Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2023 | Volume:22 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Background and Objectives The first permanent molar teeth develop at the age of 6 to 7 and usually slowly and without concern in the posterior molar second molar. Accordingly, the present study aims to compare parents' knowledge and attitudes about prevention methods. Caries in two groups of primary school children with permanent and deadly molar teeth in Ahvaz city in 1397-98.Subjects and Methods This study was descriptive-analytic. The sample size was 214 children with permanent and impaired primary molars, and their parents were selected according to the formula and randomly. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Then it was analyzed by SPSS20 software and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Parents 'awareness of decay prevention methods in primary school children was very low in deciduous first molars and in children with normal molar teeth, there was a significant difference between parents' knowledge scores (P <0.05). The mean of the answers to all the questions related to parents' attitude in primary school children with the first molars was 6 and in the group with the first molars was 4.99. Parents' performance in children with first molar teeth was desirable and in children with impacted first molar teeth was undesirable. Parental performance of the two groups was significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusion According to the results, not only did parents increase their knowledge and attitudes toward oral health of their children, but also provided the necessary facilities for the implementation and performance of the learning.

Background and Objectives Typhoid is a contagious disease transmitted through food and water and is a public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of typhoid fever in suspected patients referred to the Laboratory of Jahad Daneshgahi, Ahvaz, Iran. Subjects and Methods This retrospective study was conducted on all patients suspected of typhoid fever who were referred to the Laboratory of Jahad Daneshgahi in Ahvaz, Iran, in a 10-year period from 2011-2020. The Widal serological test was considered positive 1.160 and above. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and Chi-square test. Results Out of 8,642 patients, 88 (1.02%) cases were seropositive. Despite the trend of changes in positive cases from 0.4% in 2011 to 1.4% in 2015 and its zigzag diagram in different years, no statistically significant difference was observed between the positive cases by year (P=0.08). The lowest and highest seropositive frequencies were in summer and winter seasons (0.8% ver.1.2%); and in October and February months (0.4 ver.1.6%), respectively (P=0.43). Although the frequency of seropositive cases of typhoid fever was higher in women (1.07%) than in men (0.97%), this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.37). The highest frequency of seropositive cases was observed in the age group under 15 years (1.3%) and the lowest in the age group over 65 years [0.6%; P=0.56]. Conclusion The obtained results showed that the changes in typhoid fever in this period of time were zigzag and had no constant trend. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed between males and females at different ages. The findings of this study could be helpful for healthcare policymakers in understanding the epidemiology of typhoid fever in this region.

Background and Objectives Hypothyroidism is one of the causes of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, especially in pregnant women. One of the ways to prevent the occurrence of such disorders is the use of non-pharmacological methods such as muscle relaxation, which can be taught to pregnant women either face-to-face or face-to-face. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of muscle relaxation training in two ways, face-to-face and remotely, on the level of stress and anxiety of pregnant women with hypothyroidism. Subjects and Methods This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design in the year 2019 in selected centers of comprehensive health services in Najafabad. The research sample included 66 pregnant women with hypothyroidism. In this research, easy sampling method and random allocation of samples in two groups were used. Data collection tools were Spielberger anxiety and stress questionnaires spp-14. The data were described and analyzed with SPSS version 21 software at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results The results showed that face-to-face training is an effective method in muscle relaxation training as a safe and effective intervention in reducing stress and anxiety in pregnant women. Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, face-to-face training is an effective method for muscle relaxation training as a safe and effective intervention in reducing stress and anxiety in pregnant women.

Background and Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of respiratory infections in children admitted to Aboozar Children's Hospital in Ahvaz and the associated risk factors. Subjects and Methods A total of147 children aged 12 years and below admitted to the emergency department were selected for this case-control study, including 96 children with respiratory infections and 51 children without respiratory and/or digestive infections as a control group. Their demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded and statistically compared between the two groups. Results Pneumonia (80.2%), especially pneumonia caused by coronavirus 2019, was the most common type of respiratory infection in children. The prevalence and risk of respiratory complications were significantly higher in boys than in girls (p=0.003). The mean age of children with respiratory infections was also higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In addition, high body mass index, underlying diseases, low birth weight, reduced or no breastfeeding, a family with many children, parental smoking and air pollution were significantly associated with the high risk of infection (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, the children with respiratory infections had lower levels of red blood cells and lymphocytes, but higher levels of neutrophils (p<0.05). Conclusion Knowledge of diagnostic markers and possible risk factors for respiratory infections in children at the beginning of admission to the ward can play a key role in timely diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Background and Objectives This study compared conventional dose fractionation and hypofractionation in breast cancer radiotherapy to optimize treatment planning using different physical indices Subjects and Methods In this retrospective study, the treatment plans of 30 patients eligible for radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer were investigated. Patients were treated with a conventional dose- interval regimen and three hypofractionated regimens. Dosimetry indexes such as the homogeneity index, conformity index, and mean dose to the left breast, lung, and heart were extracted from the dose-volume histogram and compared with each other to study the four different treatment regimens. Results According to the data obtained, the mean dose to the left breast (PTV), heart and ipsilateral lung was significantly reduced in hypofractionation methods compared to conventional regimen. The homogeneity and the conformity index values showed no significant difference in any of the treatment regimens. The dose received showed no difference in lung volume. For heart, the volume of 38 and 43% of the prescribed dose were significantly higher in the conventional method than in the three hypofractionation regimens. Conclusion Hypofraction treatment regimens with fewer treatment fraction and a dose per fraction greater than 2Gy compared to conventional dose fractionation led to a dose reduction for the heart and the same side of the lung.

