PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2023 | Volume:14 | Issue:44|Papers Count:8

The critical study of previous philosophers’ attitudes towards women has increased. Studying the history of western and Islamic thought, Ibn Rushd’ attitude towards women is astonishingly shining. It includes such modern ideas as if they are the views of a contemporary thinker not a philosopher from the twelfth century. Studying his views on women seems necessary because , no Persian and special inquiry on it has been done yet. Therefore, in this essay, it has been tried to offer an overall description of his views on women. His reflections on women may be found in his Commentary on Plato’s Republic and Bidayat al-Mujtahid. In Commentary , he has asserted that women are equal to men intellectually. Therefore, equal rights must be shared between women and men. Moreover, he has added that any society ignores the capacities and capabilities of its women, will never acquire economic and social and flourishment. Thus, he has suggested that equal rights for women and men, have to be established, at least for the interest of the societies. In other words, even if societies don't care about women, they have to give the equal opportunities to women and men because of their own interest.

The importance of the house not only as a shelter but also as a place for the formation of social activities in order to provide material and non-material needs isn’t hidden from anyone. Meanwhile, women as members of the family who live at home have caused changes in house space Organization. The quiddity of this type of change is such that it has its visible and hidden manifestation in the Physical and house spaces. Changing the position of women in society and the attitude towards them in the spatial organization of house is an issue that has been investigated in this research. The process of this research is exploratory, which has explained the findings by recognizing and classifying them and analyzing them with a qualitative nature. The assessment of the spatial organization of house on each of the types of housing shows many changes in line with the attitude and mentality of the common people towards women. The results show that by moving from historical house to contemporary house, witness 1-Changing the position of a space in the spatial organization of housing, 2-Removing or adding spaces in the organization of spaces, 3-Combining a space with other spaces and 4- Cha...

The owners of Home-based businesses, especially the majority of whom are women, face difficulties in acquiring resources from formal institutions such as banks, funds, and supportive institutions, Though they find solutions to finance and expand their businesses Which generally rely on their social capital. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which these businesses are funded and the relationship between these resources, social capital, and the success of Home-based businesses. At first, using semi-structured interviews with women who are the owners of successful Home-based businesses, and then using a survey with Home-based business owners. The study showed that these women are using "Bootstrap Financing" in their business start-up phase, including the use of their and other family members’ savings and valuable resources. To further expand the business they use bank loans, funds, and supportive institutions loans, Methods that rely on people's social capital. A survey of Home-based business owners showed that successful Home-based businesses more than unsuccessful ones have used both methods of financing and have higher social capital. As people's social capital increases, their access to other people's financial resources through borrowing, late payments, loans, etc. increases. they turn social capital into economic capital.

بیان مسئله: موسیقی در طول تاریخ همواره مورد توجه ایرانیان بوده و در تمام دورة های مختلف پادشاهی ایران جایگاه خود را به طور رسمی در میان حاکمان حفظ کرده است. با روی کار آمدن دودمان قاجار و تجربه نزدیک شدن ایران به غرب، تغییرات چشم گیری در زمینه های هنری به خصوص موسیقی و نگارگری پدید آمد. اما تأثیر این تحولات بر فعالیت زنان خنیاگر با ابهاماتی روبه رو است. بر همین اساس پرسش اصلی این پژوهش چیستی جایگاه اجتماعی زنان خنیاگر این دورة در میان نگاره ها و منابع مکتوب و سفرنامه ها و همچنین و چگونگی پوشش آنان به عنوان زنان خنیاگر است. همچنین چیستی ابزار آلات خنیاگری و سازهای مورد استفاده آن ها از پرسش های دیگری است که به آن پاسخ داده می شود. این پژوهش از نظر هدف بنیادی و از نظر رویکرد کیفی است که براساس داده‎های کتابخانه ای و تحلیل محتوی بصری با بهره گیری از دانش نشانه شناسی یافته های آن تحلیل و تبیین میشود. براساس یافته های این پژوهش همان گونه که مرتبه اهالی موسیقی در دوره های مختلف حکومت های ایرانی لغزان و نامطمئن بوده در دوره قاجار نیز این نگرانی پا برجا بوده و این مسئله برای زنان خنیاگر دشوارتر و بسته به نوع کار، نوازنده، رقصنده یا خواننده و مانند آن، نیز متفاوت بوده است.

