IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES
Year:2017 | Volume:10 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

At autumn of 2014 to 2015, lung and tracheal samples were taken from 35 broiler chickens flocks with respiratory syndrome suspected to avian influenza (AI) (H9N2 subtype) disease from different regions of Isfahan province. Viral RNA was extracted from tissue samples using RNA extraction kit and after synthesis of cDNA, avian influenza (H9N2 subtype) was detected with type and subtype specific primers. Therefore, a fragment approximately 115 base pair (bp) was amplified by one common pair primers for to all avian pneumovirus (AP). Results showed 24 out of 35 (68.57%) of chicken flocks with respiratory syndrome were infected to AI. The 11 out 24 flocks (45.83%) that infected to AI were co-infected to AP. The common morbidity of AI and AP in chicken flocks was 20.83%. Therefore it seems metapneumovirus has main role in forming and complexing of respiratory signs in broiler chickens suffering from AI in Isfahan province and complexing of AI and metapneumovirus infection may be possible in high percent of cases with respiratory syndrome.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae and causes significant economic and hygienic losses in cattle farms throughout the world. The virus has spread worldwide and despite the wide use of various control strategies against it, BVD remains prevalent. In recent years, numerous measures such as anti-viral gene therapies are frequently employed to control BVDV infection. One way to evaluate these measures is the cloning of conserved areas of the viral genome into suitable vectors for the preparation of cell lines expressing sub- genomic replicons of the virus. In this study, after multiplication of conserved sequences of BVDV- NADL NS3 and5’UTR by RT-PCR, these fragments were cloned in pWPI- linker B lentiviral vector at the upstream of GFP gene. The validity of cloning was confirmed using restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing.Therefore these recombinant plasmids will be available to produce lentiviral transfer vectors carrying the transgenes using the lentiviral packaging systems.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the main farmed cold water fish in Iran. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Chitosan as an immune stimulator on total immunoglobulin and blood hemoglobin concentration of rainbow trout and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.900 rainbow trout (25 ± 0.1g mean weight) after acclimated to laboratory conditions for two weeks divided into four groups in three replicates randomly. The fish were fed with different concentrations of Chitosan (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 percent of feed). Chitosan was solved in acetic acid (1%) and sprayed on a commercial feed pellet (FFT2) and fed the fish for eight weeks. All experimental groups were fed with control diet (without Chitosan) for three weeks later. Sampling was conducted at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 11 weeks of the trial and total immunoglobulin and blood hemoglobin concentration were measured. All trial were injected (IP) with a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophilaat a level of 107 CFU/ml at the end of 8 week. Results showed that adding Chitosan at 0.25 percentage of feed could significantly (P<0.05) increase total immunoglobulin as well as blood hemoglobin concentration in comparison to the control group, and improves rainbow trout resistance against bacterial infection.

In the present study we investigate the properties of calf foetal brain pure extract on induction of CNS neuronal cells regeneration between the abdominal wall muscles and peritoneum of rat model.Ten adult rats were used in this study. Ventral abdominal midline was clipped and prepared aseptically for surgery. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with ketamin 40 mg/kg and acepromazine 5 mg/kg with intramuscular injection. Skin and linea alba was incised and medial aspect of abdominal wall was exposed.1 ml of prepared brain pure extract was injected between peritoneum and transverse muscle layer. Linea alba and skin incision were sutured routinely. Every week for a long of 5 weeks 2 rats were euthanized and samples included injection sites were harvested and stored in 10% formalin and referred to histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry and H& E staining techniques were used for evaluations. In all specimens immunohistochemistry showed positive results for Neuron Specific Enolase and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. Also, H& E staining revealed the presence of neuronal cells in the injected site. Recent studies showed that growth factors play important roles in evolution of central nervous system and also in response to injury. These growth factors include fibroblastic growth factor, insulin like growth factors and transforming growth factor- alpha. We proposed that there are many growth factors in feotal brain pure extract that lead to neuronal cell formation between muscles and peritoneum of rats. It is suggested that in further studies, induction of neuronal cell formation should be detected with gene expression.

Fascioliasis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases among human beings and animals causing considerable economic losses in livestock. East Azerbaijan province is an important animal rearing district of Iran. There were several abattoir surveys in this province; however, a field study on seroprevalence of fascioliasis has not been performed. Therefore, this investigation was conducted to evaluate the prevalence ofFasciola hepatica infection in sheep using an indirect ELISA in East Azerbaijan province. In this study, Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. A total of 320 blood samples were taken from 2600000 head of sheep in northern, central and southern regions and then all of samples were examined for detecting F. hepatica antibodies. Our results indicated that the seroprevalence of F. hepaticain sheep in different regions of East Azerbaijan province was 9.7%. The prevalence ofF. hepatica infection in male and female sheep was 10% and 9.66%, respectively. The highest prevalence (10.13%) was seen in adult sheep (≤2 years old). The prevalence rates in northern, central and southern regions were 6.63%, 9% and 13.64%, respectively. There was no significant differences between seroprevalence and all variables (P>0.05). Our findings indicate the current status ofF. hepatica infection in sheep in East Azerbaijan province and it can be used for further investigations on the importance of this parasite in Iran and the studied regions.

