AQUATIC PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

This study conducted to determine the effects of different amount of vitamin niacin (B3) on hematological and immune indices in Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) cultured. This study was carried out at Shahid Dr. Beheshti Artificial Sturgeon Propagation and Rearing Center. Six diets include 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/Kg dry food vitamin B3 for 8 weeks for A. ruthenus. The number of 90 fish by weight 50g in 18 fiberglas tank. The fish were fed 5% of body weight. For sampling, 3 fish from each treatment were collected from the caudal peduncle.According to result, between blood indices (red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume) showed significant differences (P<0.05). But in MCH and MCHC indices, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils, differences were not significant (P>0.05). Between immune indices, IgM and lysozyme showed significant differences (P<0.05). According to result, 20 mg/Kg of niacin in favorable effect on hemoglobin and hematocrit and showed 30 mg/Kg niacin, IgM and lysozyme positive effect, and treated with 30 mg/Kg, both indicators show increased IgM and lysozyme. According to result in this study, it is suggested to increase the safety of 30 mg/Kg dose should be used.

The thermostable and alkaliphile xylanases are beneficial industrial enzymes in food industry (bakery and alcohol production or fermentation industries) pulp-kraft, and pharmaceutic industry. Xylanases hydrolyse xylan (the hemicellulose of plant cell wall) and produced by different kinds of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and some algae. In this study, xylanase gene from thermoalkaline Anoxybacillus flavithermus was isolated from hot spring of Meshkinshahr (Iran) and was cloned in E. coli (BL21). At first, total DNA was extracted from bacteria. PCR was then accomplished and xylanase gene was isolated and amplified. Amplification of xylenase coding gene was confirmed by electrophoresis. Cloning was performed by digestion of xylanase gene and pET21a+ by restriction enzymes (NheI and XhoI), following by ligation and transformation to E. coli (BL21). Finally, the results were confirmed by colony-PCR and sequencing of selected colonies. PCR and sequencing results, demonstrated a high similarity between xylanases of Anoxybacillus species with xylanase of this study.

The goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) is a freshwater species that is one of the earliest fish to be domesticated, and is one of the most common aquarium fish. To study plasma levels of induced vitellogenin byendocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 17b-estradiol, Bisphenol A, Naphthalene and Butachlor were used. This study was conducted in two separate parts. First, Bisphenol A, Naphthalene and Butachlor were added to aquariums containing goldfish with doses of 500mg/L, 200mg/L and 0.28mg/L, respectively, for 15 days. Then blood sampling was performed on days 5, 10 and 15 of the experiment. Second, 17b-estradiol, Bisphenol A, Naphthalene and Butachlor were injected directly to the fishes with doses of 0.5mg/mL, 50mg/Kg, 50mg/Kg, 20μL and blood sampling was performed after 48h.After separating plasma, phosphate and vitellogenin amounts of each treatment were measured and calculated by using of ALP test. Results from the first experiment showed that there was significant difference between vitellogenin content of treatments and control (P<0.05). The highest level of vitellogenin was devoted to 17b-estradiol and Bisphenol A, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between Naphthalene and Butachlor treatments. Results from the second experiment showed that there was significant difference between control and treatments (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between Bisphenol A and Naphthalene treatments (P>0.05). According to the results, in this study, Bisphenol A, Naphthalene and Butachlor can be considered as EDC in both experiments by inducing of vitellogenin synthesis.

Regarding the importance of Jinga shrimp in catch cycle of the Persian Gulf and its second rank in shrimp catch in Hormozgan province, genetic diversity of this species was assessed based on sequencing of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Shrimp samples were collected from the regions of Bandar Abbas, Bushehr and Abadan, and PCR reaction for amplification of 16S rRNA was optimized. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing including 486 aligned base pairs yielded 480 monomorphic loci, 6 polymorphic loci and 2 transitions.Mean haplotype diversity in each region was recorded from 0.000±0.000 (Bandar Abbas) to 0.333±0.215 (Bushehr) and 0.333±0.215 (Abadan), and mean nucleotide diversity from 0.000±0.000 (Bandar Abbas) to 0.003±0.003 (Bushehr) and 0.001±0.001 (Abadan). Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of all samples were 0.608±0.007 and 0.002±0.003, respectively. Results of this study revealed the intermediate haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity of Jinga shrimp in the studied regions. As one of the reasons for severe decrease of populations is the lack of genetic diversity, the analysis of these results and its application can be useful for fisheries management in appropriate restocking of this valuable species.

The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 96h) of copper sulfate in rainbow trout fingerlings (10.0±0.39 g). Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. using rainbow trout fingerlings in 96 hours. In experiments the toxicity range of copper sulfate on fish, was 1 up to 1000 mg.L-1. Within 24 to 96 hours, mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of copper sulfate. LC50 48h has decreased in compare with LC50 24h. Lethal concentration at 72 hours showed a significant reduction compared to both 24h and 48h. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 10, 8.37, 4.79 and 0.96 mg.mL-1, respectively. Since the toxicity is determined according to the LC50 96h, copper sulfate is very toxic for rainbow trout.

The present study aimed to study the histological structure of digestive tract of sea cucumberHolothuria arenicola collected from three regions in the coasts of Hormozgan including Bandar Lengeh, Qeshm and Hormoz. All Samples were fixed in 10% formalin. The samples were processed through routine paraffin embedding technique, cut at 6 mm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to study using light microscope. The results showed the esophagus consisted of striated squamous epithelium and underlying properia-submucusa and surrounded by two circular and longitudinal muscular layers. Stomach was coated by simple columnar epithelium with no stomach glands. The simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells coated all over the intestine. The posterior intestine joins the short wide cloaca in the posterior end of the body.The cloaca is attached to the surrounding body wall by an abundance of threadlike radial cloacal dilator muscles.