JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENGINERING
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Background and objective: Increasing environmental pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater caused serious problems because of the effect on health, especially the brain and liver and biological accumulation of it. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnetic graphene oxide as a sorbent for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions in the laboratory.Methods: Physical characteristics and morphology of synthesized adsorbent wereanalyzed using FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDX, VSM, BET and TEM techniques. In this study, the effects of impact, including the effect of time (30-180), temperature (20-60), concentration (60-500) and pH (1-5) for the removal of copper with design of experiments have been optimized. For this purpose, 30 experiment and response surface method using a central composite design software Design Expert 7.0.0 Trial was developed on five levels.Results: The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were absorbed. The results showed that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm data was fitted with both models. By utilizing the model Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was 99 mg g-1. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order kinetic data were used to describe the pseudo-second order model was the result of fitted. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of Cu2+ions was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic and physical in nature.Conclusion: The present study concludes that the magnetic graphene oxide could be employed as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ions from aqueous solutions due to fast kinetics, high adsorption capacity.

Background & Objective: the advantage of choosing Household water treatment over tap water for drinking is based on the human health assurance of health risks with these devices. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system (HACCP) is a framework that identifies and manages significant hazards at the source to point of use in the process of producing drinking water. This study can be aimed at introducing of HACCP systems as a model to identify the most important potential hazards and control these risks in the flow diagram of RO-based Household Water Treatment in Tehran.Methods: The possible hazards identified at each step of water production by household water treatment. According to the principle of Seven HACCP, Critical Control Point (CCP) is selected and determined critical limits, monitoring, and corrective action. Sampling water is taken from each critical control point. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were measured by standard methods.Results: Results of CCP Risk assessment have confirmed that the parameters of pH, nitrate, total organic carbon, and total coliform and fecal coliform were in the critical limits for defined CCPs.While, the total hardness, fluoride, and HPC were in the critical limit only at the CCP1.Conclusion: The results showed that the HACCP system can be used to reduce the risks, increase the safety of the output water of the household water treatment. To this end, regular monitoring must be carried out in the specified period by the appropriate operator.

Background: Expanding urbanization and increasing the number of vehicles have led to adverse effects on both the environment and human health. The propose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of CO2, CO, HC, O2, NOX in the exhaust outlet of vehicles tested in technical examination center, and to determine the relationships between their variation and lambda coefficient, type of fuel injection system as well as vehicle type.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 vehicles tested in technical examination centers in Hamadan city. To do this, the concentrations of CO2, CO, HC, O2, NOX gases emission were obtained, and then the relations between variation of these gases and lambda coefficient, type of fuel injection system and vehicle type were investigated. The statistical analysis that used in this study include one-way ANOVA and independent t-test (SPSS 16).Results: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the concentration of emitted gases and the lambda coefficient, the vehicle type and the type of fuel injection system (p<0.05). The lambda coefficient equal to 1 was recognized as the best combustion condition because the availability of sufficient oxygen for the reactions lead to reduction of CO and HC emissions. The fuel injection system had a significant effect on reducing the emissions due to the suitable distribution of fuel and increasing combustion efficiency.Conclusion: In the current study, it was observed that personal vehicles due to lower depreciations than the taxis, and the injector systems due to better distribution of the fuel than the carburetor ones, have better conditions in term of pollutants emissions.

Background& Objective: PolyDADMAC is used in water and waste water treatment as a primary organic coagulant which can neutralize colloidal material with negative charge and reduces sludge volume compared with Mineral coagulants. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare of PolyDADMAC with ferric chloride as a coagulant on the removal of turbidity, Coliform and Organic matter from Ahvaz drinking water.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in a lab scale and using a jartest device in Ahwaz water treatment. In this research, the coagulation of raw water was studied using PolyDADMAC alone, and mixed coagulant of PolyDADMAC and ferric chloride at various dose and ferric chloride alone were compared. The study range was selected for turbidity (NTU3850, 80), p H (9-5) and different concentrations of coagulant material.Data analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS software and one way ANOVA (p<0.05).Results: The optimal efficiency conditions of PolyDADMAC in turbidity 3850 NTU, p H=8, Flash Mix=120rpm and resulted in an optimum dose of 0.5 mg/L which the highest turbidity removal percentage was to be 99.84% in optimal dose of 0.5ppm of coagulant. The optimum doses of ferric chloride with PolyDADMAC were obtained at 15mg/L and 0/4mg/L, respectively. Under higher doses of PolyDADMAC, flocs showed stabilized in solution.In addition, PolyDADMAC also produced larger floc with higher settling velocity that need less time to settle.Conclusion: The results from the comparison of the effect of coagulants mentioned in the high turbidity removal (NTU 3850) indicate the good performance of PolyDADMAC as coagulant to ferric chloride Also, the results showed that the removal efficiency was affected by the initial turbidity so that the higher the initial turbidity, would be the more efficient the turbidity removal.

