Journal of Innovation Ecosystem
Year:2023 | Volume:3 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

One of the critical factors affecting productivity is innovation and technology. In fact, innovation is necessary to increase productivity, and the transformation of new ideas into new economic solutions (new products, processes, and services) is the basis of sustainable competitive advantages for companies. Many studies have investigated the relationship between productivity and innovation. Some of these studies have found a positive relationship between innovation and productivity, and some have not found a significant relationship between the two. According to the recent contents, this study seeks to examine the relationship between innovation and productivity in developing countries. For this purpose, the panel data method has been used for the period from 2011 to 2019. The results of the model show that innovation and productivity have a positive and significant relationship. The estimated parameter of innovation is equal to 0.16, which indicates that a one percent increase in innovation increases productivity by 0.16 percent. Also, technology readiness index has a positive and significant effect on productivity. Technological readiness creates prosperity and new job opportunities, as well as increasing the competitiveness of industries in the domestic and international arena, and its positive effect is in accordance with the theoretical expectation of the research.

The amount of innovation has a fundamental and tremendous impact on the economic growth and development of a country, which has caused most researchers and policymakers to pay attention to creativity and innovation as a new solution for development. For this reason, several studies have been conducted in relation to the factors affecting innovation at the micro level (companies and enterprises) and at the macro level (at the level of different countries and regions). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of human capital and social capital on innovation in selected members of OPEC countries, including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates during 2012-2021 using the Panel ARDL approach. The results of the model have shown that in the short term, among the variables, only two variables, human capital (HC) and Research and Development (R&D), have a positive and significant effect on the global innovation index in the short term, and other variables in the short term have not a significant effect on the innovation index of countries. Also, the examination of the long-term coefficients of the variables shows that human capital, social capital, gross domestic product and research and development expenditure have a significant and positive effect on the global innovation index in countries. Therefore, it is suggested that increasing human capital and research and development expenses should be prioritized in short-term planning for the innovation index in society. Also, government spending should be increased in sectors that have high innovation potential and capacity in those sectors.

Human capital is one of the key factors in the development of entrepreneurship. The lack of financial resources in developing countries considers self-employment as an important and necessary solution to reduce unemployment, economic growth, and regional development. In the conditions of economic crisis, the development of entrepreneurship is considered by the governments as an effective way to get out of the crisis and create employment and economic prosperity. In this study, to investigate the effect of economic participation rate and human capital on the development and sustainability of entrepreneurial activities, data from 20 developing countries from 2019 to 2009 have been used. Using panel data and the method of generalized moments in panel data, the relationship between variables was analyzed. The research results show that the higher the human development, the higher the entrepreneurship development. Also, a higher economic participation rate leads to more entrepreneurship. The inflation variable has a positive but small effect on the entrepreneurship index, and the economic growth variable has a negative and significant effect on the entrepreneurship index. Therefore, according to the results, strong human capital leads to the possibility of success in starting businesses and using appropriate approaches to face risks and fluctuations. Increasing economic participation in the economy for entrepreneurs brings advantages such as diversity in the workforce, greater access to the workforce, and increased purchasing power of the workforce.

The policy maker's goal at the macro level is to promote knowledge-based activities in different regions of the country and the balanced development of the provinces. The current study focuses on the concept of intelligent specialization with the aim of supporting knowledge-based companies and developing their activities. Based on this approach, innovative activities in the provinces should be focused on competitive advantages, potential capacities and value chains in the region.Therefore, this research emphasizes on supporting knowledge-based companies in accordance with the conditions of the region and with the aim of directing activities in the priority areas of the region. Focusing on Hormozgan province, this study has investigated the priority areas and advantages of the region through the study of official provincial documents, including Hormozgan province's plan document and the province's strategic problem-solving document. Then, through interviews with 21 activists in the field, it identified the challenges faced by knowledge-based companies. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data and by coding the concepts extracted from the interviews and policy texts, the meaningful pattern of the themes was determined based on the collected data.In the first step of the research, the priority and attractive areas of the province were determined. Then, the field of activity of knowledge-based companies was investigated and based on the attractiveness-capability matrix, areas of activity with high attractiveness, high ability, and high attractiveness, low ability were identified. The results showed that the development of knowledge-based activities in the region requires that things like facilitating the licensing of active companies in priority areas, helping to complete the supply chain in the relevant area, justifying actors to support companies in emphasized areas and using the knowledge of other provinces in relevant areas should be followed up.

In this study, open innovation has been proposed in two dimensions, internal and external, and the concept of technological determinism is also related to the level of the organization's understanding of the innovative methods of other organizations in the field of solving its own problems and issues, the degree of monitoring of the external environment by the company, the degree of influence and the age of the organizational culture. Hakim refers to the effort of the organization to inject new work and management procedures and systems, the level of interest of the company's employees in making changes, and the quality of employees' experiences in the field of changes made in the past. Since companies seek to achieve a competitive advantage through knowledge management and innovation, this research was conducted with the aim of answering how to improve the company's performance by emphasizing the role of open innovation and technological determinism. The current research is applied in terms of objective, quantitative in terms of data collection and correlational descriptive in terms of method. In this research, the research community consists of 600 employees of Kaleh Company and the sample size of the assumed community is 234 people based on the table of Morgan. The results of this research show a direct and positive relationship between open innovation and technological determinism on company performance.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the emerging technologies that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. The tremendous economic effects of this technology and, on the other hand, the potential risks and challenges have caused policymakers in different countries to pay special attention to appropriate policies for developing AI innovation ecosystems. This research identified the basic functions of AI in the world by examining the innovation ecosystem development policies in 6 countries, the United States, China, England, Russia, India, and the UAE, and interviewing AI experts in the Iran. In addition, the present research has identified the actors of this ecosystem and the roles and mutual relationships between them by presenting the structural and functional mapping of the AI innovation ecosystem and offers some policies to improve the development of the AI ecosystem in Iran. The seven basic AI functions identified in this research are policy and governance, education, financing, research, networking, innovative and startup activities, and technical infrastructure development. Also, the results of this research show that Iran's AI ecosystem has 41 governmental, quasi-governmental and private major actors. Moreover, the research results indicate that to develop the country's AI innovation ecosystem and prevent lagging behind other countries, high-level coordination of government, industry and university actors is needed.