Introduction: The hospital information system is an electronic tool that collects, classifies, stores and retrieves the financial, administrative and clinical information of patients using computer capabilities and provides them to decision makers at any place and time. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the acceptance of the hospital information system from the point of view of the users of teaching hospitals of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.Method: The present study is descriptive observational. The samples included 270 users of teaching hospitals in Ahvaz. Sampling was done randomly and samples were available. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire.An average of less than 2.5 indicates a low acceptance level, an average of 2.5 to less than 3.75 is considered an average acceptance level, and an average greater than 3.75 to 5 indicates a favorable level of HIS acceptance by usersResults: The average variables of the questionnaire in terms of task support dimension, user interface, support for interdisciplinary cooperation and support service dimension are 4.42, 4.05, 4.64, 4.25, respectively, which indicates the level of acceptable acceptance. And in the dimensions of adaptability to tasks, learning ability, and accessibility, respectively, 3.73, 3.07, and 3.59, which indicate the average level of acceptanceConclusion: Officials can increase user satisfaction by providing appropriate platforms in terms of accessibility and learning capabilities, and also by improving hospital information systems, they can significantly save time and increase the quality of services provided in the health care sector

Background and Objectives Considering the importance of pain control in patients, examining pain management awareness among medical students is necessary. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and pain management awareness among medical interns at Jundishapur Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. Subjects and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study included 150 medical interns, who completed demographic information, the Lennik and Keil moral intelligence and Macmillan Pain Management questionnaires. Eventually, data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). Results The moral intelligence score of interns was 144.98 ± 17.18219. a total of 21 (14%) had average moral intelligence, and 129 (86%) cases showed good moral intelligence. The highest mean was related to accepting responsibility to serve others, and the lowest mean was related to the ability to forgive others' mistakes. The mean score for pain management was 73.72 ± 4.96446. Moreover, 30 (20%) cases had moderate pain management, and 120 (80%) cases showed good pain management. A statistically significant relationship was found between the moral intelligence and pain management score (P=0.003). The pain management score in women was significantly higher than that of men (p=0.001). Conclusion The indicators of moral intelligence and pain management in medical interns were at a good level, which indicates the success of general and specific educational programs in the field of developing moral skills in medical students.

Background and Objectives Obesity is a multifactorial disease including genetics, lifestyle and gut dysbiosis. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training and probiotic supplementation on body composition, insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin in inactive obese women. Subjects and Methods In this semi-experimental research, 32 middle-aged women with first-degree obesity were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into four groups: Exercise, Supplement, Combination, and Control. The exercise intervention consisted of eight weeks of moderate-intensity rhythmic aerobic training (60-75% of heart rate reserve) on three days of the week. The supplement and combination groups took 2 capsules of Familact probiotics from Bio Ferment Company daily, and the training and control groups received a placebo. Results A significant decrease was observed in insulin resistance, weight, and body fat percentage in the intervention groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, the reduction of insulin resistance in both training and combination groups was significantly higher than in the supplement group (P < 0.05). The reduction of HbA1C in the combined group was significant compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Also, the reduction in body fat percentage was significantly higher in the combined group than in the supplement group (P<0.001). Conclusion Both exercise and the use of probiotics have positive effects on the body composition and metabolism in obese women, and the use of both methods has better effects.