Background and Aim: The presence of various impurities including suspended solids, chemical compounds, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens can reduce the water quality and it has been increased the use of household water treatment plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of household water treatment plants on the microbial and chemical characteristics of drinking water in Ilam city.Materials & Methods: In this cross - sectional study, 50 household water treatment plants were randomly selected in all the regions of the Ilam city. The parameters of turbidity, pH, free residual chlorine, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), heterotrophic bacteria count (HPC) and fecal and total coliforms were measured in the inlet and outlet water samples of the household water treatment plants.Findings: The results showed that the removal efficiencies of free residual chlorine, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and turbidity by the household water treatment plants were 100, 70.44, 70.31 and 61.05%, respectively. The removal efficiency for total coliform was 21.61%. The finding also showed that the household water treatment plants had negative effects on the removal of heterotrophic bacteria and fecal coliforms, so that the number of these organisms in the outlet water samples was higher than of inlet.Conclusion: The results indicated that the household water treatment plants had not acceptable efficiency on the removal of microbial contamination and in many cases even increased the microbial contamination. The water treatment plants also eliminate all the free residual chlorine contents in the water that can be result in the secondary microbial contamination of the treated water.

Background and Objective: Nowadays, people for various reasons, including a lack of good quality drinking water, ease of access, relatively low cost and a positive attitude of bottled mineral water is used. Nitrate and nitrite levels in mineral water supplies are important indicators of water quality; Therefore, The aim of this study was to determine the amount of nitrite and nitrate in bottled mineral water available in the city of Babol.Materials and Methods: This cross –sectional study was the second half of 2015 of 27 bottled mineral waters recognized brand available in the city of Babol, just random two samples of each brand were collected and sent to the laboratory and were analyzed by Spectrophotometer DR2000.Results: The results showed that samples to be analyzed as nitrate the range of 1 to 29/7 and nitrite concentrations in range of 0.003 to 0.05 mg were reported. Brands S5 and S4 have the highest and lowest levels of nitrate and samples S5 and S15 was the highest and the lowest nitrite. Also significant differences was observed between test results with sample labels (p<0.05).Conclusion: All brands were marked with the national standard and Due to lack of compatibility with labels of samples analyzed parameters is required Endorsing organizations, constant monitoring of the production process and product quality monitoring and factory manufacturers Required to comply with all standards, labeling and registration are complete and consistent with real water samples.

Introduction: The removal of microbial pollutants is important for access of water quality standard.Therefore, drinking water disinfection for pathogens removal or inactivation conducted in water treatment installations. Today, due to environmental friendly, solar radiation disinfection considered.Objective of this study was effect of certain environmental factors such as turbidity, organic matter, container kind, and initial bacteria concentrations onE. coli removal from water solution using solar radiation disinfection.Material and Methods: In this study, the performance of E. coli removal were evaluated using different container (PET and Glass), turbidity (0, 10, 20 NTU), organic matter (0, 5, 10 mg/l), and initialE. coli concentrations (100, 200, 300 bacteria/ml) as experimental study. This study conducted at perfectly sunny days in July and August between 11 to 15 o’clock with maximum radiation intensity.Results: Results of this study show that both PET and Glass containers are capable to decrease of 300E.coli per milliliter to zero at 60 min contact time. With increasing of organic matter, turbidity, and initial concentration ofE. coli, bacterial removal rate from water solution decreased. Generally, solar radiation can be provide 100 % removal ofE. coli in a water solution with 300 E. coli /l as initial concentration, 20 NTU of turbidity and 10 mg/l of organic matter with 60 min contact time.Conclusion: The use of solar radiation technology is suitable for drinking water disinfection both at household level and at remote communities even for water with high turbidity and high organic matter concentrations.

Background and Purpose: Extreme use of antibiotics and discharging them to the environment lead to serious consequences. Antibiotic Penicillin G a common antibiotic due to high production and are used in the treatment of infectious diseases health officials give much attention.The aim of the present study was to Remove antibiotic Penicillin G in aquatic environments with the ultrasonic / Fenton by response surface methodology.Materials and Methods: We evaluated the effect of independent variables including solution pH, H2O2, Fe3+, reaction time and the initial concentration of the antibiotics Penicillin G on response performance (removal efficiency Penicillin G) with response to surface methodology based on Central Composite Design (CCD). ANOVA was applied to analyze the responses. All experiments were performed in the presence US frequency 35 (kHz). Chemical Oxygen Demand was selected to follow the performance for Penicillin G antibiotics removal of the ultrasonic/ Fenton process.Results: Penicillin G removal in proposed model was statistically significant at 95% confidence level.The model had insignificant lack-of-fit at 95% confidence level (P=0.8040). Penicillin G removal efficiency was dependent on PH, H2O2, Fe3+and reaction time. The removal efficiency of Penicillin G was 94.74% at optimum condition (3, 43mg/l, 0.007mg/l and 60 min).Conclusion: ultrasonic/ Fenton process applying current experimental conditions was found to be efficient in removal of the Penicillin G from aqueous solutions. Designing experiments by D-optimal method can optimize the removal of the process and prepare the best conditions for pollutant removal by reducing the number of experiments