POLITICAL STUDIES OF ISLAMIC WORLD
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (27) |Papers Count:8

The emergence of ISIS can be considered the most important Middle East security crisis since the recent uprisings in the Arab world, because the way to deal with this new actor has turned into a serious problem with regard to the tumultuous interests of global and regional actors. Regardless of the development and consequences of these developments, the key issue is the choice of the current geopolitical area of ISIS to realize its primary goals and its strategy for selecting the geographic regions in question. Accordingly, the main question here is the selection of actors was attacked by this non-state actor. In this regard, the present study seeks to analyze and explain this issue by using existing documents and works with explanatory and exploratory methods. The achievements of this study indicate that, in view of the efforts to survive and the need for the land by ISIS, along with the different situation of the Islamic societies, it seems that, in addition to the ideological criterion, it seems that there are other variables including internal variables such as economic ability and the ability to unify These groups and external variables, such as political stability, the potential for ethnic and religious gaps, and the economic and political power of the invading countries in the election of ISIS, are influential.

Qatar, the rich and small country of the southern margin of the Persian Gulf, has become one of the most influential actors in the region. What has highlighted the role of Qatar in regional diplomacy over the past few years is the political and media impact of this small Sheikh. During the Syrian crisis, Qatar was at the same time as the opposition, and in a dream with the government of Bashar al-Assad, and exerted enormous efforts to topple Assad. But with a more accurate assessment of the situation, it is trying to modify its previous policies. In this article, the authors seek to answer the question of how Qatar's diplomacy has worked on the crisis in Syria from the outset of the crisis so far? And also answers the question, what is the main reason or reason for the political tensions of Qatar and Saudi Arabia? The current study uses a general diplomacy theory and utilizes the descriptive-analytical method to examine this issue. The results of the research indicate that the tension in political relations between Qatar and Saudi Arabia has also affected the Qatari approach to the Syrian crisis, which has led to the establishment of close ties between Tehran and Doha.

Islamic awakening is a process, not an emerging phenomenon, obviously indicators of Islamic awakening in Tunisia such as Islamism, popularity and. . . can be seen. The purpose of this article is to outline what strategic recommendations can be put forward for the continuation of the Islamic awakening in Tunisia and, accordingly, tried to use the deep interviewing tool and its thematic analysis and scenario writing to be answered. Hence, using the Islamic Awakening literature based on the viewpoints of the Supreme Leader and using the views of elites and experts and who are aware of the political developments in Tunisia, identify the capacities, proponents and actors for the continuation of Islamic awakening, and by forming specialized panels have been awarded to them. Two key uncertainties of the people's tendency toward Islam and the support of the West and allies from the Salafist-Takfiri groups were extracted, and three scenarios: Islamic Renaissance, defeat, and progressive growth for the future conditions of the Islamic awakening in Tunisia, a combination of The scenarios were desirable and undesirable. Using the strategic recommendations provided to achieve the desired outlook and avoid the adverse outlook in the scenarios, 17 strategic recommendations were presented with a focus on structure and politics, culture, diplomacy and media, economics, politics, security and science-education.

For constructivism, reality is a social construct; human relationships have a social nature. Man is forming social world that is forming man’ s behavior. In psychological operation (PSYOP), the goal is to change social reality by transforming special mentalities and beliefs. So PSYOP is targeted against insider and enemy forces. In Eric Berne’ s Transactional Analysis (TA) theory, psychological games is a concept for identifying some techniques used by the people to affect personal value-belief system of the other’ s emotions, incentives or behavior-reasoning way. Berne also devised Psychological game concept. In Psychological game, the goal is to make the people confess against themselves or to reinforce attitudes and behaviors desired by the player so may be linked to hiding real intends of the actual PSYOP executive. In this essay, with combination of constructivism and TA theories I try to analyses The West and its regional allies’ PSYOP at recent Middle Eastern proxy wars. Therefore, nine psychological games are identified that can have significant imperatives even in decision-making and discourse-making spheres are identified and analyzed. In conclusion we will see how some psychological game can affect social relations and hence social discourses. My method is documentary corresponding to these two theories.

