AQUATIC PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:4|Papers Count:6

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. Many efforts, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, have been made to treat breast cancer. Due to some drawbacks of chemotherapy such as toxicity and drug resistance, some other strategies, including use of marine resources, have recently been developed.Cyanobacteria have some effective compounds that can induce the process of cell death in cancer cells and might be promising candidate for cancer therapy.In the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Oscillatoria cyanobacterium on the viability and gene expression of caspase 3 (CASP3) in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was examined. Breast cancer cell lines were treated with concentrations of 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL of Oscillatoria extract. The effect of extracts on the viability of cells was evaluated by MTT assay and alteration of caspase 3 gene expression was checked out by Real Time PCR. The results showed that the MCF7 cell viability was reduced in the presence of increasing concentration of the extract with significant differences compared to the control samples. The results of Real Time PCR showed that the expression of caspase 3 significantly increased after 24 h in comparison with the control group.

In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Sargassum angustifolium extract on the immune system and antioxidant defense mechanism of the common carp juvenile (43.85±12.25g) were investigated during a three weeks culture period.For this experiment first a stock solution of 10% sargassum seaweed was prepared by adding 10 grams of dried powder of sargassum to 100mL of double distilled water. Four aquariums each containing 10 liters of water and five fish were set up as treatments and control. Then concentrations of 1%, 5% and 10% of the sargassum extract was prepared in treatment aquariums by adding proportional volumes of the stock solution. Sampling of fish was conducted on days 7, 14 and 21 for measurement of antioxidant enzymes and immune indexes. The results revealed that the activity of catalase and glutathione in all samples taken at different days of the experiment did not show any significant differences with control group (P>0.05). The Superoxide dismutase activity level in 5% and 10% treatments demonstrated a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Based on the results, the 10% treatment had the highest immune stimulation and antioxidant effect on the fish compared to the other treatments by showing the highest antioxidant capacity (8.56±0.65 mmol/g) at the final day of the experiment.Among the immune indices, the total number of white blood cells in 10% treatment and the lysozyme activity in all treatments showed a significant increase (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment.

Microalgae are rich in inorganic compounds and can grow rapidly, thereby producing valuable byproducts in various fields, such as pharmaceutical and food industrials. At the end of the growth phase of the microalgae, one of the problems that exist in harvesting the biomass is lack of a suitable machine for the isolation of microalgae from culture with low-cost is not available. In this study, the Electro-coagulation- flotation method was used to harvest Chlorella sp. from the culture medium, the impact of three parameters, current, electrolytes and duration of the process was evaluated for its efficiency. The results show that the run time has the greatest impact in harvesting, so that the highest recovery efficiency was attained in the longest time. On the other hand the increase in currency speeds up the clotting and harvesting of the microalgae; but the energy consumption is high. The highest efficiency of biomass harvesting was obtained 88.3 % with a currency of 16 mA.cm-2 and duration of 30 minutes.

Sturgeons and their hybrids have the highest value in terms of meat and caviar production. These fishes have gonochorist gonads, but rarely and unusual intersex gonads are reported. The present study reports the first intersex gonad in a hybrid of Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ♀) × Beluga (Huso huso ♂) in Iran aquaculture condition. In one fish with 10 year-old and 7.5 kg weight, gonads (700g) were seen as testes as dominance with some oocytes upon the testes with 100g in weight. The reason of this phenomenon is unknown and needs some anatomical, hormonal, and histological examination with a higher sample size of this fish, but this is foreseen that holding condition in captivity, presence of pheromones and hormonal factors, and some pollutants and endocrine disruptors could cause this phenomenon.

External disinfectants are used to control infections caused by organisms outside the body and to eradicate or reduce pathogens in fish. The present study investigates the effect of different copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) baths on stress and blood indices of Acipenser ruthenus. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and a control group (triplicate). Treatments were copper sulfate concentrations of 2ppm (longterm bath, 12h), 5ppm (short-term bath, 5-10min), 10ppm (bath of immersion, 30-45s) and potassium permanganate concentrations of 1ppm (long-term bath, 12h), 2ppm (short-term bath, 5-10min), 3ppm (bath of immersion, 30-45s) and a control group (without sterilization). At the end of experiment, 4 to 5 fish had randomly selected for blood sampling. White blood cell and Neutrophil results showed a statistically significant difference between treatments and control group (P<0.05).Lymphocyte, monocytes and eosinophils percentage, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin didn’t show a statistically significant difference between treatments and control group (P>0.05). Cortisol and glucose levels showed a statistically significant difference between treatments and control group (P<0.05). According to the results of the disinfection method, disinfection short-term (10 min) is recommended for both materials.

The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of colloidal silver nanoparticles on changes of intestine and skin tissues microflora population.After determination of colloidal nanosilver lethal concentration on grass carp, the fish samples were exposed to concentrations of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L nanosilver for 14 days (triplicate). The zero concentration of nanosilver was used as control sample. Then total count, mesophilla, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria population in intestine and skin tissues of fish were determined. The results indicated that increasing concentrations of nanosilver reduces the measured microflora population significantly. So that decreasing in bacterial population of skin was higher compared to the intestinal tissue. Also, results showed the Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria in skin and intestine tissues were lowest and showed highest damage, respectively. This study clearly demonstrated that the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles was varies depending on different bacterial groups. Therefore, regard to probiotics role of lactic acid bacteria in fish intestine, sensitivity and reduction of their population to nanosilver, the fish immune system may be affected.