To investigate the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARβ/δand PPARγ) in the reduced egg production of broiler breeder hens with unfit food intake, gene expression of these receptors was evaluated in the granulosa cells of F1 follicle by quantitative real time PCR. Hens (30 weeks old) were allocated to three different levels of feed intake (FI): Control, FI-20% (20% less than control feed intake) and FI+40% (40% more than control feed intake). These hens were maintained for 30 days with three replicates per group (10 birds / replicate; 30 birds / group). The egg production significantly decreased in two treated groups as compared to control (p<0.05). The gene expression of PPARγ was lower in the F1 follicles of FI+40% group than control and FI-20% groups (p<0.05). The transcripts of PPARα and PPARb/d genes in the F1 follicles were not significantly changed between different groups. It is concluded that increase of food intake causes drop of egg production and diminishes gene expression of PPARγ in F1 follicle while don’t change expression of PPARα and PPARb/d isoforms. Decreased mRNA level of PPARγ in F1 follicles of broiler breeder hens is the evidence of involvement of this receptor in the disorders due to high food intake.

In this study 700 records from 501 Holstein heifers (born during 2006-2012) were used to investigate of reproductive performance. The linear model was employed for Analysis of Age at First Services (AFS), Age at First Calving (AFC) and Interval from First to Last services (IFL) and the Generalized Linear Model for Conception Rate (CR). Results showed that the herd on CR was significant but the difference of other traits were not significant among herds. Conception rate least square means were not significant among different seasons and service numbers. Season of birth had significant effect on AFC so that heifers born during winter had lower AFC than summer born heifers. Comparison of lest square means for reproductive parameters in the studied herds with optimum levels showed that the AFS, AFC and IFL in most herds were higher than optimum (p<0.05). Conception rate was suitable in all herds and even in one herd was higher than optimum that shows using high quality sperms and ideal estrus detection.

Trichomonas gallinaeis flagellated protozoan that caused avian trichomonosis. This organism is widespread in clombiforms. In most cases infection with T.gallinae in birds can be asymptomatic.Currently, diagnosis of the organism is by laboratory assays included wet spread, in vitro culture and molecular methods. In this study, using by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and based on 5.8S rRNA gene amplificationT. gallinae examined and the results compared with wet test. This study carried out for investigation of trichomonase contamination of 72 pigeon of clombidae family that included 2 Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis), 8 Rock Dove (Columba livia) and 62 Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica). In this examination the samples were gathered from mouth and larynx of those pigeons by soap and then each sample was divided into two parts. Immediately a part of it was inspected via wet spread slide method that 18 positive samples were detected with this method. Another part of sample was used for specific PCR reaction using a primer pair of 5.8S ribosomal gene protected region was usedT.gallinae with this method 24 positive samples were detected. The molecular results showed that PCR with primers Trich-1Fand Trich-1R yielded 390-base pair amplicon. As well as it can be saied the PCR test is higher sensitivity and specificity than wet test.

Darreh-shori horse is one of the indigenous Persian (Persian-Arabic) horses. This horse is recognized as one of the best races for free horse-riding and long-distance races. The foot balance refers to the relationship between the hoof, its related structures, soil and equine locomotory system.The aim of this study was to investigate and measure the radiological parameters of hoof balance in front hooves of Dareh-Shori horse. Ten apparently healthy Dareh-Shori horses with the mean age 10 years and the mean height of 155/15cm were included in this study. Lateromedial radiograph were made to get the following measurements: D.W.L (7.5±0/49cm), SL (11.87±0.78cm), P3 to Toe (1.25±0.31cm), S.T (1.01±0.21cm), D.I.J.H (3.38±0.45cm), Founder Distance (0.57±0.12cm), Hoof axis (S) angle (50.1±5.20), Third phalanx axis (T) angle (48.6±4.09), P2 axis (U) angle (44.5±6.3), H (T̵ S) angle (-1.4±4.28), R (T̵ U) angle (4.45±7.31). Measurements of this study specially distances, different with those reported from other breeds so it can be used as a template in recognize and treatmeant of hoof capsule problems and provide guidelines for correct trimming or corrective treatment of abnormal, deformed hooves in Dareh-shori horses.

