MILITARY CARING SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (23) |Papers Count:9

Introduction: The Spouses of Veterans With Post-traumatic Stress Disorderbecause of frequent contact with her husband during their life have been greatly affected by emotional-spiritual problems, which often have a vague concept of love and empathy Objective: According to the theory of Glasser’ s Reality Therapy to improve marital relations, this study conducted to survey the effects of reality therapy on the empathy of post-traumatic stress disorder in Spouses of war veterans. Materials and Method: Using randomized sampling, thisexperimental study was conducted on 34 war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorderin Nyayesh hospital in Tehran in 2015 that were assigned to 2 groups ofexperimental (n=17) and control (n= 17). Experimental group receivedeight 90-120 minute sessionsof reality therapy based on Glasser’ s Theory. Standardized empathy questionnaire (Davis) questionnaire wasemployed to collect data before and after the intervention. Then, data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. Results: The mean and standard deviation (Mean± SD) of empathy in reality therapy groupbefore the interventionwas 61. 01± 15. 01 and in the control groupwas 53. 52± 13. 1; independent t-test showed no significant difference (P=0. 13). Butthe mean and standard deviation (Mean± SD) of empathy in reality therapy group was 73. 47± 9. 2 after the intervention, and in the control group was 59. 29 ± 1. 7. That shows a significant difference (P=0. 003). Thus, empathy in the intervention group was more than that in the control group. Discussion and Conclusion: According tothe effectiveness of this approach on increasing the empathy of veterans’ spouses, it is suggested that officials and health professionals, especially nurseimprove the quality of life in the families of veterans ‘ spouses by understanding the needs of veterans’ spouses and familiesand holding workshops and training classes andand group therapy sessions based on reality therapy.

Introduction: Military personnel and soldiers, are at greater risk of public health and sleep disorders than civilians because of special missions, occupational issues, excessive psychological pressure and strict military laws. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of conscript general training on the sleep quality of soldiers. Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pre and post-intervention. The study population consisted of all soldiers in a general training center of military service in 2016. A total of 520 soldiers were studied using nonprobability and convenience sampling. The study was conducted in two stages before and after the completion of the military training course during about two months. Demographic and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires were used for data collection. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 20. The significance level of all tests was considered P<0. 05. Result: The results showed that the mean scores of the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire at the beginning of general military training and the end of the training period were 8. 5± 2. 6 and 12. 8± 2. 9, respectively (P<0. 05). The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in all dimensions of the questionnaire except for a delay in sleep. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the decreased sleep quality., it is suggested to provide context for organizing group counseling sessions, reducing night wakes, improving nutrition, and sports activities.

Introduction: Medical students face many stressors. A healthy lifestyle promotes health, adapts to stressors, improves the quality of life, and is a valuable resource for reducing the prevalence of high-risk health problems. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and lifestyle of medical students in 2020. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between April and September, 2020. The statistical population of the present study consists of senior nursing and paramedical students studying at AJA University of Medical Sciences in 2020. A total of 110 students were selected through a simple random sampling method, demographic and health-promoting lifestyle questionnaires. Results: The results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between the grade average, housing and the living conditions of the students. Further, the age of the students had a negative and significant relationship with students’ lifestyles (P<0. 05). Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of education on changing the way of life in this study and the gap in the educational system of the country, university authorities should adopt appropriate changes in the educational program to take useful steps for the health of students.

Introduction: Since nursing is recognized as a stressful job, stresses caused by stressors in this profession can lead to diseases and disorders that seriously endanger the health of nurses. This study aims to help reduce nurses’ job stress by using SIT (Stress Inoculation Training), one of the methods for stress reduction and management. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on nurses’ job stress. Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental done on two groups (intervention and control group) with pretest and posttest intervention. The sample of the study consisted of 50 nurses working in two hospitals of 550 Army and Najai Hospital of Mashhad who met the inclusion criteria selected through random sampling. The tools used in the present study included Taft and Anderson (1981) Job Stress Questionnaire (version 57) of French et al. (2000) questionnaire to measure stress. In this study, five 2-hour training sessions were performed using SPSS 16 for data analysis. (P<0. 05) Results: The level of initial stress in nurses was at a moderate level before the intervention and both groups were homogeneous (P=0. 063). After stress inoculation training, the stress level of nurses in the intervention group decreased from 76% to 60% but statistically, the difference between the two groups was not significant and P <0. 05 was considered a significant level. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study are not consistent with those of studies on occupational stress because they were conducted based on specific discipline prevailing in military hospitals.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders are the first cause of global mortality. Health care providers can save the lives of millions of people by providing timely and appropriate health care and preventing many disabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to use the best education methods to enhance the knowledge and skills of individuals. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training on the accurate use of electroshock using demonstration and simulation methods in ambulance and to increase the knowledge and skill of nursing students of Ajay University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2019. A total of 45 students of Aja Nursing Faculty, Tehran, Iran were recruited by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. The intervention included educating in the clinical skills lab by simulation method and in an ambulance through demonstration. A researcher-made tool including a knowledge questionnaire and a checklist was used to assess how to use electroshock in pre-test and post-test with two weeks intervals. Results: The mean score of knowledge and skills in the pre-intervention phase was not significantly different in the three groups (P<0. 05), but this difference was significant after the intervention (P<0. 05). However, the scores in both the simulation and demonstration groups were higher than that in the control group. Moreover, students’ knowledge and skill scores in the post-test phase increased in three groups (P<0. 05). Discussion and Conclusion: Educating correct use of electroshock through simulation and demonstration in a real environment enhances the knowledge and skills of nursing students. Further studies with larger samples size and in other health care groups are recommended.

