GEOGRAPHICAL URBAN PLANNING RESEARCH
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: If in the times of the past, not too far ago, cities were such rare and uncommon phenomena, nowadays they have been turned into the main place of work and life of the major part of human beings of the world. This is to the extent that more than half of the nearly 7 billion people of the world are now living in the cities. This increase of population in cities has brought about numerous problems and challenges including crowd, traffic, problems of air pollution and environment, inequality in access to urban services and facilities, deficiency in infrastructures, corrosion and weariness in the neighborhoods and many other problems and issues...

Introduction: Cities are considered as the engines of economic growth and social development; they are also the key nodes of capital accumulation, reinvestment in new sectors, and focal points of the development of specialized services (Daniels, 2004). The employment aspect is easily overlooked in urban development strategies (Van Empel, 2008). The experience of industrialization in developed countries indicates that increase of employment in economic sectors have been one of the important indicators of economic growth (Zarra nejad and Montazer hojjat, 2004). It is necessary to understand the economic structure of citiesin planning in all levels including urban, regional and national, and land use analysis (Farhodi and Mohammadi, 2006). Employment is one of the most important channels through which economic growth can be translated into poverty reduction and less income inequality (Herman and Georgescu, 2012, 407)...

Introduction: View of city is a complex of natural and artificial manifestations like scenes, people, treatments, their activities as the first sight, total historical properties reflection, cultural and economical properties. This is appraised in mind of residents as achievement of human activity together with its essence during the history. All human senses are capable of understanding the city view. City view is not only building faces or obvious materials but they are smells, different natural artificial elements moving or still and totally all the things human can feel; all these factors are effective in the quality of city view. City view is the manifestations and sensible part that visual reflection, practical and understandable shapes...

Introduction: Knowledge and evaluation of land suitability and potential for physical development of urban settlement is the initial steps for spatial and environment planning. Physical developments of urban settlements are linked to natural bed and geomorphologic features. Urban development in mountain areas has high sensitivity because of geomorphologic limitations and slope unsustainability. One of the major issues of metropolises is the rapid population growth and physical development. In urban development projects, in the past decades, towns and villages have mostly formed with no regard to the optimal landuse in different directions on the agricultural land, rich plains, mountain, river banks and beaches. Consequences of the development are the degradation of first class lands, good ranges, forests, and abnormal development of settlement. Therefore, zoning and finding the suitable locations is very important for future urban development to avoid horrible environmental, human, social and economic issues...

Introduction: Urban environments, features and physical characteristics, and various symbolic forms can be used in many behavioral characteristics such as attitudes, tastes, habits and the way of insight of influence and many behaviors and norms. These are formed in the the community. In fact, the urban environment as a place where citizens are in touch every day, can be appropriate and have optimal opportunities for learning and exchange of learning and experiences of citizens. This can improve teaching and learning. Hence, the city gives education not only by means of formal and informal educational and cultural institutions, but also through urban planning, environmental planning, urban communication tools, local industry, public and private companies, and the social fabric...

Introduction: Lack of access to safe and secure housing is one of the main features of urban poverty. Housing is the most important productive asset guaranteeing the credit for livelihood. The price of land has a significant impact on housing supply. The circumstances that led to development of illegal or informal land markets are quantity and quality and availability of the housing guarantee. Housing poverty in urban areas is randomly scattered, primarily in the form of informal settlements. This is one of the most important symbols in the awareness of living in these areas, according to the indicators of housing quality...

Introduction: E-government refers to public use of information technology, especially the internet in order to provide information and services to citizens. Realization of e-government in the country, requires participation of electronic citizens. To implement and promote effective e-government, essential infrastructure should be provided. The importance of e-government becomes clear when the citizens don’ t have required awareness of the benefits and process of e-government and services and lack of training in the effective use of these services will result in the failure of the project. This research wants to examine the role of education and awareness of citizens in the implementation of e-government in Mashhad...