subscales of physical and mental health, the mean score of quality of life was higher in the married subjects and the subjects with higher education (p<0. 05). Conclusion The mean of quality of life in the dimensions of physical and mental health and their related subscales in the elderly people of Hamedan province is at the acceptable and moderate level and the lowest score is related to the general health. The quality of life is also lower in elderly females, and elderly people with low education, and single elderly people.

Aims Change of nutritional style of students and their progress toward fast food consumption is one of the health problems in today’ s world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the decrease of fast food consumption in the students of girls’ vocational schools in Sanandaj city, Iran. Material & Methods This semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group, was carried out between 160 students from girls’ vocational schools of Sanandaj city. The subjects were selected by the random cluster sampling method and were classified into the two groups of control and intervention (N=80). The research tool was a researchermade questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic information and the structures of planned behavior theory. The educational methods for the intervention group were lecture, question and answer, video play, and use of books and brochures which was implemented in the 3 one-hour sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software through Chi-square and independent T-test. Findings After the intervention, the mean of all studied structures in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0. 05). Conclusion The educational program based on the theory of planned behavior is effective in the reduction of fast food consumption in the students of girls’ vocational schools in Sanandaj city.

Aims Considering that the health literacy is one of the pillars of the health evolution system, measuring the health literacy is essential to improving the health of individuals in the community. The aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy level of adults in Neyshabur city, Iran. Instruments & Methods This cross-sectional research is a descriptive-analytical study. This research was carried out on 385 people aged 18-65, who referred to the health centers in Neyshabour city in 2016-2017. The subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected by demographic characteristics questionnaire and the questionnaire of health literacy assessment of urban population aged 18-65 (HELIA). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results The mean score of health literacy in the subjects was 49. 99± 23. 16. The health literacy level in 33. 0%, 33. 5%, 27. 0% and 6. 5% of the subjects were inadequate, not adequate, adequate and high, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the health literacy level with age, gender, education, and job status (p<0. 05). Conclusion The health literacy level was inadequate in the adults of Neyshabur city and the health literacy level in most of the subjects was inadequate and not adequate.

Aims In the recent years, with regard to the uncontrolled growth of cesarean section (C-section) and the emphasis on increasing the indicator of Natural vaginal delivery (NVD) in Iran’ s Health System Transformation Plan, identifying the individual and social factors affecting this indicator have been necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effective factors with the intention of choosing NVD based on the theory of planned behavior among primigravidae in Neyshabour city. Instruments & Methods This cross-sectional study is descriptive-analytical research. It was done on 340 primigravidae with the age of 18-35 years old women referred to comprehensive urban health care centers of Neyshabour city, in 2018. Sampling was done by the multistage cluster sampling method. The information gathering tool included two parts. The first part of the study was demographic information and the second part was a researcher-made questionnaire based on direct and indirect constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression tests. Findings 44. 6% of the participants had the intention of performing C-section, 38. 3% NVD, and 17. 0% had no comment regarding the type of delivery intention. Four constructs; perceived behavioral control (β =0. 224), attitude (β =0. 199) and evaluation of behavioral outcomes (β =0. 180), and normative beliefs (β =0. 159) showed the highest positive and significant predictive value for NVD, respectively (p=0. 001). The constructs of planned theory of behavior predicted 28. 7% of the variance of NVD in pregnant women. Conclusion: The theory of planned behavior is suitable and useful for identifying the factors influencing the intention to perform NVD as well as designing and implementing educational interventions aimed at promoting NVD.

Aims The most important guarantor of maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy is pregnancy knowledge and act on them. Health literacy is an important and modifiable factor for improving access to this awareness. The aim of this study was to determine the health literacy of newly delivered mothers and its related factors in Esfarayen city. Instruments & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 266 newly delivered mothers who referred to the health centers of Esfarayen city in 2017. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using maternal health literacy and pregnancy outcomes questionnaires (MHLAPQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software through statistical tests including independent t-test and oneway analysis of variance. Findings The mean score of maternal health literacy was 57. 07± 9. 94. There was a significant relationship between maternal health literacy with educational level and occupation (p<0. 001). However, there was no significant relationship between maternal health literacy with the consumption of multivitamin and ferrous sulfate supplementation and birth weight of the baby (p>0. 05). Conclusion The health literacy status in newly delivered mothers of Esfarayen city is in a favorable situation and occupation and education are the related factors with the health literacy of the newly delivered mothers.

Aims A healthy marital relationship is the desire of all couples. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the effective factors in this relationship so that psychologists and family counselors consider these factors in their educational-therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting marital relationship stability and satisfaction. Information & Methods The method of this study was a systematic review and was conducted based on the PRISMA guideline. In this study, foreign and national researches were used without time limitation. Various keywords were used to select the researches and research was conducted in national and foreign credible scientific databases. The selected studies had been conducted on heterosexual and non-cohabitation couples (formal marriage) with at least 10 years of marital history. To investigate the quality of the articles, a checklist of the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) was used and data were analyzed using content analysis. Findings 15 foreign and national articles were selected and it was found that a set of factors were involved in the stability and satisfaction of the marital relationship. These factors were coded and based on the coding, 9 categories were identified. These 9 categories were classified into 3 classes of intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental factors. Conclusion A set of intrapersonal factors (personality characteristics, physical and mental health, positive cognitive, and spiritual-religious characteristics), interpersonal (communication skills and constructive relationship, love and affections as well as sexual relationships) and environmental factors (social support, occupation and appropriate economic status) can affect the health of the marital relationship.