IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:9 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of Levamisole on histopathological changes and immune responses of rainbow trout.1500 fish (average weight 150 g) were obtained from a local fish farm of Urmia and were divided in 5 treatments and were fed on a diet supplemented with Levamisole at 0 (control), 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 diet for a period of 45 days. Then the fishes of all groups were fed on commercial diet without Levamisole and were exposed density stress by 2 folds (150 kg/m3) for the following 15 days. Blood samples were collected from all treatments on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 to evaluate the compliment activity and lysozyme activity of serum; and the results were analyzed by SPSS15 software. At the end of trial, tissue samples of gill, kidney and liver were also collected to test the histopathologic effects of Levamisole. At the end of the trial period, results showed increased levels of lysozyme activity and complement activity (P<0.05) in the treatment were fed at higher doses of Levamisol 1000 mg kg-1 diet. According of analyzing histopathologic samples, minimum adverse effects in kidney tissues were detected at higher concentrations of Levamisole, especially in the control group and Levamisole 1000 mg kg-1 diet, and the gill tissues suffered least adverse effects in the control group. At the end of trial period higher doses of Levamisol 1000 mg kg-1 diet were identified the best treatment to induce immune responses and decrease of histopathologic effects in rainbow trout.

Despite the successful pregnancies and live births that have been reported from transferring embryos derived from cryopreserved oocytes in several mammalian species, developmental competence of frozen-thawed oocytes is low. The aim of this study was examining the effects of short term treating of the immature ovine oocyte with glycine and supplementation of vitrification and warming solution with glycine on post vitrification and warming quality. Abattoir-derived immature ovine oocytes vitrified with (GLY) or without (CON) treating with glycine and after In vitro maturation the nuclear maturation and the rate of apoptosis of them compared with their unvitrified (FRESH) counterparts.A difference at a level of P<0.05 was described significant. The survival rate of the oocytes in vitrified groups was significantly lower than of the FRESH group. Treating with glycine had no beneficial effect on post IVM survival rate. Apoptotic oocytes were significantly lower in the GLY group than CON group and were comparable to FRESH group. In conclusion, glycine can improve the quality of ovine immature oocytes after vitrification and warming.

Bovine enzootic leukosis is an important viral disease of cattle with a worldwide distribution. The disease is caused by a virus (Bovine leukemia virus; BLV) of the genus deltaretrovirus within the family Retroviridae. BLV can cause persistent lymphocytosis, malignant lymphoma and leukemia by impairing the proliferation of lymphoid cells. Due to lack of a proper vaccine or treatment, BLV infections cause huge economic losses and costs for the control and eradication programs. Programs to control the BLV infections are based on the screening of animals by serological methods and removing the infected animals. Due to the possibility for transmission of BLV to buffalos, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BLV infection within the slaughtered buffaloes at Ahvaz abattoir. Therefore, blood samples were collected from a total of 529 buffaloes, including 261 female and 268 male animals and assayed by ELISA. Based on the results, only one animal (0.18%), a female buffalo of 8 years old was found to be positive for BLV specific antibodies. The results of this study are in agreement with the results of other researchers reporting a low prevalence of BLV infections in buffalo.

Lactococcus garvieae is the one of the most causative agents of economic losses in fish farms in Iran. In this study, frequency of L. garvieae from 10 rainbow trout fish farms in Mazandaran Province was studied using biochemical tests and PCR. Then, Serial dilutions of essential oils of Artemisia annua L, Mentha piperita, Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch and Bunium persicum was prepared to determine minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolated bacteria. Also, the inhibition zone diameter of bacteria was determined by disc diffusion method and compared to each other. The results indicated that fish from 7 out of 10 studied farms were infected to lactococosis and 38 isolates were identified as L. garvieae from the fish. The results also represented that essential oils of B. persicum, M. piperita and A.annua L showed good antibacterial activity on L. garvieae that comparable to streptomysin. The results of the present study demonstrated that mention essential oils after more studies could be a replaced than common industrial antibiotics to treat infections caused by L. garvieae.

