COMMONITY HEALTH
Year:2018 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:10

Background and Objective: Nurses are constantly facing stressful factors due to the nature of their job. These stressors can affect their physical, psychological and social health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity and social health and spiritual intelligence among nurses.Materials and Methods: This casual-comparative study was conducted with participation of 86 nurses working in Jahrom's hospitals. Keyes social health and King’s spiritual intelligence questionnaire were used in the study. Data were analyzed via SPSS-18 software.Results: Participants were categorized as active (n=52) and inactive (n=34), based on their physical activity. The mean (SD) age of active and inactive nurses was 25.7 (5.1) and 25.9 (4.5) respectively. Among spiritual intelligence subscales, a difference was observed in the subscale of state of consciousness (P<0.01), but no statistically significant difference was seen in subscales of critical existential thinking, the production of personal meaning, transcendental consciousness and overall intelligence score between the two groups. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the active and inactive groups in the analysis of social health indicators including social flourishing, social solidarity, social cohesion, social acceptance, social participation and general score of social health.Conclusion: Physical activity was associated with social health and spiritual intelligence among nurses in Jahrom. We propose that physical activity be included in nurses’ daily schedule.

Background and Objective: Prevalence of obesity globally has increased in recent years, which is associated with an elevated risk of various diseases and increased healthcare expenses. Understanding the psychological determinants involved in obesity is important for the development of new interventions. Thus, the current study aimed to compare dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion among women with high and normal body mass index (BMI).Materials and Methods: This causal-comparative study was conducted with participation of 200 adult women (100 women with high BMI and 100 women with normal BMI). Participants were selected through convenience sampling method from Tehran. Participants were asked to complete self-report inventories including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Self-compassion Scale (SCS) which were used as measurement instruments. Data were analyzed by Independent t-test in SPSS-22 software.Results: The mean (SD) of dispositional mindfulness score in high BMI group was significantly lower than normal BMI group: 59.3 (11.3) versus 64.5 (9.5), P<0.01. Furthermore, total score of self-compassion in high BMI group was significantly lower than normal BMI group: 77.4 (14.5) versus 83 (12.8), (P<0.01). The mean (SD) of self-judgment score 14.5 (3.8); 12.9 (3.8) (P<0.01), isolation 12.6 (3.4); 10.9 (2.8) (P<0.01), and over-identification 12 (3.6); 11.1 (2.7) (P<0.05) was significantly higher in high BMI group than normal BMI group; but in common humanity 11.5 (2.8), 12.4 (2.7) (P<0.05) and mindfulness 12 (2.9); 12.9 (2.5) (P<0.05) the scores of high BMI group was significantly lower than normal BMI group.Conclusion: The study showed that women with high BMI had less dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion compared with those with normal BMI. It could be suggested that these psychological constructs be aimed in therapeutic interventions.

Background and Objective: Diarrhea outbreaks caused by contaminated water or food result in 1.8 million deaths world wilde every year. This study aimed to identify factors associated with diarrhea outbreaks in Pardis city in 2014.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted with participation of residents of Phase One to Four of Pardis city in Tehran province in 2014. Of 5075 people with diarrhea, 250 were selected as cases. For each case, a control from the neighbors who was healthy and did not have diarrhea at the onset of the outbreak was selected. Data were collected by interviewing participants and using the standard questionnaire for water and food borne diseases outbreak designed by the Ministry of Health of Iran. Blood and stool samples were collected for laboratory tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software, and Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.Results: Among all participants, 144 (57.7%) were women, and 106 (42.3%) were men. The mean (SD) age in the case and control group was 25.8 (2.1) and 29.8 (1.8) years respectively. Most participants who were affected by the diarrhea outbreak lived in Phase Three of Pardis city. They reported that diarrhea symptoms appeared on December 26th 2016 between 18: 00 and 24: 00. Drinking tap water instead of bottled water, (OR=5.94, 95% CI=3.45-10.21) and drinking of tap water at home after water supply reconnection (OR=4.20, 95% CI=1.56-11.30) had an impact on the incidence of diarrhea outbreaks among cases compared with controls at the time of outbreak (P<0.05). Laboratory samples were also reported positive for Norwalk and E.coli serotypes.Conclusion: The diarrheal outbreak in Pardis city was due to bacterial and viral pollution of water following water pipe fractures in the water distribution system of the city.