Mass-media, satellite and TV networks, the Internet and social media networks or social media have played a significant role in the modern social movements of the world. One of these countries is the Bahrain archipelago, which has been faced protests and movements influenced by youth activity in Internet. The Bahraini youth invited people to the movement during Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions and the developments in Libya, through the social networking of the movement, leading the movement, but ultimately failed leading the movement. The present study seeks to analyze the "Hybrid Space" theory proposed by Manuel Castells through a descriptive-analytical method based on library data and elite interviews, then to evaluate to matching rate of this to the recent movement of Bahrain, called “ 14 February Movement” . The main question of research is describing of the theory of Hybrid Space and it`s use in the February 14 Bahraini movement. The sub-queries of this article also explain how far the Internet and social networking sites have affected the February 14 Bahraini movement? Which social network has been central to the developments in Bahrain in 2011? What factors led to the failure of the February 14 Bahraini Movement to win? The findings suggest that the Hybrid Space that includes social networks and the general and symbolic space in movements has played a significant role in the February 14 Bahrain Movement and has been well implemented. The Bahraini government, after discovering the hybrid space influence in the cause of the February 14 Bahrain Movement, by interrupting the interruption of the Internet and destroying the Lulu Square as a symbolic and public space of the movement, sought to control the Hybrid Space to suppress the February 14 movement.

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been one of the most important global events, especially in the Middle East strategic region since 2011. By now, ISIS political dimensions are studied by many political researchers and sociologists. But there is a lack of deep studies about this terrorist group barbaric acts through the political psychology of grouping. Therefore, in this study, the authors attempt to answer this question that how ISIS violence can be analyzed in political psychological perspective based on group theories. The answer to this question is based on this assumption that although ISIS barbarism and violence may have different psychological factors, one of the main reasons is the psychology of group. There are intergroup pressures in this terrorist groups which result to weaken members mind ability as well as bring about incorrect understanding about reality, nonchalantly ethical judging and severe tendency towards violence. Although ISIS is panting the last days of his life in Iraq and Syria by Mosul reoccupation by Iraqi army (2017) and narrowing of ISIS siege ring in Syria. However, ISIS attitude is alive as before in the Middle East. This research is based on descriptive-analysis method by using internet and library resources.

In The Law of Peoples, John Rawls seeks to extend his theory of domestic justice to the international level. Accordingly, Rawls divides his theory into two parts: ideal and nonideal theory. In the ideal theory, decent liberal and nonliberal peoples are imagined who can participate in the construction of what Rawls refers to as a “ realistic utopia” . Kazanistan is an idea derived from the ideal theory based on which an Islamic country is portrayed where religion and state are not separated and Muslims are appointed to high-ranking positions, yet the rights of minorities are recognized and protected. Kazanistan has a decent consultation hierarchy, in which citizens are not excluded from the public sphere and rulers are accountable to citizens. The main idea of this paper is: “ Which of the governance models is closer to the idea of Kazanistan in terms of fundamental political structures, the issue of women and the rights of the minorities? The Turkish or the Saudi Arabian model? In the end, it was found that the Turkish model, due to the Idea of Europeanization, is closer to Rawls’ s model of a just society. In terms of methodology, this research is a comparative study.

Islamic awakening has had a direct or indirect effect on the countries of the middle east region, and in particular the arab countries of the north africa and the western Asian region. saudi arabia is the largest and most important arab country in western asia. saudi arabia interpreted these developments as contradictory to its regional strategic stability, while recognizing the threat of these denelopments was determined to maintain the status que in some places and to rebuild power elsewhere. in this research, we tried to use the constructivist theory to adopt identity conflicts approaches. this proactive bahraina identity approach has striven to maintain the status que and stailize the rule of al-khalifa as a strategic ally. in a surplus from in Syria, it seeks to change the status que and the structure of power, and ultimately to balance the power with its regional rivaliran. this research uses library resources and documents in from of a descriptive – analytical metod to examine the rule of edentity element such as Arabism, Wahhabism and Islamism on Wahhabism and Islamism on Saudi foreign policy in the middle east region after the islamic awakening.