Introduction: Nurses face numerous ethical challenges in their profession; the growth of ethical experiences along with knowledge of theory and clinical skills is an indispensable necessity. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate and compare the ethical reasoning level of nursing students at AJA University of Medical Sciences with nurses working in one of their affiliated hospitals. Materials and Methods: The descriptive-comparative study was performed on 70 nursing students and 68 nurses working selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data, the Nursing Dilemma Test (DNT) consisting of 6 scenarios was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean score of moral reasoning in nursing students and working nurses were 48. 18± 2. 2 and 42. 91± 3. 1, respectively. The results of the t-test with independent samples indicate that the moral reasoning scores of nursing students are significantly higher than working nurses (P=0. 03). Discussion and Conclusion: Taking actions to train ethical issues and improve the clinical environment is essential to enhance nurses’ moral reasoning ability.

Introduction: The operating room can be used to treat various types of medical errors due to numerous invasive procedures. The effects of recording error messages and timely reporting on preventing it and improving patient safety are of great importance. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the barriers of medical reporting errors from the viewpoints of operating room technologists of the educational and therapeutic centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Material and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical and temporal cross-sectional study performed on 152 operating room technologists selected using convenience sampling in 2019. The tool included demographic information and medical reporting errors. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: The Mean and standard deviation of total error reporting barriers was 1. 98± 0. 36 (out of 3). The mean score of error reporting barriers in the four areas under review shows that the highest and lowest error reporting barriers results from legal domain (2. 14± 0. 49) and financial factor (1. 85± 0. 51), respectively The highesterror reporting barriers were subject to “ personal accusation” , “ fear of accusations and being charged of” and “ Workload” . The results of the t-test and analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the error reporting barriers, gender (P=0. 026) and work experience (P=0. 031). However, there was no significant correlation between error reporting barriers and other variables (P> 0. 05). Discussion and Conclusion: Exposing the person to accusations and fearing the consequences of reporting was one of the most important obstacles in delivering reporting errors. In this regard, the most important step in removing this obstacle is to create a space in which each room technologist expresses errors honestly and without fear and the reason for its occurrence to the other treatment team. Therefore, it is recommended that proper interaction be established between the operating room technologists and the authorities.

Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel type of coronavirus which primarily affects the respiratory system, induces mild pulmonary symptoms (e. g cough and dyspnea), is easily recovered and causes pneumonia in severe cases. It gets to admit the patientsin the intensive care unit. Physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation play an important role in improving respiratory function andclearance of airway secretions by chest physiotherapy and breathing exercises techniques. Objective: The present study aimed to summarize applied information and make patients and caregivers aware of effective pulmonary physiotherapy methods to reduce symptoms of pulmonary involvement, improve respiratory function and reduce the length of stay in intensive care units. Results: In this review, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct and SID databases were used to search for articles with keywords suhc as Breathing exercises, /Chest therapy “ AND” pulmonary/, Respiratory disease/, COVID-19 OR Coronavirus. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the guideline on the treatment of COVID-19 patients released for physiotherapists in March 2020, cardiopulmonary physiotherapy focuses on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with acute and chronic respiratory conditions, and improves the physical fitness of those who had the disease. Thus, physiotherapy can play an effective role in respiratory and physical rehabilitation of patients with COVID 19.

Introduction: The Syrian war has many humanitarian consequences for the refugees. Children in the plight of war face many health challenges due to their vulnerability to other age groups. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the public health of refugee children caused by the Syrian war. Materials and Methods: In this Review study, an extensive search was conducted using the terms, “ War” , “ Syria” , “ Crisis” , “ Violence” , “ child” , “ Refuge” and “ Public Health” (from PubMed, ProQuest, Sid, Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Iran Medex, Web of Science Cinhaland WHO, UNHCR, UNICEF, OCHA databases in Farsi and English) from 2011 to 2019. The literature was independently reviewed by two authors. Results: A total of 8 articles out of 75 articles consistent with the purpose of the study were evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and repeated studies. The results of the study showed that the unrest in the country, poor living conditions, inaccessibility to safe food and water, the collapse of health care centers and inadequate vaccination coverage have caused many infectious diseases, such as polio and measles, increased malnutrition and anemia Discussion and Conclusion: Refugees’ children are in poor health for various reasons. Considering the vulnerability of children at war, and the high number of refugees from this age group, prevention, preparedness and response programs based on children’ s needs should be designed and monitored by governments and humanitarian organizations.