Background and Objectives Pregnancy is one of the most important periods of a woman's life, which affects most body systems due to the extensive metabolic needs of pregnancy. This research aimed to compare quality of life, thyroid function, and blood glucose profile in active and inactive pregnant women. Subjects and Methods In the present study, 120 pregnant women were purposefully selected from the pregnant women who were referred to the women's Clinic of Amir al-Momenin and Social Security Hospital in Ahvaz, Khuzestan province, Iran, in 2022. The activity and inactivity of pregnant women were based on the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). In addition, the participants completed the quality of life questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF). To measure thyroid hormones and sugar profile, blood sampling was done in the Hospital Laboratory while fasting. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results The results of the present research showed that active pregnant women had significantly higher quality of life and T3 and T4 hormones compared to inactive pregnant women. Furthermore, active pregnant women had significantly lower fasting blood glucose, two-hour blood glucose, and thyroid-stimulating hormone compared to inactive pregnant women. Conclusion Overall, the present study emphasizes the importance of the role of physical activity on the psychological and physiological variables of pregnant women and suggests exercise interventions in future research.

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant drug which is used to inhibit organ transplant rejection and to treat autoimmune diseases. Theoretically, such medications have spermatotoxic and genotoxic effects. However, evidence on the effects of MMF on fertility is limited and controversial.This study evaluated the effects of MMF and testosterone on sperm, sex hormones and antioxidant enzymes in male rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 24 adult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice randomly divided into 3 groups: 1- saline serum (control), 2- MMF and 3- MMF along with testosterone by subcutaneous injection, for 65 days. Change in body weight, sperm quality (concentration, motility and morphology), serum level of gonadotropin hormones, and testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum and epididymis were evaluated.Findings: Both MMF treatment groups compared to control showed a decrease in body weight, number and motility of sperm, level of testosterone, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and catalase) and TAC (P<0.05), and increase of gonadotropin hormones and sperm morphology abnormality (P<0.05). The adverse effects on sperm count and epididymis testosterone levels in the Mycophenolatemofetil +testosterone group was less than the Mycophenolate mofetil group (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that Mycophenolatemofetil has adverse effects on sperm count, gonadotropins , testosterone and antioxidant pathway enzymes, and the use of testosterone cannot reduce the adverse effects of MMF. The adverse effects of Mycophenolate mofetil may be due to a decrease in the level of antioxidants.

Background and Objectives The present study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the survival rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Subjects and Methods Twenty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups of six: Control, Curcumin, CGA, and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Around 10 μmol/L Curcumin was added to the culture medium, and the cells were exposed to curcumin dissolved in DMSO for 48 h. In addition, in the CGA group, this substance was added to the culture medium with a dose of 10 mmol (for 24 h). After isolation, culture, and passage of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the cells were trypsinized, and then centrifuged. For cell counting, after mixing 10 μl of culture medium with cells and 10 μl of toluidine blue, the number of live and dead cells was counted.Results Exposure of stem cells to curcumin for 48 h at a dose of 10 μmol resulted in a significant increase in cell viability compared to the control group. Furthermore, the presence of mesenchymal stem cells with 10 mmol of CGA for 24 h significantly increased cell survival. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups of curcumin and CGA in cell survival, and the effect of curcumin was more significant than CGA. Conclusion Comparison of the protective effect of curcumin on mesenchymal stem cells based on statistical analysis showed that the effect of curcumin is much greater than CGA, and a significant difference between these two treatment groups indicates that curcumin is more effective in protecting against death and increasing the live/dead cell ratio.

Background and Objectives Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disease, with increasing rates and numerous complications worldwide. Nervous system disorders are common complications of diabetes, with around half of diabetics eventually developing neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy leads to consequences, such as recurrent infections of the lower limbs, diabetic foot ulcers and subsequent amputations. Considering the numerous problems caused by diabetic neuropathy and to contribute to the improvement of prevention and control strategies, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in diabetic patients and its risk factors. Subjects and Methods This cross-sectional study was part of a retrospective study (ADFC) conducted on 605 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Ahvaz Golestan Hospital from 2014 to 2016. The incidence of diabetic neuropathy was assessed in these patients, and the risk factors for developing neuropathy were examined using a checklist and physical examination. The data were then analyzed using SPSS software version23. Results Of 605 patients examined in this study, 213 (35.2%) had diabetic neuropathy. Of these 213 participants, (51%) were women and (49%) men. In the univariable analysis, older age, male gender, longer duration of diabetes, lower education level and smoking were significantly associated with neuropathy, but in the univariable analysis only smoking and duration of diabetes remained in the model with significant relationship (p= 0.005 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Diabetic neuropathy is a common and widespread complication of diabetes. Through early diagnosis and control of risk factors, efforts should be made to reduce this complication in order to minimize its numerous personal, social and financial consequences. In this study, the prevalence of neuropathy was high. In addition, diabetes duration and smoking were defined as major risk factors. It is therefore recommended that neuropathy screening and patient education (on blood glucose control, foot self-care, smoking cessation) be given greater consideration in our region.