Application of nutritional strategies to reduce dietary crude protein proportion by maintaining production performance and/or using a protein source with lower degradability in the rumen is able to reduce ruminal ammonia N and blood urea N and has a positive effect on production and reproduction performance. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soybean processing (roasted soybean and extruded soybean and combination of roasted soybean and extruded soybean) compared with soybean meal on milk yield, NH3N concentration, and milk urea nitrogen concentration in Holstein dairy cows with four multiparous (DIM=113 ± 14) and four primiparous (DIM=96 ± 20) were used in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments included: 1) 13.88% of diets dry matter (DM) as soybean meal; 2) 15.22% of diet DM as roasted soybean; 3) 15.55% of diet DM as extruded soybean; and 4) 7.69% of diet DM as extruded soybean and 7.69% of diet DM as roasted soybean. N intake was higher in soybean meal treatment than soybean processing. Milk production was similar among treatments (P>0.05). Although parity had no significant effect on percentage of milk protein, but the yield of protein (P=0.07) was higher in PP cows than MP cows.Plasma urea N (11.19 vs.14.90 mg/dl) and milk urea N (10.58 vs.13.10 mg/dl) reduced significantly in the diets containing processed soybean. Results indicated that replacement of processed soybean for soybean meal did not affect feed net outcome, but decreased plasma urea N and also milk urea N.

Varicocele is a pathological dilatation of the venous pampiniform plexus, found in the male spermatic cord, and a common condition, found in men who present for infertility evaluation. The purpose of this investigation was to create a simple and new method of varicocele model in dog and to study subsequent alterations in testicular histopathology. Six young adult dogs were used. Dilation of the venous pampiniform plexus in dogs was achieved by partial occlusion of proximal part of pampiniform plexus without abdominal incision. At the end of experiment, dogs were castrated and testes were dissected and processed for microscope examinations. Johnsen scores and histological abnormalities were evaluated for each testis. There were significant different between the Johnsen scores in the normal and varicocele induced testes. There were severe histological abnormalities in the varicocele induced testes and slightly microscopic changes was showed in the normal testes.The current study demonstrated that partial occlution of proximal part of pampiniform plexus could induce varicocele in dog. Varicocele also showed changes in the normal testis.

Frequency, percentage and types of abomasal ulcer in different ages and genders were investigated in 326 cows and 569 sheep in Urmia abattoir in 2011-12. The males and females cows and sheep were 212, 114, 178 and 391, respectively. Overall, 29.2% of cows and 13.3% of sheep showed ulcer in the abomasum (P<0.01). The percentage of age distribution in abomasal ulcers with 1, 2, 3, 4 and>4 years in cows was 35.8%, 11.6%, 17.8%, 25.3%, 9.5% and sheep was 3.5%, 12.8%, 33.9%, 34.1% and 54.1%, respectively. Abomasal ulcers increase significantly by the age of cows and sheep (P<0.01) mainly in females more than in males. Overall, cows and sheep aged at 1 and 3 years old, respectively, revealed the highest ulcer in the abomasum. Female and male cows at 1 and 4, ewes and rams at 3 years old, respectively, have had the greatest ulcers in their abomasums. The abomasal types of ulcer in cows were greater than in sheep mainly by increase in the age of cows (P<0.01).Over 24% of cows showed 2 and 3 types of ulcer but sheep revealed only one type of ulcer. The majority of ulcers were in the fundus and the least in pylorus. The histopathological findings confirmed all macroscopic lesions in the abomasums. Type 1 was accompanied by cystic form of abomasal crypts. In type 2 a slight serofibrinos and destruction of abomasal crypt was observed. In type 3 a copious serofibrin around the ulcer and complete destruction of abomasal crypts was seen. Based on the incidence of over twice abomasal ulcer in cows, age outbreaks and various types of ulcers in comparison with sheep, it is concluded that the subclinical types of abomasal ulcers in cows is more common and serious than in sheep and prophylactic programs are recommended.

Propofol as an intravenous anesthetic agent can be short-term and ambulatory surgical facilities as well as the lack of artificial respiration very helpful.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment techniques using echocardiography as on invasive technique based on functional and structural heart. A total of 12dogs weighing15 to22 kg with a mean age of19months, were selected.Cardiovascular health was assessed using echocardiography, auscultation and ECG. Echocardiography was performed before injection of standard approaches. Then 8 mg / kg by propofol intravenous injection. Factors LVDd, LVDs, IVSd, IVSs, SV, EF, FS, LVFWd, LVFWs and HR were examined.Based on the results of the free wall of the left ventricle during diastole (LVFWd) and heart rate (HR) was significantly increased in size compared with the control group and left ventricular free wall during systole (LVFWs) significantly compared with the control group was reduced. And with respect to the parameters, the heart’s ability top ump blood is slow heart rate (HR) was significantly increased.While injecting drug at different time shad no effect on cardiac performance indicators. Therefore, propofol can be a safe drug in short-term operations and when not in use advanced equipment to provide artificial respiration.