One of the ways to discover and understand the dominant discourses of society, historical period or a specific group is to examine and analyze gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes are uniform images and stereotypes about the specific behaviors of women and men that are presented and accepted without examination and testing. In this regard, Maciones (2001) and Taylor (2003) have presented a model that includes seven main and fundamental items about gender stereotypes. Since Sa’adi is one of the writers and thinkers in the cultural and social fields of the 7th century, it is important to examine his works from the perspective of representing gender stereotypes in the literary, historical and social context. For this purpose, in this research, two important works of Sa’adi, Golestan and Bustan, are examined and analyzed according to the mentioned model. The findings of the research show that six out of the seven items of this model are represented in Golestan and Bustan in the form of different expressions and stories, and Saadi and his community have a positive attitude towards these items. From this point of view, women are timid, weak, passive, cooperative, submissive, dependent, emotional, beautiful, delicate, less intelligent and less talented.

The partisan war in the Kurdistan region, which took place in the days after the Islamic Revolution between the Kurdish guerrillas who were supporters of the Kumle Party and the Democratic Party, and the central forces, brought heavy human costs to Iran. Female nurses who frequently rushed to the region voluntarily for relief, rescue, clinical care, nursing and treatment, played a significant role in reducing casualties and treating the injured.Referring resistance factors from sociological point of views, methodologically it is a qualitative research. So then, systematic study and thematic analysis of published narratives of women as nurses in the field of healthcare were done. findings indicate that the stability of these women despite the high human costs and their agency in maintaining their moral positions and the continuation of their care-oriented actions.With the clarification of the risky and bloody aspects of the field, the role of women in the continuation of the formal policy of serving the deprived people during the partisan war became more clear and the record of women's collective voluntary action in maintaining the professional status of nursing was examined. This has been neglected from the continuation of women's activities in the Islamic Revolution.

Woman and her position in the universe has always been considered in various fields of research. Providing an accurate interpretation of the position of women in the Islamic perspective is always one of the most difficult issues in the field of Islamic research. But referring to the Islamic theological and mystical tradition is an accurate and close approach to the truth.The present study has dealt with the position of women in the system of creation with a theological approach and with reference to Islamic theological and mystical texts and has achieved the following results: 1- Marriage is one of the laws governing the system of creation. And finally, the natural and human world is present, flowing and flowing everywhere. Marriage (man and woman) in the human world is just one example of the bipolar truth of the Islamic monotheistic system. -.4- Therefore, man and woman are both manifestations of divine names and attributes, but woman is more complete than man in the manifestation of Hazrat Haqq in the manifestation of divine attributes, because woman alone contains the two active and passive aspects of creation and man has only one aspect. Is active.

The central issue of this paper is the study of the relationship between women and the urban space of Kermanshah. For this purpose, the women of two neighborhoods of Dolatabad and Kasri were selected so that apart from gender, the effect of women's socio-economic base on their relationship with the city and their acceptance by the city was investigated. The method of the article is grounded theory and corresponding to the problem and research method, data were collected through interviews. The main guide for data analysis has been the production theory of Lefebvre space.The research concluded that the women of both neighborhoods do not have a connection with the city and the city does not have a public space to accept women. However, the women of Daulatabad neighborhood meet the needs of the urban space in kinship, neighborhood and neighborhood communities, and the women of the Kasri neighborhood have replaced the privatized public spaces with urban spaces. The lack of presence of women in the city is the result of their absence in the economic order and their secondary role in the system of division of labor of the dominant relations in Kermanshah.