JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAMIC WORLD
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Comparison of similarities and differences of Iran revolution (1979) and Egypt political changes (2011) as the two Islamic countries is important issue which needs more surveys. One of the subjects in comparative study of these two revolutions is compatibility of Western revolution theories on the revolutions of these two countries. Huntington’s theory which is presented as one of the latest theories on reasons of revolutions, has been compared to Iran revolution by some researchers which needs more discussion. This subject has been proposed in Egypt revolution in 2011. This article tries to evaluate success rate of “unbalanced development” theory by the revolutions in these two Islamic countries through comparative study of compatibility rate of this theory with the two mentioned revolutions. The author believes that the theory does not have considerable success in Islamic revolutions. Although the need to political engagement can be a factor among of revolution’s factors, but it is not compatible with the theory’s presumptions with regards to revolutions in the process of political development.

This paper is a cross-major survey in the field of social science, revolution history, artificial intelligence, IT, and fluid mechanics aimed to explain how Islamic modern civilization has built and answers these questions: what are the movement specifications of Islamic modern civilization? What is the most appropriate model for simulation of Islamic modern civilization movement? Based on comparative model, can social networking be good infrastructure for fulfillment of Islamic modern civilization? For answering these questions, 35 papers, 25 lectures of Imam Khomeini and Khamenei, 9 books and 5 references are analyzed in a descriptive study. Findings show that Islamic modern civilization has movement specifications such as reformism, popularity, modernism, flexibility, dependence on collective intelligence, cause and effect in global level (level 1), idealism, following the principles (level 2), and position of leadership (level 3). Considering the influence of these nine specifications on the movement, source routing algorithm is the most appropriate simulation for Islamic modern civilization movement. Based on Source Model analysis movement of Islamic Republic of Iran towards fulfillment of this civilization has faced to lack of speed and comprehensiveness of level one specifications’ influence. For fluency of this movement, social networking is the best practice.

Adopting open economic policies and political limitations coincided with development of international communication networks paved the road for Arab young generation who feel relative political, social and economic deprivation to show their anger through revolutionary movements. Such movements gradually moved to the other Arab countries and made Arab authorities worried with regards to their non-democratic structures as they started to try to remove unemployment, corruption, and poverty. This paper surveys economic causes of revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia. The main question is that what are the causes of recent movements in these two countries? Assuming that economic factors such as poverty and unemployment among the middle class were the causes of revolutions in the mentioned countries, this paper usesRobert Gurr’s relative deprivation theory to study the role of Ben Ali and Mubarak’s governments economic policies in creation of new middle class and raise of relative deprivation leading to the revolutions in 2011 and 2012.

Social movements occurred recently in the Middle East and north of Africa changed many global and local conditions. This paper indicates the root of such movements based on Edward Saeed’s East studies. This is comparative survey research. Findings showed that East Study thoughts of Saeed shaped resistance conversation from one hand and on the other hand entering another edge (East) to the context he paved the road for center less society through focus on a series of universal ideas. These universal ideas weakened the two-sided Western logic and became a symbol for distinguish between Western and Eastern conversation. So, this Islamic and local identitism constructed a multi-center system and challenged legitimation of Western conversation. Saeed believed that East Study should not be opposite of Western principles but should resist against east study thoughts emphasizing on universal ideas such as freedom, monotheism, not doing violence and discrimination, justice activism, rationality, being peace-oriented, and human rights which are rooted in Islamic ideology. Therefore as these universal ideas are rooted in Islamic culture, these countries acted against East study conversation via emphasis on these universal ideas and created an independent identity based on Islamic culture.

Islamic area movements called Islamic awakening is one of the most challenging subjects of global society. These movements which started in Tunisia in 2010 seriously changed situation of different countries. Different aspects of these movements in the Middle East and North of Africa are complex and widespread. One of the main aspects is the influence of the movements on the gap between Shia and Suni in the Middle East. The paper tries to survey consequences of the movement on religious gap in the area using Manza and Brook’s Tripple-level Model for analysis of political-social gap. It seems that currently political gap between Shia and Suni has been increased and become deeper while this increase is caused by the very process of revolutions and movements and foreign interferences and disunities. The paper focuses on the process which leads to great political conflicts and group identity seeking on the both sides of the gap. Also it is worthwhile to mention that this is descriptive-analytic survey and data collecting was done by documentary method.

The study on recent evolutions in Egypt and Hosni Mubarak regime fall shows that recent movements in this country needs an analysis based on political-economic development. People movement was nor for more freedom neither for establishing democracy according to the west. The main reason was disability of the government in economy. According to development theorist, Walt Whitman, countries move toward development through linear economic development route. His economic development theory includes 5 steps by which countries can reach economic development. In this route, foreign investment, consumption and social tendencies can boost or reduce this process. Steps of economic development are different for different countries. Therefore, by studying Egypt development indicators, it is obvious that according to Rostov’s theory Egypt faces to crisis on the maturity level and not only cannot remove the crisis but also confronts with political, social, and economic revolution.