SPORT PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:15 |Papers Count:10

This study aimed to evaluate the literature in respect to the effects of motor cognitive interventions on fall risk factors among older adults. Thirty studies were included in systematic review which quantitative analysis (Meta-Analysis) performed on all of them. Interventions were divided into three groups: Imagery interventions (43 subjects), Dual-Task (168 subjects) and Computerized interventions (706 subjects). Small effect size was reported for mental imagery interventions, while effect sizes of dual task and computerized interventions were moderate. While several factors were detected that impact risk of fall in elderly, it seems that impairment in mental state and mobility has a special importance. Motor cognitive training cause more consistency due to reasons such as realistic goal setting, positive reinforcement during exercise, feedback and ability of self-monitoring performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of generic and non-generic feedback on intrinsic motivation and motor learning in children. Thirty children in 10-year were randomly divided into generic and non-generic Feedback and control groups. Acquisition phase consisted of 40 trials (4 bloks of 10 attepmts) throughout 3 days. An acquisition test was conducted after the last training session. The first retention and transfer (greater target distance) tests were conducted one day later acquisition test. The second retention and transfer tests after one negative statement were conducted. Results showed that there are significance differences between groups in acquisition, first retention and transfer, second retention and transfer tests. Also, results showed that intrinsic motivation scores of non-generic feedback group were significantly better than generic feedback and control groups. In conclusion, intrinsic motivation, and learning were further enhanced by non- generic feedback in comparison with generic feedback and non feedback.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of working memory training on attention skill and capacity working memory among karate athletes. A number of 24 karate athletes were selected from Alborz's skilled karate athletes by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. They were asked to complete working memory capacity and attention tests. Then experimental group underwent a 25-session working memory training course. Finally, both group completed the tests again. Instruments included digit and spatial working memory test, black and red attention test, and working memory training software. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that working memory training resulted in increase in working memory capacity and attention. Generally, based on the findings, working memory training is useful to increase karate athletes’ appropriate responses in high-pressure situations.

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of athlete burnout questionnaire in the part of Iranian society. The study population included all volleyball, handball and basketball athlete of Tabriz city in 2012. From this population, 184 students (69 volleyball players, 61 basketball players, and 54 handball players) were randomly selected. Results showed that the reliability of three aspects of athlete burnout questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha method were 0.70 to 0.81. Convergent and construct validities were confirmed validity of the athlete burnout questionnaire. The results of factorial analysis as main form the athlete burnout questionnaire, were revealed the three separate but correlated factors for athlete burnout questionnaire: exhaustion, devaluation, and accomplishment. Based on these results, we can say that the athlete burnout questionnaire is reliable and valid instrument for measuring athlete burnout in Iranian culture.

This research aimed to determine the relationship between perfectionism, competitive anxiety and sports deterioration among the Iranian premier league man taekwondo players.131 out of 162 the Iranian premier league male taekwondo players completed the questionnaires. Results showed a significant positive correlation between the negative perfectionism, competitive anxiety and sports deterioration among the taekwondo players. But there was no significant relationship between positive perfectionism and competitive anxiety. Also results demonstrated that the negative perfectionism had an indirect positive effect on burnout through competitive anxiety. Based on our results, can be suggested to increase the athletes’ performance and efficacy have spatial attention to these psychological variables.

This study investigated the psychometric properties of Persian version of exercise dependence scale in Iranian athletes. To do this, 230 athletes from group and individual sport were selected through accessible sampling method. Selected athletes were professional who accomplished exercise dependence scale. According to the result of experimental factor analysis, one structure with 6 factors components was found which encompass 72.71% of the total variability of the data. Result of Confirmatory factor analysis revealed six factor structures of exercise dependence (Withdrawal, Continuance, Tolerance, Lack of control, Time, Intention effect) has a good fit. The internal consistency (0.7) and (0.86) showed that exercise dependence questionnaire has suitable reliability coefficients. Therefore, the results of the present study showed that after deleting 3 items, the exercise dependence questionnaire has satisfactory reliability and validity which researchers are able to use exercise dependence questionnaire as a reliable and valid tool to measure exercise dependence.

The purpose of this study was to comparison the temporal processing precision among elite and non-elite taekwondo players’ in short and long time intervals. Twenty three elite taekwondo players who attended the camp of the national team, and twenty three none elite taekwondo players were chosen respectively at convenience and random sampling methods. Results showed that temporal processing precision elite taekwondo players’ in short and long time intervals are significantly better than non elite players. Thus, we should consider temporal processing as one of the effective perceptional component in elite and talent identification.

The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between sport imagery ability and observational learning functions among male athletes.115 male athletes, who participated in 12st varsity sport tournament with mean age of 22.89±3.94 age years, completed the research questionnaires. Results showed that there were significant positive correlations between sport imagery ability and functions of observational learning subscales. Results of stepwise hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the skill and goal imagery ability significantly predicted the skill function of observational learning, and the strategy imagery ability significantly predicted the strategies of observational learning function. Also, the performance function of observational learning significantly was predicted by goal and mastery imagery abilities. Based on these findings, could be suggested that coaches and sport psychologists can improve the effectiveness of imagery and observational learning by matching the imagery ability types and alternatives observational learning functions in relatively high skilled athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the socio-cultural attitudes towards appearance, perfectionism, and difficulties in emotion regulation factors in prediction of muscle dysmorphia symptoms. In a cross-sectional design, 240 male body builders of Gorgan city were selected by using purposive sampling and study questionnaires were administered. Results showed that internalization-general, information, pressures, internalization-athletic (factors of socio-cultural attitudes towards appearance), concern over mistakes, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubts about actions (factors of perfectionism), non-acceptance, goals, impulsive, strategies, and clarity (factors of emotion regulation) have a significant relationship with muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Multiple regression analyses showed that internalization-general, internalization athletic, non-acceptance, goals, and clarity can significantly predict muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Importance and multi-aspect nature of social, cognitive, and emotional variables in formulation of muscle dysmorphia disorder were emphasized in this research.

The purpose of present research was to the psychometrics properties and normalization of Persian version of resiliency questionnaire among athletes and non-athletes students. The statistical population includes all of the public secondary school students in all the nineteen regions of Tehran education and training offices (48268 persons) and all tertiary students in public universities of Tehran city in the the academic year of 2011-2012 (50477 persons). Data collection medium applied is resiliency standard questions made by Connor and Davidson. The results of this study pinpoint seven factors in athletes (resilience, purposefulness, optimism, sense of control, resource utilization, spiritual resource utilization and dynamism). Besides, the results exhibited that the questionnaire is of acceptable reliability and validity in the given community (reliability equal to 0.774) and Cronbach's Alpha (reliability and stability using internal consistency) 0.753 for athletes greater than non -athletes equal to 0.781.