Background and Objective: An individual's attitude toward an ideal body can affect different aspects of their life. There is no clear evidence regarding the relationship between an individual’s body composition and ideal body image. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between an individual’s body fat percent and weight on his/her perception of ideal body shape.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 151 volunteers who were referred to a diet therapy clinic in Tehran in 2016 participated. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method. At first, weight, height and body composition of participants were measured. Then, 21 standardized female body images with different waist to hip ratios (WHR) and body fat percent (BF%) were presented to the participants. The participants were asked to rank them according to their attractiveness. Then the images were scored according to their ranks and the trend of score changes in the different levels of studied factors was evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS-22 software using descriptive methods, analytical tests such as repeated measure analysis of variances, Bonferroni and linear regression.Results: A total of 151 people, including 92 (60.9%) women and 59 (39.1) men participated in the study. The image with WHR of 0.68 and BF% of 23% received the highest score (8 out of 9). A linear inverse relationship was found between the score of the image and its WHR (P<0.001) and BF% (P<0.001). The interaction between WHR and BF% was also significant (P<0.001). No significant differences were found between the scores of individuals with different levels of BMI, body fat and gender.Conclusion: Study showed factors such as gender, weight and body composition have no effects on the ideal body image perception.

Background and Objective: Old age is an inevitable stage of natural life cycle which has become a significant economic, social, and health challenge for most countries in 21st century due to the increasing population of the elderly. Considering the importance of mental health and its role in quality of life of the elderly, the aim of this study was to investigate depression and general health of victims of domestic violence among the elderly and compare it with their peers in Savojbolagh, Iran.Materials and Methods: This causal-comparative descriptive study was conducted in 2017 in Savojbolagh city, located in Alborz province, Iran. The study population included elderly people who were referred to rural and urban healthcare centers to receive healthcare services within the Primary Healthcare System. Participants were selected via convenience sampling method and included 150 victims of domestic violence and 150 controls that were matched according to age range, gender, and literacy. Ghahari’s Elder Abuse Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Elder Depression Inventory were used for data collection. Data were analyzed in SPSS-22 Software using Pearson correlation coefficient and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).Results: The prevalence of emotional abuse was 50 (31%), physical abuse 19 (13%), neglect 59 (40%), religious abuse 13 (9.3%), financial abuse 8 (6%), and sexual abuse 1 (0.66%). The mean (SD) general health score was significantly lower among victims of domestic violence in than the control group: 23.8 (9.8) versus 18.9 (5.6), P<0.05. The mean (SD) depression score was significantly higher among victims of domestic violence than the control group: 3.8 (3.5) versus 1.6 (2.5), P<0.05.Conclusion: Study showed abused elders had lower general health and higher depression compared to non-abused elders.

Background and Objective: Developmental and behavioral disorders are among common problems in pediatric medicine. Early diagnosis of these disorders for early intervention and treatment is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of infants who were less than one year old based on Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) at Urban Health Centers of Jahrom city.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 593 infants in urban health centers from Jahrom in 2015 were selected by random stratified sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire for demographic information and ASQ questionnaires consisting of five domains and completed by chidren's parents. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Version 21 statistical software, using descriptive methods and analytical tests such as chi-square and logistic regression tests.Results: Of the 593 infants, 512 (86.3%) were normal and 80 (13.4%) had at least one abnormal finding. The highest developmental deficits were associated to gross motor disorders among 25 (2.4%) of the infants, followed by the domain of problem solving which accounted for 19 (2.3%) of the population. Preterm delivery) OR=4.18, 95% CI: 1.63-10.7 (, low birth weight (OR=5.17, 95% CI: 1.88-14.24), feeding via infant formula (OR=2.32, 65% CI: 0.89-6.04), high maternal age (OR=3.06, 95% CI: 0.97-9.6) and urinary tract infection (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 0.97-12.78) increased chances of deficits in the domain of problem solving. Abnormal maternal body mass index significantly increases chances of deficits in the domains of problem solving and fine motor as much as 2.84 and 3.15 times, respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion: The study showed that despite normal developmental status in a number of chidren, a considerable number had delayed development in at least one domain. Thus, programs aimed at dealing with risk factors and continuous follow-up in terms of evaluation of these domains are essential to prevent complications in the future.