Bupivacaine is a medication used to decrease feeling and it use in thoracotomy surgery. In this study two anesthesia methods, intercostal and intrapleural methods and that effects on respiratory and cardiovascular system were measured after injection of bupivacaine in thoracotomy surgery.15 male New Zealand white rabbits aged 19 weeks with average 2 kg weight were divided into the three groups: control group did not receive a local anesthetic (A) and another two other groups, intercostal anesthesia (B) and intrapleural anesthesia (C). In all three groups, heart rate, respiratory rate, spo2 and Etco2 factors were examined in different times. Our results showed respiratory rate and heart rate in groups of B and C (intercostal and intrapleural analgesia) were less than group A that doesn’t received analgesic drug. We found that intrapleural method is effective than intercostal method and both of methods are better than control group.

Given to the proven role of endogenousPGF2 a on ovulation, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exogenousPGF2a (D-cloprostenol) administration on conception rate in a large dairy herd. Total number of 362 lactating dairy cows in Zagrous Company of Shahrekord were selected for this study in summer (From 20 August to 6 September, 2014). The estrus of all cows was synchronized by the Heatsynchprotochol and following heat detection the cows were artificially inseminated according to am-pm rule. The animals were submitted to two groups; the treatment group that received 150mg D-cloprostenol intravenously at the time of AI and the control group that didn’t receive any more treatment at the time of AI. To measure the concentration of serum progesterone, blood samples were obtained from 13 cows of each group at the time of insemination and 4 and 15 days later. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal ultrasound examination on 35-40 days after insemination. There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of conception rate and the serum progesterone levels (P>0.05). In conclusion, this study showed no beneficial effects of intravenous administration of D-cloprostenol on conception rate of dairy cows.

Brucellosis is one of the zoonotic diseases which have been considered always from economy and health point of view. The present study was done to determine that, is there any differences between the antibody of those vaccines which are injected in the early of their production to livestock, and those which are injected at the end of their production? If existing any difference, dose it has observable significant effect in the rate of produced antibodies of vaccines injected into animals by injecting a dosage of Selenium and E vitamin supplement? Animals were divided into three groups. To first group, only fresh Rev l was injected and to second group, Rev l in the final days of the shelf life was injected and to third group, Rev l in the final days of the shelf life alone with vitamin E and selenium supplementation was injected. All three groups were blood sampled on days 0, 14, 21 and 60 after vaccination. Wright technique was used to measure antibody titer in serum. None of the groups in zero day samples, had no agility of antibodies against Brucella. In all 3 groups, the overall increase in antibody production was observed to days 60. Despite higher antibody titer in animals that received supplementation; there was no statistically significant difference in different Groups. Single dose of vitamin E and selenium, simultaneously with injecting vaccines, it couldn't result in significant increase in antibody mass in sheep.

This experiment was carried out to investigatethe effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic (protexin Ò) on lipid peroxidation and bioaccumulation of Japanese quail following oral administration of cadmium. In a completely randomized design, 240 one day old Japanese quails were divided into three treatments in three replicates (n=20).The dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) basal diet supplemented with 100 mg protexinÒ per 1 kg of diet, 3 (basal dietsupplemented with 40 ppm cadmium chloride in the drinking water, 4) basal diet supplemented with 100 mg protexinÒ per 1 kg of diet plus 40 ppm cadmium chloride in the drinking water. At days 21 and 35 of the trial, 9 birds form each group were slaughtered andblood samples were taken for determination of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in serum and then liver and muscles were taken to investigate of the effect of different groups on lipid peroxidation and bioaccumulation of Cd on liver and muscles. The results of this experiment showed that the increase in TBARS concentration of serum, liver and muscle tissues in cadmium intoxicated birds were significantly reversed by the protexinÒ. Also Treatment with protexinÒ was effective in decreasing Cd accumulation in liver and muscles. Our results revealed that protexinÒ may protect Japanese quails from Cd-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and cadmium accumulation in liver and kidneys of bird.

Spondylitis (Kinky back) was characterized by involvement of vertebral column to kyphosis by cause of microbial and infectious agents. Until now, there is no report related Spondylitis prevalence in Iran. In this study, 13 broiler flocks in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiyari province, 30-45 days old, with clinical lameness sign were selected. We sampled 85 broilers with clinical lameness sign in these flocks. After euthanizatin and necropsy, the radiograph was prepared from abnormal vertebrates. In samples with disformation of vertebrates and osteic response, bacterial and fungal cultures were prepared from lesions of vertebrates. From 85 cases with clinical sign, 43 samples have radiologic symptoms. In microbial culture 38 samples were infected to bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous), 2 samples were infected to fungi, while 3 samples have no infectivity to bacteria and fungi. Results showed that the spondylitis has high prevalence among broilers and the bacterial infections have very important role in this problem. Therefore, controlling of bacterial infection can decrease prevalent of this pathologic lesion.