Background and Objective: Acceptance and commitment therapy is among the ways to increase student's achievement motivation and quality of life. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the achievement motivation and quality of life among female high school students in Sari in northern Iran.Materials and Methods: The design of this study was semi-experimental with a pre-test, followed by a test with a control group. Participants included female high school students in Sari who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected via the Achievement Motivation and Quality of Life Scale at school. The analysis of covariance was used for data analysis by using SPSS-21 software.Results: Responses of 30 female high school in the experimental group and 30 in the control group were analyzed. The mean (SD) age of the experimental group was 16.1 (2.4) and 16.6 (3.1) respectively. Acceptance and commitment therapy increased the achievement motivation among the experimental group from 50.6 (7.6) to 73.6 (6.8), P<0.001. In addition, the quality of life of participants among the experimental group was improved from 62.2 (7.6) to 89.1 (7.6), P<0.001. On the other hand, the achievement motivation and quality of life of the control group did not show a significant difference in pre-test and post-test.Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy increased achievement motivation and quality of life at school among high school student.

Background and Objective: Medical malpractice lawsuit can persuade physicians to be more careful in practice but each file may have many adverse consequences for doctors and patient and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of medical malpractice lawsuit on doctors and their practice.Materials and Methods: This qualitative study conducted by Problem-centered interview and convenience sampling. Participants were 15 physicians who were summoned to Dispute Resolution Council. After declaring the informed consent, a Semi-structured interview was conducted with each doctor. Data was analyzed by encoding and categorization.Results: Psychological consequences include anxiety and depression; professional effects include time loss and absence from work, social consequence like loss of reputation, family members’ concern were the deleterious effects of complaints against physicians. Also changing the practice to defensive medicine is an important consequence of complaints.Conclusion: Patient’s complaint can lead to Psychological and social consequences for physicians. Also it can result in defensive medicine that doctors avoid of admitting high risk patients and impose medically unnecessary costs to patients. Investigation of patients' complaints in preliminary expert commissions and before calling doctors to judicial authorities can help reduce these problems.

Background and Objective: The quality of marital life can affect the various dimensions of individual and social life, including the physical and mental health of couples. The purpose of this study was to predict depression based on marital satisfaction, conflicts and instability among married women in Ahwaz Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with participation of 240 married women who were selected through convenience sampling method in Ahwaz in 2016. Data were collected via Beck depression inventory, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, marital conflict questionnaire, and Edwards’s marital instability scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS-20 statistical software using descriptive methods and analytical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression tests.Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 38 (9.2). Most participants, 90 (37.5%), had bachelor degree. The mean (SD) marital satisfaction score was 28.2 (8.4), marital conflicts 84.3 (31.7), marital instability 20.5 (8.4) and depression 5.1 (6.1). Depression score had a significant association with marital satisfaction, marital conflicts and marital instability (P<0.01).Conclusion: Marital instability, marital satisfaction and marital conflicts were predictors of depression among married women.

Background and Objective: Due to the nature of couples' interactions, sometimes there is a difference of opinion, which in turn results in feeling of anger, disappointment, and dissatisfaction among couples. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based education on the differentiation and marital conflicts among women referred to Health Centers in Tehran.Materials and Methods: This research method of this study was experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Participants included women who went to Health Centers in Tehran. Participants were selected by simple random sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups. To obtain data, the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ-R), and DSI (Differentiation Questionnaire) were used. Data analysis was performed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-21 software.Results: The mean (SD) age of participants in the experimental group and the control group was 34.4 (6.1) and 32.8 (5.6) respectively. Mindfulness-oriented education increased marital conflict scores (in terms of conflict reduction) in the experimental group from 26 (4.3) to 35.7 (4.4) (P<0.01) and differentiation from 42.5 (5.3) to 50.4 (8.5) (P<0.01). However, changes in marital conflict in the control group do not show a significant difference.Conclusion: Mindfulness-oriented education was effective in improving marital conflict and differentiation among women who were referred to Tehran's Health Centers.